Changes in the potential distribution of the guava fruit fly Anastrepha striata (Diptera, Tephritidae) under current and possible future climate scenarios in Colombia.

Climate change has affected the geographical distributions of most species worldwide; in particular, insects of economic importance inhabiting tropical regions have been impacted. Current and future predictions of change in geographic distribution are frequently included in species distribution models (SDMs). The potential spatial distributions of the fruit fly Anastrepha striata Schiner, the main species of agricultural importance in guava crops, under current and possible future scenarios in Colombia were modeled, and the establishment risk was assessed for each guava-producing municipality in the country. SDMs were developed using 221 geographical records in conjunction with nine scenopoetic variables. The model for current climate conditions indicated an extensive suitable area for the establishment of A. striata in the Andean region, smaller areas in the Caribbean and Pacific, and almost no areas in the Orinoquia and Amazonian regions. A brief discussion regarding the area's suitability for the fly is offered. According to the results, altitude is one of the main factors that direct the distribution of A. striata in the tropics. The Colombian guava-producing municipalities were classified according to the degree of vulnerability to fly establishment as follows: 42 were high risk, 16 were intermediate risk, and 17 were low risk. The implementation of future integrated management plans must include optimal spatial data and must consider environmental aspects, such as those suggested by the models presented here. Control decisions should aim to mitigate the positive relationship between global warming and the increase in the dispersal area of the fruit fly.

Hypomineralisation of second primary molars and primary canines: Prevalence and description of lesions in a population of 153 patients visited at a hospital paediatric dentistry service.

AIM: The enamel defects of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) share clinical characteristics with hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) and hypomineralised primary canines (HPC). The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of these entities in a population of patients in a hospital dentistry service. The secondary objectives are to know the number and distribution of lesions, classify them according to their degree of severity and to know which dental surfaces are most affected. METHODS: A cross-sectional and observational prevalence study was carried out over a 32-day period, guided by the diagnostic criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) together with the descriptive study of the lesions. Healthy patients between 30-42 months and who had all erupted teeth were included. RESULTS: Out of a total of 153 patients, 29 presented HSPM (18.95%) and 17 HPC (11.11%). Check-ups were made on 116 second primary molars (SPM) and 116 primary canines (PC), obtaining 81 HSPM (69.82%) and 31 HPC (26.72%). The lesions observed were mild in 60 molars (74.07%) and in 27 canines (87.09%). As for the 405 surfaces checked, 168 showed HSPM (41.48%) and 43 HPC (10.61%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HSPM and HPC varies depending on the population studied. It was observed that SPM were affected more often than PC, with the occlusal and buccal surfaces being the most affected, and the majority of the lesions presenting a low degree of severity.

Probiotics diminish the post-operatory pain following mandibular third molar extraction: a randomised double-blind controlled trial (pilot study).

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a probiotic in preventing infections after third molar surgery. Thirty-eight patients were consecutively enrolled to a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Patients were asked to take one tablet two times a day containing a mixture of Levilactobacillus brevis CECT7480 (KABP-052) and Lactoplantibacillus plantarum CECT7481 (KABP-051) or placebo for the first post-intervention week. The primary outcome was the postoperative infection rate. Secondary outcomes included swelling, eating difficulties and postoperative pain recorded by the patient using a visual analogue scale (VAS) during the first postoperative week. No statistically significant difference in the infection rate between the groups was found; with only three cases of infections reported (one in the probiotic group and two in the placebo group) on the first week. Compared to placebo, treatment with the probiotic showed a significantly higher reduction in pain and eating difficulties scores at 5, 6 and 7 days post-surgery. Swelling values were not significantly different between the groups at any time point. The findings of this pilot study justify a larger study to clarify the possible role of these bacterial strains on the post-operative pain management following third molar surgery.

Life History of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), a Blowfly of Medical and Forensic Importance.

The life history traits of blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) was studied under semi-controlled laboratory conditions at 29.14°C temperature, 72.53% relative humidity, and 12-h photoperiod. The raw data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table, considering the development rates among individuals of both sexes. Cochliomyia macellaria survival rate was 0.43 (♂) and 0.40 (♀), while life expectancy was 17.9 (♂) and 20.9 (♀) days, for adult males and females, respectively. The total fecundity was 681.15 eggs/female, with an average of 3.65 batches/female and 199 eggs/batch. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.327 days-1, the finite rate of population increase (λ) was 3.35 days-1, the mean generation time (T) was 17.15 days, and the net reproduction rate (R 0 ) was 272.46 offspring/individual. The population parameters found here corroborates that C. macellaria population act as a r selected species under laboratory conditions. Additionally, development data and accumulated degree days (ADD) for each stage of C. macellaria are provided and its implications for the forensic use are discussed.

The prevalence of ankyloglossia in 302 newborns with breastfeeding problems and sucking difficulties in Barcelona: a descriptive study.

AIM: Oral and maxillofacial development is influenced by the lingual frenulum and also affects breathing, occlusion, sucking, swallowing, speech, among others. Ankyloglossia in the newborn may result in breastfeeding difficulties: maternal nipple pain and/or erosion or mastitis, poor weight gain and excessively long breastfeeds. The main objective of this work is to study the prevalence of ankyloglossia in newborns with breastfeeding difficulties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a transversal descriptive study of 302 patients, between 0 and 6 months, who attended the hospital as a result of breastfeeding difficulties. All patients with sucking problems and ankyloglossia were included in this study and followed the multidisciplinary treatment protocol made up of the services of Breastfeeding, Speech Therapy and Orofacial Rehabilitation and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. RESULTS: 1,102 newborns were seen at the paediatric service of Hospital de Nens, Barcelona (Spain) during 2 years; 302 had breastfeeding difficulties and of these, 171 were diagnosed with ankyloglossia (60 girls and 111 boys). Coryllos Grade 3 ankyloglossia was the most prevalent (59.6%) type; 85 infants (49.7%) were exclusively breastfed and 26 (50.35%) were mixed fed (formula and breastfeeding). Only 43 patients had a family history of tongue-tie (25.1%). CONCLUSION: Ankyloglossia linked to breastfeeding difficulties must be treated by a multidisciplinary team. We have found a high prevalence of the condition since the population studied are newborns with sucking problems. If a frenotomy is necessary, we recommend stimulating suction with myofunctional therapy before and after surgery to avoid scar retraction.

Unusual transalveolar and transmuco-gingival root avulsion of a fractured primary central incisor: a case with an 8-year follow-up.

The purpose of this unique case report is to describe a very unusual dentoalveolar fracture associated with avulsion of the near-complete root. A 3-year-old male patient came for consultation after a dentoalveolar trauma with a "fragment that looks like canine" found in his mouth by his mother. This boy suffered root fracture of the upper primary central right incisor, accompanied by transalveolar and transmuco-gingival avulsion of the tooth root fragment, leaving the crown in its position in the dental arch. Clinical and radiological examinations were performed in order to follow up the case: 15 days, one month, and three months after trauma, the crown had a slight mobility without other clinical or radiological signs. After six months, the upper primary central right incisor's crown was exfoliated. Open bite due to the persistence of the pacifier habit favored the crown retention in the mouth. This case emphasizes the importance of primary diagnosis and follow-up of trauma cases. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of dental injury has not been previously described in the literature nor in the current Dental Trauma guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition.

Study of the frequency, localisation and morphology of supernumerary teeth in 1960 Spanish non-syndromic paediatric patients.

AIM: The main objective was to study supernumerary teeth diagnosed during the routine checkups at the Paediatric Dentistry Service of Hospital de Nens, Barcelona (Spain), for four months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A transversal, descriptive study, was performed in 1,960 patients, aged 1 to 17 years, visited during routine oral checkups. An intraoral exploration (with intraoral mirror and probe) was performed to all patients, and subjects older than 5 years also underwent panoramic x-ray examination. RESULTS: A total of 33 patients showed supernumerary teeth (1.68%), 22 boys and 11 girls. A total of 10 patients (8 boys/2 girls) had supernumerary teeth in the temporary dentition, 20 patients (12 boys/8 girls) in the permanent dentition and 3 patients (2 boys/1girls) in both temporary and permanent dentition. A total of 46 supernumerary teeth were diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Any alteration in the number of teeth in patients younger than 5 years are difficult to diagnose, as x-rays are usually not taken. We believe that starting at 5 years old, a radiological exploration (panoramic x-ray) has to be carried out as a complement to the clinical examination.

Comparative study between the interaction of dephosphorylated amifostine (WR-1065) and amoxicilline with pBR322 in absence and presence of cisplatin by AFM.

The effect of the amoxicilline as a possible cisplatin-action protector on pBR322 DNA has been visually studied by atomic force microscopy in comparison with the modifications caused by the controversed cisplatin protector amifostine. Incubation of amoxicilline with the plasmid DNA showed aggregation and compaction of DNA. Cisplatin incubated in the same conditions with DNA produced kinks and super-coiling of the circular form. In the case of previous treatment of DNA with amoxicilline, the characteristic effect of cisplatin is only partially observed. The amoxicilline seemed to control the action of cisplatin on DNA. The initial effect of dephosphorylated amifostine (WR-1065) when this protector was incubated with the plasmid was also the formation of aggregates and the compaction of DNA. However, addition of cisplatin successively after 1 and 2 h showed the characteristic modification caused by cisplatin but only in a decreasing percentage of molecules of DNA. Both molecules, amoxicilline and WR-1065 seem to control the strong direct action of cisplatin on DNA. This effect can justify the role as protecting agent of amifostine on side effects caused by cisplatin and can open new possibilities to other agents like amoxicilline.

Sedación terminal: el último recurso ante una "mala muerte" / Terminal sedation: the last resort to avoid a bad death

OBJETIVOS: Una "mala muerte" es siempre una emergencia médica, y la asistencia al moribundo una obligación clínica ineludible. Nuestro propósito claro fue demostrar empíricamente que esto es posible en el ámbito clínico de un hospital general. MÉTODO: Investigación clínica observacional y prospectiva, que describe los efectos de la intervención clínica "sedación terminal" en una serie de pacientes asistidos y en tiempo real. RESULTADOS: Un total de 36 enfermos moribundos (20 varones [55,5 por ciento] y 16 mujeres [44,6 por ciento], con una edad media ñ desviación estándar [DE] de 70,47 ñ 13,7 años), que presentaban una diversidad de afecciones médicas avanzadas e irreversibles (fallo respiratorio, 30 por ciento; neoplasia extensa, 23,3 por ciento; fallo cardíaco, 11 por ciento; fallo renal, 11,6 por ciento, etc.), recibieron como intervención de sedación, destinada a superar el último y extremo sufrimiento, uno de los siguientes fármacos por vía parenteral: propofol (5 pacientes [13 por ciento], con un rango de dosis de 8-480 mg; dosis media, 164 mg), midazolam (13 pacientes [36,1 por ciento], 2-100 mg; dosis media, 19,6 mg) y/o cloruro mórfico (23 pacientes [64 por ciento], 5-600 mg; dosis media, 156 mg).Todos los pacientes contaron con garantías sistemáticas, que incluyeron tanto el consentimiento informado (autonomía) como la proporcionalidad, la segunda opinión y un registro sistemático documentado según el protocolo escrito. Se obtuvo el consentimiento de 25 (69,4 por ciento) pacientes a través de un familiar de primer grado, 8 (22,2 por ciento) mediante directiva verbal avanzada, y 3 (8,3 por ciento) directamente por el propio paciente aún lúcido.El intervalo desde el inicio de la sedación y la muerte fue (media ñ DE) de 39,56 ñ 17,32 h. La moda fue de 12 h, la mediana de 22,5 h, y el rango de 1-216 h. En todos los casos se alcanzó el bienestar necesario. CONCLUSIONES: La asistencia que han recibido los pacientes de nuestro estudio facilitó el derecho a no sufrir inútilmente, y lo hemos probado empíricamente en el ámbito de un hospital general. Sugerimos que éste es un objetivo alcanzable y digno del mayor respeto, algo sustantivo, no propiamente retórico (AU)

Comparative study of the interactions AMP-phosphorylase b and AMP analogues-phosphorylase b.

The different effects induced by AMP and its analogues on the tertiary structure and the coenzyme environment of phosphorylase b were studied by titration of the slowly reacting thiol groups and by quenching of the coenzyme fluorescence, respectively, to determine the possible differences that activate phosphorylase b. The following results were obtained: The coenzyme environment depends upon the nucleotide studied. AMP, when bound to its first site, opens the coenzyme pocket. The slow cysteines were shielded by the nucleotides against their DTNB titration depending on the nucleotide studied. The enzyme difference spectra in presence of the nucleotide showed that the negative band of 260 nm is similar for all nucleotides possessing the same base, but the positive band obtained in the presence of AMP was diminished when other nucleotides were present.