Propuesta de cesación del tabaco para la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) en Chile, bajo un enfoque costo-beneficio / Smoking cessation proposal for Primary Health Care (PHC) in Chile, under a cost-benefit approach

Objetivo. El propósito de esta investigación fue realizar una evaluación económica costo-beneficio ex ante (evaluación previa) de un programa piloto integral de prevención y tratamiento de cesación tabáquica en los centros de salud familiar (CESFAM) de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) de la comuna de Peñalolén, ubicada en el área oriente de Santiago de Chile. Pacientes y método. El estudio corresponde a la evaluación económica del programa piloto integral de prevención y cesación tabáquica, considerando los costos y beneficios que generará el programa, contra la realidad actual de ausencia de programa de cesación tabáquica, incluyéndose a 100 adultos de ambos sexos de 25 a 65 años. Los cálculos se realizaron en un horizonte temporal de 33,77 años con una abstinencia esperada del 30%. Se consideró como costes el uso de espacios en los recintos de salud, gestión del programa, capacitación universal, selectiva e intensiva a los funcionarios de los centros de salud, así como, medicamentos y honorarios profesionales de médicos, psicólogos, kinesiólogos y nutricionistas más utilización de plataforma on-line y aplicaciones en móviles. Resultados. La evaluación social del Programa fue positiva, obteniendo un valor actual neto (VAN) social de 1.113.304 Euros. La sociedad se beneficia con un ahorro de 2.226.873 Euros, siendo el ahorro en gasto de tabaco para los abstinentes, el mayor componente 1.235.978 Euros. Este Programa tiene un beneficio-coste de 14,34, es decir, por cada 1 Euros invertido en el programa se ahorran 4,16 Euros en el sistema de salud y un ahorro personal de 7,96 Euros. Conclusiones. La evaluación económica costo-beneficio del 'Programa de Prevención y Tratamiento Integral de Tabaquismo RespiraLibre' demuestra que este logra liberar recursos en el sistema de salud, en la productividad de las empresas y produce un importante ahorro a quienes dejan de fumar. Sería una ganancia para la comunidad y la red asistencial, al optimizar su uso. Esta investigación aporta evidencia para la realización y posterior expansión de esta estrategia de cesación en la APS en Chile (AU)

Objective. The purpose of the research was to make an ex ante cost-benefit economic evaluation of a comprehensive pilot program of prevention and treatment of smoking cessation in the family health centers (CESFAM) of the Primary Health Care (PHC) of the Peñalolen district, located in the East area of Santiago de Chile. Patients and method. The study corresponds to the economic evaluation of the comprehensive pilot program of smoking prevention and cessation, considering the costs and benefits that the program will generate compared to the current reality of an absence of a smoking cessation program. It includes 100 adults of both genders, aged 25 to 65 years. The calculations were performed in a time frame of 33.77 years with expected abstinence of 30%. Costs were considered as the use of spaces in the health care premises, program management, universal, selective and intensive training of the public employees of the health care centers as well as medications and professional fees of the physicians, psychologists, kinesiologists, and nutritionists used most of the on-line platform and cell phone applications. Results. The social evaluation of the Program was positive, obtaining a social net present value (NPS) of 1,113,304 Euros. The society benefits with a savings of 2,226,873 Euros, the savings being in costs of tobacco for the abstinent, the largest component being 1,235,978 Euros. This program has a cost-benefit of 14.34, that is for every 1 Euros invested in the program, 4.16 Euros was saved in the health care system and a personal savings of 7,96 Euros. Conclusions. The cost-benefit economic evaluation of the 'Comprehensive smoking prevention and Treatment RespiraLibre Program' shows that this is successful in freeing resources in the health care system, in the productivity of companies and produces a significant savings for those who quit smoking. It would be a gain for the community and care network, by optimizing its use. This research provides evidence for the performance and subsequent expansion of this cessation strategy in the PHC in Chile (AU)

[Prevalence of asthma in Chilean students. Descriptive study of 24,470 children. ISAAC-Chile]. / Prevalencia del asma en escolares chilenos. Estudio descriptivo de 24.470 niños. ISAAC-Chile.

BACKGROUND: There is little information about the prevalence of asthma in Latin American children. AIM: To determine the prevalence of asthma among Chilean school age children. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms related to asthma in schoolchildren aged 7 and 13 years, coming from South Santiago, Central Santiago, Valdivia and Punta Arenas, was determined using the methodology of the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISMC). A random sample of school children aged 6-7 and 13-14 years from each locality was selected. This resulted in 24)470 surveyed children (11,723 aged 6-7 years and 12,747 aged 13-14 years). RESULTS: The current prevalence of wheezing ("wheezing in the last 12 months") ranged from 16.5% to 20.0% in children aged 67 years, and from 6.8% to 11.7% in children aged 13-14 years. The cumulative prevalence of asthma ("asthma ever"), ranged from 9.7% and 16.5% in the 6-7 years group and from 7.3% to 12.4% in those aged 13-14 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study found much higher figures for prevalence of respiratory symptoms related to asthma in school children than those previously reported in this country, with a significant variability between centers (p < 0.05). The prevalence of asthma in Chilean schoolchildren is as high and variable as that reported in industrialized countries.

[Rett syndrome]. / Síndrome de Rett.

The case of a girl carrier of the Rett syndrome is presented. During the first year of life general growth and psychomotor development were normal. Afterwards progressive neurological and mental impairment, loss of ability for the intentional use of hands together with stereotyped movements were seen. At the same time autistic behaviour, progressively abnormal EEG and microcephalia as well as bruxism were evident. Clinical diagnosis was done according to internationally accepted criteria.