Assessing Brazilian Medical Student Awareness About Global Surgery: A Survey-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Global surgery is an interdisciplinary field that advocates for access to equitable, affordable surgical services for all people. Engaging medical students in the field can strengthen the surgical workforce in low- and middle-income countries. We aim to investigate Brazilian medical students' acknowledgment of global surgery and their preferred learning platforms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study through an anonymous Portuguese survey on Google Forms, consisting of 30 mixed multiple-choice and five-point Likert scale questions. Students enrolled in a Brazilian medical school from the second to sixth academic year fulfilled inclusion criteria. The association between qualitative variables was assessed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, or binary logistic model. RESULTS: We received 1,345 responses from 208 medical schools. Only 20.9% (282/1,345) of participants reported awareness of global surgery, who were predominantly female. 96.5% (1,298/1,345) declared interest in knowing more about global surgery and participants indicated social media (71.6%, 202/282) as the prevalent manner to gain awareness on it, followed by webinars (63.5%, 179/282). Extracurricular classes were the most preferable option among students (61.4%, 827/1,345) to get acquainted with the field, followed by internships (59.4%, 812/1,345), workshops (57%, 767/1,345), and social media (53.4%, 730/1,345). The main obstacles to pursue a global surgery career were lack of national opportunities (32%, 431/1,345) and adequate training (25.4%, 341/1,345). CONCLUSION: We outlined the most strategic pathways to raising awareness on global surgery among Brazilian medical students, providing relevant insights on its education in similar settings.

Nutrient intake, anthropometric data and correlations with the systemic antioxidant capacity of women with pelvic endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease of uncertain etiology. There is currently insufficient evidence to assess the participation of nutritional and anthropometric aspects and their association with systemic oxidative stress. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-five women with endometriosis and twenty controls were selected and evaluated to determine calorie and nutrient intake, to obtain data on body composition and analyze antioxidant capacity by measuring total serum thiol levels using DTNB (5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). RESULTS: Mean total daily calorie intake in the women in the endometriosis group was significantly higher than that of the women in the control group (p=0.005). With respect to nutrient intake, the only statistically significant difference found referred to a higher intake of fiber in the endometriosis group and of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nutrient intake by the women in the endometriosis group was similar to that of women in the control group, the only differences being a higher intake of fiber in the endometriosis group and of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the control group. Antioxidant capacity was lower in the women with endometriosis but there was no correlation with nutrient intake or overweight.

Depressive symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life in women with pelvic endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess depressive symptoms, anxiety and quality of life in women with pelvic endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of 104 women diagnosed with pelvic endometriosis. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms; the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) to evaluate anxiety symptoms; and the short (26-item) version of the World Health Organization Quality Of Life instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) to evaluate quality of life. RESULTS: Of the patients evaluated, 86.5% presented depressive symptoms (mild in 22.1%, moderate in 31.7%, and severe in 32.7%) and 87.5% presented anxiety (minor in 24% and major in 63.5%). Quality of life was found to be substandard. Age correlated positively with depressive symptoms, as determined using the BDI (P=0.013) and HAM-D (P=0.037). There was a positive correlation between current pain intensity and anxiety symptoms, as assessed using the STAI (state, P=0.009; trait, P=0.048) and HAM-A (P=0.0001). The complaints related to physical limitations increased in parallel with the intensity of pain (P=0.017). There was an inverse correlation between duration of treatment and quality of life (P=0.017). There was no correlation between psychiatric symptoms and endometriosis stage. CONCLUSIONS: A rational approach to endometriosis should include an evaluation of the emotional profile and quality of life. That approach would certainly reduce the functional damage caused by the endometriosis.

Lipid peroxidation in the peritoneal fluid of infertile women with peritoneal endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of lipid peroxidation in the peritoneal fluid of infertile women with peritoneal endometriosis and of fertile disease-free controls. STUDY DESIGN: Level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdeyde, malondialdeyde with copper addition, and cholest-3,5-dien-7-one) was measured in the peritoneal fluid obtained from 21 women with endometriosis-related infertility and from 21 fertile women having tubal ligation. RESULTS: : The level of lipid peroxidation did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) according to the stage of endometriosis. The level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdeyde, malondialdeyde with the addition of copper, and cholest-3,5-dien-7-one) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between patients with endometriosis-related infertility (0.07 nmol/ml, 0.34 nmol/ml, 0.24 microg/ml, respectively) and disease-free controls (0.04 nmol/ml, 0.21 nmol/ml, 0.25 microg/ml, respectively). CONCLUSION: The level of lipid peroxidation did not differ between women with endometriosis-related infertility and fertile disease-free controls, suggesting that increased reactive oxygen species may not be one of the factors responsible for compromised fertility in patients with endometriosis.