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1.
Int Rev Psychiatry ; 35(5-6): 475-485, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38299659

ABSTRACT

Alcohol and other drugs treatment includes a wide range of service and personal characteristics, along with expected and unexpected barriers to treatment. To capture the benefits and the gaps of a designed treatment, one needs to consider process-of-care and outcome measurements. Process-of-care measures are mainly developments of the rationale proposed by The Washington Circle and capture all variants in the process-of-care as proportions. Outcome measures are strongly related to different concepts of recovery and described as simple yes/no answers type to wide levels of response, such as in Likert-type scales. According to the studies collected here, more realistic periods of data-collection for process-of-care measures and a more reliable format to capture outcome particularities should be designed.

2.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Index Psychology - journals | ID: biblio-985842

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar possíveis fatores associados com a depressão pós-parto (DPP), como o uso de substâncias e o suporte psicossocial em uma amostra de 102 mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade social. O estudo foi realizado com puérperas que residiam provisoriamente no alojamento de um Hospital Maternidade público. Aproximadamente 20% das puérperas apresentaram critérios para a DPP além de um padrão de uso de álcool e maconha superior àquelas que não tinham o transtorno. Observou-se também associação entre violência, falta de suporte psicológico e apoio familiar com a DPP. Observou-se uma associação entre a DPP com outras comorbidades de modo que algumas variáveis estudadas possam estar envolvidas na etiologia e manutenção deste transtorno.


This study aimed to evaluate possible factors associated with postpartum depression syndrome (PDD), as the substance abuse and psychosocial support in a sample of 102 women in a social vulnerability condition. The study was conducted with mothers who were residents in specific hospital's lodging. Almost 20% of mothers showed symptoms to PDD as well as abusive alcohol and marijuana consumption compared with those who did not have PDD. Besides, it was observed an association between lack of psychological and familiar support with PDD. PDD it seems to be associated with other comorbidities so that some of these variables can be linked on the etiology and maintenance of PDD.


Este estudo tuvo como objectivo evaluar possibles factores associados con la Depresión Posparto (DPP) como el uso de substancias y apoio psicossocial em 102 mujeres em situación de vulnerabilidad social. El estúdio se realizó com las madres residentes transitórias em la vivienda de un Hospital Maternidad. Aproximadamente 20% de las madres presentaron criterios para el DPP, así como un de consumo de alcohol y marihuana superior a aquellas que no tienen el trastorno. También fue observada uma asociación entre la violencia, falta de apoyo psicológico y de la familia con el DPP. El DPP parece estar asociada con otras enfermedades concomitantes por lo que algunas variables pueden estar implicados en la etiología y el mantenimiento de este trastorno.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Substance-Related Disorders , Social Vulnerability , Depressive Disorder , Postpartum Period
3.
São Paulo med. j ; 133(3): 179-186, May-Jun/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-752128

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is not a stable condition, but is dynamic, like mental conditions. The aim of this study was to examine whether non-adherence to ART is related to demographic and immunological variables, substance use and presence of depressive symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional prevalence study carried out at a public AIDS treatment center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between July 2006 and January 2007. METHODS: 438 patients on regular ART schedules with recent laboratory tests answered a demographic questionnaire, questions about substance use, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). RESULTS: The prevalence of non-adherence over the past three months (a pattern of treatment interruption) was 46.3%, and 27.2% also reported this in the past week (a pattern of missed doses). ART interruption was significantly related to older age, lower CD4+ cell count and homosexual/bisexual transmission. The pattern of missed doses was significantly related to younger age, higher HDRS scores and higher viral load of RNA HIV. CONCLUSION: ART interruption may reflect recall errors and changes to the Brazilian demographic characteristics of HIV infection. The missed doses may reflect lifestyle characteristics of younger individuals. Attendance for HIV-positive individuals, particularly younger patients, should involve interventions and counseling in relation to the presence of depressive symptoms. .


CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral (TARV) não é uma condição estável, mas dinâmica, como os transtornos mentais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a não adesão ao TARV relaciona-se às variáveis demográficas e imunológicas, ao uso de substâncias e à presença de sintomas depressivos. DESENHO E LOCAL: Este estudo transversal de prevalência foi realizado em um serviço público para tratamento de pessoas HIV-positivas na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, entre julho 2006 e janeiro 2007. MÉTODOS: 438 pacientes em regime regular de TARV, que tinham exames laboratoriais recentes, responderam a questionário demográfico, questões sobre uso de substâncias, Escala de Hamilton para Depressão (HAM-D) e Questionário Simplificado de Adesão à Medicação (QSAM). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de não adesão nos últimos três meses (um padrão de interrupção de tratamento) foi de 46,3% e de 27,2% na última semana (um padrão de perda de doses). A interrupção do TARV relacionou-se significativamente a maior idade, menor contagem de células CD4+ e contágio homo/bissexual, enquanto o padrão de perda de doses relacionou-se significativamente com idade mais jovem, pontuação mais alta na HAM-D e maior carga viral de RNA HIV. CONCLUSÃO: A interrupção do TARV pode refletir erros de memória e mudanças nas características demográficas brasileiras da infecção por HIV. A perda de doses pode refletir aspectos de estilo de vida de indivíduos mais jovens. O atendimento de indivíduos HIV-positivos, particularmente os mais jovens, deve envolver intervenções e aconselhamento em relação à presença de sintomas depressivos. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/psychology , Depression/psychology , Medication Adherence/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Age Factors , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/epidemiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Logistic Models , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors
4.
AIDS Care ; 27(1): 54-8, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25179410

ABSTRACT

Alcohol and other drugs use seem to be common among people infected with HIV on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Their effects on HIV progression is still in debate. This study aimed to assess the association between alcohol and drug use and an HIV disease progression biomarker (CD4 cell count) among patients on ART. A cross-sectional study was carried out at an HIV treatment center affiliated with Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Four hundred and thirty-eight HIV-positive patients on ART were interviewed by trained psychiatrists and psychologists using the following instruments: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). In the previous month, 219 (50%) and 41 (9.3%) patients reported use of alcohol and illicit drugs, respectively. Fifty patients (12.6%) were classified as having harmful alcohol use by AUDIT. According to SCID-I, 80 patients (18.3%) were alcohol abusers, 24 (5.5%) alcohol dependents, and 21 (4.2%) had a current depressive disorder. Almost 73% (n = 319-72.8%) of the patients were adherent to ART. Alcohol dependents were nine times (p < 0.01) more likely to have CD4 cell count ≤200/mm(3), and this association was independent of ART adherence. In conclusion, alcohol dependence seems to be associated with low CD4 cell count in HIV-positive patients. Based on these data, HIV health care workers should always assess alcohol consumption in the treatment setting, and patients should be advised that alcohol dependence may be linked to low CD4.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , HIV Infections/complications , Adult , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Biomarkers , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Progression , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Compliance
5.
Sao Paulo Med J ; 133(3): 179-86, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25250800

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) is not a stable condition, but is dynamic, like mental conditions. The aim of this study was to examine whether non-adherence to ART is related to demographic and immunological variables, substance use and presence of depressive symptoms. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional prevalence study carried out at a public AIDS treatment center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, between July 2006 and January 2007. METHODS: 438 patients on regular ART schedules with recent laboratory tests answered a demographic questionnaire, questions about substance use, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). RESULTS: The prevalence of non-adherence over the past three months (a pattern of treatment interruption) was 46.3%, and 27.2% also reported this in the past week (a pattern of missed doses). ART interruption was significantly related to older age, lower CD4+ cell count and homosexual/bisexual transmission. The pattern of missed doses was significantly related to younger age, higher HDRS scores and higher viral load of RNA HIV. CONCLUSION: ART interruption may reflect recall errors and changes to the Brazilian demographic characteristics of HIV infection. The missed doses may reflect lifestyle characteristics of younger individuals. Attendance for HIV-positive individuals, particularly younger patients, should involve interventions and counseling in relation to the presence of depressive symptoms.


Subject(s)
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/psychology , Depression/psychology , Medication Adherence/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Adult , Age Factors , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Depression/epidemiology , Female , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors
6.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2046

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 1 do módulo 3 "Álcool e outras drogas" do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os padrões individuais de uso de drogas, a classificação das substâncias psicoativas de acordo com os efeitos no sistema nervoso central, bem como alguns dados epidemiológicos referentes à prevalência de dependência de álcool e drogas na população brasileira.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Substance-Related Disorders , Chemical Compounds
7.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2045

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 2 ­ parte I do módulo 3 "Álcool e outras drogas" do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os aspectos neurobiológicos e farmacocinéticos da dependência química, os transtornos e comorbidades relacionados ao uso do álcool, bem como o apoio da família do dependente na superação de dificuldades no modo de vida sem o uso de álcool.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Substance-Related Disorders
8.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2042

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 2 ­ parte II do módulo 3 "Álcool e outras drogas" do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda como o tabaco age no organismo e as diversas complicações clínicas e sociais envolvidas.


Subject(s)
Tobacco Use Disorder , Tobacco Use , Substance-Related Disorders , Chemically-Induced Disorders
9.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2048

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 3 do módulo 3 "Álcool e outras drogas" do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda a epidemiologia e as comorbidades relacionadas ao uso da maconha, como os transtornos psicóticos, de humor, ansiedade, bem como o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH).


Subject(s)
Chemically-Induced Disorders , Substance-Related Disorders , Marijuana Smoking , Cannabis , Marijuana Abuse
10.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2040

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 1 do módulo 4 "Cocaína e Crack" do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda alguns conceitos básicos sobre a cocaína e o crack, as formas de uso, a farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica, os fatores de risco, a correlação da neurobiologia com a clínica do dependente de cocaína, bem como os déficits neurocognitivos associados ao uso de crack e da cocaína.


Subject(s)
Crack Cocaine , Cocaine , Cocaine-Related Disorders , Substance-Related Disorders
11.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2047

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 4 do módulo 3 "Álcool e outras drogas" do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os tipos de tratamento: medicamentoso, psicológico e a atividade física e ocupacional destinado a usuários de álcool e drogas.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Substance-Related Disorders
12.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2065

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 2 do módulo 4, "Cocaína e crack", do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os principais tipos de tratamento de dependentes de cocaína e crack, destacando as principais medidas a serem tomadas no processo de reconhecimento do problema e que propiciem a mudança no estilo de vida do dependente químico


Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders , Crack Cocaine , Cocaine , Inactivation, Metabolic
13.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2066

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a unidade 3 do módulo 4, "Cocaína e crack", do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda os efeitos e tratamentos à algumas substâncias que são cada vez mais utilizadas por adolescentes e jovens, tais como a ecstasy, LSD, Rohypnol, anfetaminas e outras


Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders , Amphetamine-Related Disorders , Mental Disorders
14.
Open educational resource in Portuguese | CVSP - Brazil | ID: una-2067

ABSTRACT

Texto que compõe a Unidade 4 do Módulo 4, "Cocaína e crack", do Curso de Capacitação em Dependência Química, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Apresenta as intervenções psicossociais, destacando a intervenção familiar na abordagem ao dependente químico


Subject(s)
Substance-Related Disorders , Mental Disorders , Chemical Compounds
15.
Cad Saude Publica ; 28(4): 678-88, 2012 Apr.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22488313

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the association between substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs) and family problems among 965 adolescents from 50 public schools in two cities in São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2007. The Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) was used for data collection. Use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs was associated with a negative assessment of the family relationship, lack of monitoring/support, and psychoactive substance use by family members (p < 0.05). Adolescents that reported having used alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs had more family problems than those who did not consume any substance (p < 0.001). Adolescents that used alcohol and tobacco (p = 0.028) and illicit drugs (p < 0.001) reported having more family problems than those who used only alcohol. The results highlight the importance of awareness of alcohol and tobacco use by adolescents, since such use was associated with significant family impairments, similar to illicit drug use.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Family Relations , Illicit Drugs , Smoking/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Adolescent , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Smoking/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires
16.
Cad. saúde pública ; 28(4): 678-688, abr. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-625466

ABSTRACT

Esta pesquisa visou a avaliar a associação entre o consumo de substâncias (álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas) e problemas familiares numa amostra de 965 adolescentes em 50 escolas públicas de dois municípios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, em 2007. Foi utilizado o Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) para a coleta de dados. O uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas foi associado à avaliação negativa da relação familiar, à falta de suporte/monitoramento e ao uso de substâncias por familiares (p < 0,05). Os estudantes que relataram ter feito uso de substâncias apresentaram mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que não consumiram nenhuma substância (p < 0,001). Os adolescentes que usaram álcool e tabaco (p = 0,028) e drogas ilícitas (p < 0,001) relataram ter mais problemas familiares do que aqueles que usaram apenas álcool. Os resultados apontam para a importância de se ficar atento ao consumo de álcool e tabaco entre os adolescentes, já que o relato do consumo das duas substâncias esteve associado a prejuízos familiares significativos, semelhantes ao uso de drogas ilícitas.


This study aimed to evaluate the association between substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs) and family problems among 965 adolescents from 50 public schools in two cities in São Paulo State, Brazil, in 2007. The Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) was used for data collection. Use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs was associated with a negative assessment of the family relationship, lack of monitoring/support, and psychoactive substance use by family members (p < 0.05). Adolescents that reported having used alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs had more family problems than those who did not consume any substance (p < 0.001). Adolescents that used alcohol and tobacco (p = 0.028) and illicit drugs (p < 0.001) reported having more family problems than those who used only alcohol. The results highlight the importance of awareness of alcohol and tobacco use by adolescents, since such use was associated with significant family impairments, similar to illicit drug use.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Family Relations , Illicit Drugs , Smoking/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Smoking/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
17.
Braz J Psychiatry ; 34(1): 16-23, 2012 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22392384

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between gender and use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years in the municipalities of Jacareí and Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 971 adolescents completed the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI). RESULTS: In our sample, 55% of adolescents were male, 33.8% reported having made use in the previous month of alcohol, 13.5% of cigarettes, and 6.4% of illicit drugs. There was no significant difference between genders in the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in any of the analysis (p > 0.05). The use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs was associated with the city, age, educational level, school failure, and relationship with parents (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Substance abuse among adolescents in our sample seems to follow the recent global trend towards the equalization of drug use between genders. This result should be taken into account by public health professionals in developing policies for this problem.


Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Smoking/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires
18.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-617124

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between gender and use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in adolescents aged 10 to 18 years in the municipalities of Jacareí and Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A total of 971 adolescents completed the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI). RESULTS: In our sample, 55 percent of adolescents were male, 33.8 percent reported having made use in the previous month of alcohol, 13.5 percent of cigarettes, and 6.4 percent of illicit drugs. There was no significant difference between genders in the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in any of the analysis (p > 0.05). The use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs was associated with the city, age, educational level, school failure, and relationship with parents (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Substance abuse among adolescents in our sample seems to follow the recent global trend towards the equalization of drug use between genders. This result should be taken into account by public health professionals in developing policies for this problem.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as associações entre gênero e uso de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas em adolescentes de 10 a 18 anos dos municípios de Jacareí e Diadema (São Paulo, Brasil). MÉTODOS: O Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI) foi respondido por 971 adolescentes. RESULTADOS: Na nossa amostra, 55 por cento eram do sexo masculino, 33,8 por cento relataram ter feito uso de bebidas alcoólicas no último mês, 13,5 por cento de cigarro e 6,4 por cento de drogas ilícitas. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa quanto ao uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas entre os gêneros em nenhuma das análises (p > 0,05). O uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas foi associado a cidade, idade, grau de escolaridade, repetência escolar, e relacionamento com os pais (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O consumo entre os adolescentes nesta amostra parece acompanhar recente tendência mundial quanto à equiparação do uso de drogas entre os gêneros. Este resultado deve ser levado em conta pelos profissionais de saúde pública na elaboração de políticas para o problema.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Smoking/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires
20.
Braz J Psychiatry ; 32 Suppl 2: S104-11, 2010 Oct.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21140070

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Substance use disorders are prevalent in emergency departments in medical and psychiatric services, reaching rates of 28% of cases in medical emergency departments. However, professionals in the emergency department identify less than 50% of cases of alcohol-related problems. This article aims to provide evidence-based interventions for the specific treatment to patients who meet diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders and who present to emergency rooms during intoxication or abstinence. METHOD: A literature review was performed on Medline database, using the descriptors "acute intoxication", "withdrawal", "alcohol", "cocaine", "cannabis", "opioid", "inhalant", "management", using English as the language. RESULTS: AND CONCLUSION: The care of persons with substance use disorders should include: comprehensive assessment (medical and psychiatric), treatment of diagnosed disorders (withdrawal, intoxication and clinical features that characterize an emergency), awareness of the patient to carry out treatment if necessary and referral.


Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , World Health Organization
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