O trauma de face submetido a cirurgia: Uma análise epidemiológica de 10 anos no interior do Brasil / Facial trauma undergoing surgery: A 10-year epidemiological analysis in the interior of Brazil

Introdução: O trauma de face representa significativa incapacitação para a vítima, além de um desafio para as equipes de saúde devido a sua complexidade e envolvimento de estruturas nobres. Analisar a sua epidemiologia permite coordenar medidas em saúde pública para melhorar o atendimento e a prevenção. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo, longitudinal, com abordagem retrospectiva a partir dos prontuários dos pacientes vítimas de trauma de face atendidos pela clínica cirúrgica no período entre 2010 e 2019. Resultados: Dentre os 529 prontuários incluídos no estudo e analisados, 71,08% tratava-se de cirurgias eletivas e o restante, 28,92%, de cirurgias de urgência. O trauma foi mais frequente em indivíduos de 20 a 29 anos, o que corresponde a 31,76% do total de casos. Também foi mais frequente em indivíduos do sexo masculino, correspondendo a 78,45% do total de casos. Acidentes automobilísticos foram a causa mais comum, descrita em 22,31% dos prontuários, e a principal fratura, presente em 85,83% dos casos, foi dos ossos próprios do nariz. Conclusão: As vítimas de traumatismo bucomaxilofacial atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro são predominantemente homens na terceira década de vida, envolvidos em acidentes automobilísticos, com lesões em ossos do nariz que foram abordadas de forma eletiva.

Introduction: Facial trauma represents significant incapacitation for the victim, as well as a challenge for healthcare teams due to its complexity and involvement of important structures. Analyzing its epidemiology allows us to coordinate public health measures to improve care and prevention. Method: Observational, descriptive, longitudinal study with a retrospective approach based on the medical records of patients who suffered facial trauma treated by the surgical clinic between 2010 and 2019. Results: Among in individuals aged 20 to 29 years, which corresponds to 31.76% of total cases. It was also more common in males, corresponding to 78.45% of total cases. Car accidents were the most common cause, described in 22.31% of medical records, and the main fracture, present in 85.83% of cases, was of the bones of the nose. Conclusion: Victims of oral and maxillofacial trauma treated at the Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro are predominantly men in their third decade of life, involved in automobile accidents, with injuries to the bones of the nose that were treated electively.

Courtship and Reproduction of the Whitetip Reef Shark Triaenodon obesus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in an Ex Situ Environment, with a Description of the Late Embryonic Developmental Stage.

Elasmobranchs represent a group of species under considerable anthropic pressure because of the scale of industrial and artisanal fisheries and the loss of essential areas for nursery and feeding, which are causing substantial population losses around the world. Reproduction in an ex situ environment enables a healthy population to be built and maintained in networks of public aquariums, increasing our knowledge of elasmobranch reproductive biology and offering the opportunity for reintroductions in areas where native populations have been removed. The study reports two successful pregnancies of the whitetip reef shark Triaenodon obesus, considered a vulnerable species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Copulation and gestation data are provided, including ultrasound recordings of the late stage of embryo development. Ultrasonography was performed with the GE Logiq and convex transducer and revealed a fetus with defined fins and organogenesis, with definition of eyes, gills, liver, a heart with individualized chambers, partially defined kidneys, and a well-defined spiral intestine. A cartilaginous skeleton forming a posterior acoustic shadow was detailed, as well as a moving fetus with a biparietal diameter of 6.47 cm and a heart rate of 62 Beats Per Minute on spectral Doppler. This is the first successful reproduction of T. obesus in an aquarium in Brazil.

Delivery of Cells to the Cornea Using Synthetic Biomaterials.

ABSTRACT: The cornea is subject to a myriad of ocular conditions often attributed to cell loss or cell dysfunction. Owing to the superficial positioning of tissues composing the anterior segment of the eye, particularly the cornea, regenerative medicine in this region is aided by accessibility as compared with the invasive delivery methods required to reach deep ocular tissues. As such, cell therapies employing the use of carrier substrates have been widely explored. This review covers recent advances made in the delivery of stem cells, corneal epithelial cells, and corneal endothelial cells. Particular focus is placed on the most popular forms of synthetic scaffolds currently being examined: contact lenses, electrospun substrates, polymeric films, and hydrogels.

Influência do polimento na estabilidade de cor de uma resina composta após imersão em diferentes substâncias corantes / Influence of polishing on color stability of a composite resin after immersion in different coloring substances

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de pigmentação da resina composta imersa em água destilada, molho shoyu e vinho tinto, submetida a diferentes métodos de polimento. Método: Foram confeccionadas 90 espécimes de resina composta cor A2 esmalte (4 mm de diâmetro de topo, 3 mm de diâmetro de fundo e 2 mm de espessura), divididos igualmente em três grupos, de acordo com o tratamento superficial realizado (sem polimento, polimento com Diamond Pro e polimento com lixa). As 30 amostras de cada grupo foram divididas em três subgrupos (n=10) e imersas em diferentes soluções (água, molho shoyu e vinho tinto). A análise colorimétrica foi realizada previamente, 7 e 15 dias após a imersão das amostras nas soluções, com o auxílio de um colorímetro. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes de ANOVA/Tukey considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Amostras imersas em água apresentaram pequena variação de cor (E=2,2), com exceção das que não receberam polimento (E=7,8). O vinho tinto apresentou significativo maior potencial de pigmentação (E=15), independente do método de polimento, enquanto o molho shoyu (E=11) demonstrou pigmentar com maior intensidade as amostras polidas com discos de lixa. Conclusões: É necessário fazer um acabamento e um polimento adequado na restauração de resina composta para que o grau de pigmentação seja o menor possível. Sobre os alimentos corantes, conclui-se que tanto o molho shoyu quanto o vinho tinto pigmentam a resina composta, porém o vinho pigmenta com uma intensidade maior(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the degree of pigmentation of composite resin immersed in distilled water, shoyu sauce and red wine, with different polishing methods. Method: 90 specimens of A2 enamel composite resin (4 mm of top diameter, 3 mm of bottom diameter and 2 mm of thickness) were made, equally divided into three groups, according to the surface treatment carried out (without polishing, polishing with Diamond Pro and polishing with sandpaper). The 30 samples from each group were divided into three subgroups (n = 10) and immersed in different solutions (water, shoyu sauce and red wine). The colorimetric analysis was performed previously, 7 and 15 days after the samples immersion in the solutions, with the aid of a colorimeter. The data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests considering a significance level of 5%. Results: Samples immersed in water showed little color variation (E = 2.2), with the exception of those that did not receive polishing (E = 7.8). Red wine showed a significant higher pigmentation potential (E = 15), regardless of the polishing method, while shoyu sauce (E = 11) demonstrated to pigment the polished samples with sandpaper with greater intensity. Conclusion: It is necessary to finish and polish the composite resin properly so that the degree of pigmentation is as low as possible. Regarding coloring foods, it is concluded that both shoyu sauce and red wine pigment the composite resin, but the wine pigments with greater intensity(AU)

Wistar rats immature testicular tissue vitrification and heterotopic grafting.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of two vitrification protocols for rat immature testicular tissue and heterotopic transplantation. METHODS: Twenty-four pre-pubertal Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=8). After orchiectomy, testicular fragments (3mm) from Groups 1 and 2 were vitrified with different cryoprotectant concentration solutions, using sterile inoculation loops as support. After warming up, the fragments were submitted to cell viability assessment by Trypan blue and histological evaluation. Vitrified (Groups 1 and 2) and fresh (Group 3) fragments were grafted to the animals periauricular region. After 8 weeks of grafting, the implant site was histologically analyzed. RESULTS: The viability recovery rate from Group 1 (72.09%) was higher (p=0.02) than that from Group 2 (59.19%). Histological analysis showed similar tubular integrity between fresh fragments from Groups 1 and 3. Group 2 samples presented lower tubular integrity. We ran histological analyses in the grafts from the Groups. In all groups, it was possible to see the implant site, however, no fragment of testicular tissue or signs of inflammation were histologically found in most samples from Groups 1 and 3. In one sample from Group 2, we found degenerated seminiferous tubules with necrosis and signs of an inflammatory process. In another sample from Group 2, we found seminiferous tubules in the implant site. CONCLUSION: The vitrification of pre-pubertal testicular tissue of rats showed little damage to cell viability through histological analysis when we used cryoprotectants in a lower concentration. Heterotopic transplantation could not preserve the structural organization of the testicular tissue.

Ovarian tissue vitrification and heterotopic autologous transplantation in prepubertal Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of ovarian tissue heterotopic autografting after vitrification in prepubertal rats. METHODS: Fragments of excised ovaries from prepubertal rats were used after assessing post-warming cellular viability, to determine the best vitrification protocol prior to retroauricular autografting. Pre-pubertal females (N=24) were castrated and divided into three group: Group 1 - fresh ovarian tissue transplantation; Group 2 - vitrified/warmed tissue transplantation; Group 3 - bilateral oophorectomy without transplantation. The ovarian fragments were exposed to solutions from the Ingamed® commercial kit, allocated in bacteriological loops and immersed in liquid nitrogen. Sixty days after transplantation, a vaginal mucus sample was collected for cytology tests, followed by sacrificing the animal, performing a cardiac puncture for collecting a blood sample to determine luteinizing hormone and estradiol levels, and excision of the transplanted fragment for histology tests. RESULTS: Vaginal cytology revealed that 87.5% of females from groups 1 and 2 had estrus while all females in Group 3 remained in diestrus. The mean LH value in groups 1 (0.08 mIU/mL) and 2 (0.34 mIU/mL) were statistically different from that of Group 3 (2.27 mIU/mL). E2 values did not differ between the groups. The histological analysis of Group 1 excised grafts versus those from Group 2 showed a higher percentage of primary follicles (62.5% vs. 12.5%), developing follicles (75% vs. 25%), corpus luteum (37.5% vs. 12.5%) and stromal region (100% vs. 87.5%). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that pre-pubertal ovarian tissue vitrification can be used to preserve fertility and to restore endocrine function in castrated rats.