ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented need for epidemiological monitoring using diverse strategies. We conducted a project combining prevalence, seroprevalence, and genomic surveillance approaches to describe the initial pandemic stages in Betim City, Brazil. We collected 3239 subjects in a population-based age-, sex- and neighborhood-stratified, household, prospective; cross-sectional study divided into three surveys 21 days apart sampling the same geographical area. In the first survey, overall prevalence (participants positive in serological or molecular tests) reached 0.46% (90% CI 0.12-0.80%), followed by 2.69% (90% CI 1.88-3.49%) in the second survey and 6.67% (90% CI 5.42-7.92%) in the third. The underreporting reached 11, 19.6, and 20.4 times in each survey. We observed increased odds to test positive in females compared to males (OR 1.88 95% CI 1.25-2.82), while the single best predictor for positivity was ageusia/anosmia (OR 8.12, 95% CI 4.72-13.98). Thirty-five SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced, of which 18 were classified as lineage B.1.1.28, while 17 were B.1.1.33. Multiple independent viral introductions were observed. Integration of multiple epidemiological strategies was able to adequately describe COVID-19 dispersion in the city. Presented results have helped local government authorities to guide pandemic management.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil dos idosos do Cadastro Único da Assistência Social (CADÚNICO), da Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social de Betim-MG e verificar se há diferença nas condições de vida entre ativos e não ativos inseridos no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal com base nos dados secundários obtidos no CADÚNICO no período de janeiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2011. Os idosos foram divididos em dois grupos: ativos (aqueles que recebiam o benefício) e não ativos (aqueles que, apesar de cadastrados, não o recebiam). As variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde analisadas para comparação entre os grupos foram: sexo, faixa etária, renda, raça/cor, escolaridade, estado civil, situação no mercado de trabalho, moradia e deficiência. RESULTADOS: Dos 8.555 idosos cadastrados, 14,1% eram ativos no PBF. A média de idade foi de 68 anos (mediana de 67 anos), com maior proporção de mulheres (58,0%). A mediana de distribuição da "renda" entre ativos foi de R$60,00 (Q1= R$40,00 e Q3= R$100,00) e de R$100,00 entre não ativos (Q1= R$60,00 e Q3= R$170,00). À medida que a escolaridade aumenta, menor a chance de o idoso estar ativo no PBF. Já para os idosos solteiros e divorciados, a chance de estar ativo no PBF era maior [OR 1,79 (IC 1,54-2,09); OR 1,46 (IC 1,20-1,78), respectivamente]. Sobre a presença ou ausência de deficiências, não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos. De modo geral, os idosos viviam em casa própria, construída com tijolo/alvenaria, com rede pública de água e esgoto, com iluminação própria e lixo coletado. CONCLUSÃO: O Programa Bolsa Família representa garantia necessária de renda mínima para o idoso em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Por outro lado, a comparação do perfil de idosos ativos e não ativos põe em relevo a limitação do programa, a saber, ser direcionado apenas aos mais necessitados, sendo incapaz de se estender, como direito, a todos cuja situação assim exige.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the elderly's profile in the Unified Register of Social Service (CADUNICO), of the Municipal Social Service in the city of Betim, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and assess the differences in living conditions between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP). METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on secondary data obtained in the CADUNICO from January 2004 to January 2011. The elderly were divided into two groups: beneficiaries (those who received the benefit), and non-beneficiaries (those who, although registered, did not receive it). Sociodemographic and health variables analyzed to compare the groups were: gender, age, income, race / color, educational level, marital status, situation in the labor market, housing and disability. RESULTS: Of the 8,555 registered elderly, 14.1% were active in the BFP. The average age was 68 years (median 67 years), with higher proportion of women (58.0%). The median distribution of "income" among beneficiaries was R$60.00 (Q1 = R$40.00 and Q3 = R$100.00) and R$100.00 for non-beneficiaries (Q1 = R$60.00 and Q3 = R$170.00). As education increases, the less chance of the elderly to be active in the BFP. As for the single and divorced elderly, the chance to be active in the BFP was greater [OR 1.79 (CI 1.54-2.09); OR 1.46 (CI 1.20-1.78), respectively]. On the presence or absence of failures, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In general, older people living in their own houses, built with brick / masonry, with public water and sewage, with its own lighting and garbage collected. CONCLUSION: The BFP is a necessary warranty of minimum income for socially vulnerable elderly. On the other hand, the comparison of profiles of beneficiary and non-beneficiary seniors highlights the program's limitations, namely, to be directed only to the neediest, being unable to extend, as a right, to all whose situation so requires.
