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1.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 24(1): 1-23, 22/12/2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427366

ABSTRACT

Phonological awareness is a very important skill for performance in reading, writing and mathematics, suggesting that it is monitored and evaluated preferably during preschool as a form of early intervention to prevent learning disabilities after formal education. However, for its assessment it is necessary to have qualified instruments and in Mozambique there is none that assesses this skill. Therefore, this study aimed to culturally adapt the Phonological Awareness Test by Oral production to the Mozambican context and was carried out in two phases: semantic equivalence and content validation. The Content Validity Index was 0.96, although it is considered excellent, further studies need to be carried out to verify other parameters of validity, reliability and standardization. It is expected that the instrument contributes to evaluation and that above all, the skill is part of the activities of stimulation and intervention in preschoolers.


A consciência fonológica é uma habilidade muito importante para o desempenho em leitura, escrita e matemática, sugerindo-se que seja monitorada e avaliada preferencialmente durante a pré-escola como forma de intervenção precoce para prevenção de dificuldades de aprendizagem após o ensino formal. Contudo, para sua avaliação é necessário ter instrumentos qualificados e em Moçambique não existe nenhum que avalia esta habilidade. Portanto, este estudo teve objetivo de realizar adaptação cultural da Prova de Consciência Fonológica por produção Oral para o contexto moçambicano e foi realizado em duas fases: equivalência semântica e validação de conteúdo. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi de 0,96, embora seja considerado ótimo, estudos posteriores precisam ser realizados para verificar outros parâmetros de validade, fidedignidade e normatização. Espera-se que o instrumento contribua para avaliação e que acima de tudo a habilidade faça parte das atividades de estimulação e intervenção em pré-escolares.


La conciencia fonológica es una habilidad muy importante para el desempeño en lectura, escritura y matemáticas, lo que sugiere que se monitorea y evalúa preferiblemente durante el preescolar como una forma de intervención temprana para prevenir dificultades de aprendizaje después de la educación formal. Sin embargo, para su evaluación es necesario contar con instrumentos calificados y en Mozambique no hay ninguno que evalúe esta habilidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar culturalmente el Test de Conciencia Fonológica por Producción Oral al contexto de Mozambique y se llevó a cabo en dos fases: equivalencia semántica y validación de contenido. El Índice de Validez de Contenido fue de 0.96, aunque se considera excelente, es necesario realizar más estudios para verificar otros parámetros de validez, confiabilidad y estandarización. Se espera que el instrumento contribuya a la evaluación y que sobre todo, la habilidad sea parte de las actividades de estimulación e intervención en preescolares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool
2.
Distúrb. comun ; 34(2): e55697, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1396785

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A consciência fonológica é uma habilidade muito importante para leitura, escrita e matemática em muitos anos escolares. A sua investigação e avaliação tem sido realizada em diversos contextos com populações típicas ou atípicas para entender como ela se desenvolve e, consequentemente, contribuir para pesquisas sobre desempenho acadêmico. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho éestudar a influência da consciência fonológica no desempenho acadêmico em estudos brasileiros e apresentar os principais instrumentos padronizados utilizados na avaliação desta habilidade. Métodos: Realizou-se busca de artigos dos últimos cinco anos, nas bases de dados LILACS e SciELO usando descritores em português: "consciência fonológica" e "leitura" ou "escrita" ou "matemática" ou "desempenho acadêmico" ou "habilidade acadêmica", assim como descritores em inglês usando mesmas expressões. Foram selecionados estudos de acesso livre, realizados no Brasil, publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol, que utilizaram um instrumento padronizado e apresentaram os descritores mencionados no título ou resumo. Resultados: Dos 18 artigos analisados, 17 concluíram que a consciência fonológica foi importante para a leitura, escrita e matemática, sendo que a leitura e escrita foram as habilidades mais investigadas. Os instrumentos usados avaliam principais componentes da consciência fonológica e foram desenvolvidos por autores brasileiros. Conclusão: Os achados evidenciam que a consciência fonológica é uma habilidade muito importante para o desempenho acadêmico em diversas séries escolares. Reforça-se a necessidade de monitoramento, avaliação e estimulação precoce com a habilidade em crianças típicas e atípicas.


Introduction: Phonological awareness is a very important skill for reading, writing and math in many school years. Its investigation and evaluation has been carried out in different contexts with typical or atypical populations to understand how it develops and consequently contribute to research on academic performance. Objective: The aim of this paper is to study the influence of phonological awareness on academic performance in Brazilian studies and to present the main standardized instruments used in the assessment to this skill. Methods: Articles from the last five years were searched in LILACS and SciELO databases using descriptors in English: "phonological awareness" and "reading" or "writing" or "mathematics" or "academic performance" or "academic ability", as well as descriptors in Portuguese using the same expressions. Open access studies carried out in Brazil, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, which used a standardized instrument and presented the descriptors mentioned in the title or abstract, were selected. Results: Of the 18 articles analyzed, 17 concluded that phonological awareness was important for reading, writing and mathematics, with reading and writing being the most investigated skills. The instruments used assess the main components of phonological awareness and were developed by Brazilian authors. Conclusion: The findings show that phonological awareness is a very important skill for academic performance in different grades. It reinforces the need for monitoring, assessment, and early intervention with skill in typical and atypical children.


Introducción: La conciencia fonológica es una habilidad muy importante para la lectura, la escritura y las matemáticas en muchos años escolares. Su investigación y evaluación se ha realizado en diferentes contextos con poblaciones típicas o atípicas para comprender cómo se desarrolla y consecuentemente contribuir a la investigación sobre el rendimiento académico. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la influencia de la conciencia fonológica en el rendimiento académico en los estudios brasileños y presentar los principales instrumentos estandarizados utilizados en la evaluación de esta competencia. Métodos: Se buscaron artículos de los últimos cinco años en las bases de datos LILACS y SciELO utilizando descriptores en portugués: "consciência fonológica" e "leitura" ou "escrita" ou "matemática" ou "desempenho acadêmico" ou "habilidade acadêmica", así como descriptores en Inglés usando las mismas expresiones. Se seleccionaron estudios de acceso abierto realizados en Brasil, publicados en portugués, inglés o español, que utilizaron un instrumento estandarizado y presentaron los descriptores mencionados en el título o resumen. Resultados: De los 18 artículos analizados, 17 concluyeron que la conciencia fonológica es importante para la lectura, la escritura y las matemáticas, siendo la lectura y la escritura las habilidades más investigadas. Los instrumentos utilizados evalúan los principales componentes de la conciencia fonológica y fueron desarrollados por autores brasileños. Conclusión: Los hallazgos muestran que la conciencia fonológica es una habilidad muy importante para el desempeño académico en los diferentes grados. Refuerza la necesidad de seguimiento, evaluación e intervención temprana con habilidad en niños típicos y atípicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Aptitude , Awareness , Academic Performance , Language Development , Reading , Phonetics , Handwriting , Mathematics
5.
Rev. Pesqui. Fisioter ; 10(3): 520-528, ago.2020. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1224195

ABSTRACT

O envelhecimento gera diversas alterações biológicas que dão origens a condições de saúde como a Doença de Alzheimer (DA) que pode prejudicar a funcionalidade dos idosos. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito de um programa de exercícios fisioterapêuticos sobre a saúde dos idosos com DA. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal, em idosos com DA frequentadores de um Centro-Dia. Os participantes foram selecionados por meio de características demográficos e condições de saúde. Para análise das variáveis de desfecho foram avaliados pré e pós intervenção com os testes: Timed Up and Go (TUG), Caixa e Blocos, Escala de Berg e Alcance funcional em pé e sentado. Em seguida foram submetidos a um protocolo de intervenção em grupo dividido em três fases: fase preparatória, fase ativa e fase de desaquecimento. Utilizou-se para análise estatística o Teste T-Student Pareado e a correlação de Pearson. Foi estabelecido Intervalo de Confiança (IC) e p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 28 sessões com 11 idosas, com idade média de 88 (± 4) anos, frequência semanal no Centro Dia de 4 (± 1) vezes e pontuação média no MEEM de 12 (± 5). Obtiveram significância estatística no teste Alcance Sentado pré 22,3 (±10,4) e pós 28,2 (±9,0), com p = 0,003 e, no teste de TUG pré 16,9 (±5,8) e pós 2,5 (± 3,9), com p = 0,009. Além disso, o teste Berg e TUG apresentaram correlação negativa, classificada como boa p= 0,020. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo proposto contribuiu para melhora na saúde funcional observadas no aumento do alcance funcional e da mobilidade das idosas.


Aging generates several biological changes that give rise to diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) that can result in the functionality of the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of a physical therapy exercise program on the health of elderly people with AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was carried out in elderly people with AD who attended a Day Care Center. Participants were selected using demographic characteristics and health conditions. For the analysis of the outcome variables, the pre and post intervention were evaluated with the tests: Timed Up and Go (TUG), Box and Blocks, Berg Scale and Functional reach in standing and sitting. Then they underwent a group intervention protocol divided into three phases: the preparatory phase, the active phase and the cooling down phase. Paired T-Student Test and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. Confidence Interval (CI) was established and p <0.05. RESULTS: We performed 28 sessions, with 11 elderly women, mean age of 88 (± 4) years, weekly attendance at the Center on Day 4 (± 1) times and mean score on the MMSE of 12 (± 5). They obtained statistical significance in the Seated Reach test pre 22.3 (± 10.4) and post 28.2 (± 9.0), with p = 0.003 and, in the TUG test pre 16.9 (± 5.8) and powders 2.5 (± 3.9), with p = 0.009. In addition, the Berg and TUG test showed a negative correlation, classified as good p = 0.020. CONCLUSION: The proposed protocol contributed to the improvement in functional health observed in the increase in the functional range and mobility of the elderly.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease , Aged , Physical Therapy Modalities
6.
Preprint in English | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-806

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges and the need for adaptation on several fronts. Updating the ways of working is necessary and promoting education and care in the health sector in line with the 21st century is essential. In addition to undergraduate students training in Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) field, based on the necessary opportunities for practical experience with patients during undergraduation, a significant portion of the population is attended by school clinics linked to universities and training centers, which work in conjunction with public health services. In this text we will bring some reflections on the relevance of using telehealth technologies for speech therapists training, considering the articulation between national curricular guidelines, professional training and ethical aspects.


A pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe desafios e necessidade de adaptação em diversas frentes. A atualização das formas de trabalho é necessária e promover ensino e atendimento no setor saúde condizentes com o século XXI é fundamental. Não estamos apenas tratando da formação de graduandos na área de Fonoaudiologia, mas do atendimento clínico a uma parcela significativa da população que depende dos serviços de clínicas-escola vinculadas às universidades e centros de formação em nossa profissão.Neste texto traremos algumas reflexões sobre a relevância do uso das tecnologias de telessaúde para a formação de fonoaudiólogos, considerando a articulação entre as diretrizes curriculares nacionais, a formação profissional e aspectos éticos.

7.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 19(3): 23-32, dez. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-895905

ABSTRACT

Escalas e instrumentos de triagem padronizados vêm se mostrando ferramentas úteis e necessárias. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se o Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) é eficaz para rastrear alterações cognitivas em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA), e se existem diferenças entre as respostas dadas pelos cuidadores e terapeutas da criança. Foi utilizado o teste ASQ-3 "Resolução de Problema", com perguntas sobre habilidades cognitivas. Os participantes foram 14 sujeitos, dos gêneros feminino e masculino e idade entre 48 e 71 meses, com diagnóstico de TEA. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e estatística dos dados e não foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre grupos. O ASQ foi capaz de identificar as crianças com comprometimento cognitivo e mostrou-se ser um instrumento de fácil aplicação, rápido no preenchimento e com baixo custo, atributos ideais para uma ferramenta de avaliação em cuidados de saúde primários.


Standardized screening and assessment instruments have been shown to be useful and necessary tools for making appropriate referrals for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the "Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) is an effective tool for screening cognitive impairment among children with ASD and whether there was a significant difference between the answers provided by parents/guardians and therapists. The ASQ 3 (Problem Solving), which comprises questions regarding cognitive skills, was used. The sample comprised 14 male and female children aged between 24 and 71 months diagnosed with ASD. The descriptive and statistical analysis was conducted and no significant differences between groups were identified. The ASQ was able to identify children with cognitive impairment and was shown to be a quick, low-cost, and easy-to-use tool. These are considered features of an ideal questionnaire for use as a screening instrument in a primary health care setting.


Escalas y instrumentos de selección estandarizados se han demonstrado hierramientas útiles y necesarias para diagnóstico. El objectivo del estudio fue verificar si el teste Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) és eficaz para mapear alteraciones cognitivas en niños con Transtornos del Espectro del Autismo (TEA), y también si hay importantes diferencias en las respuestas de los responsables legales de los niños y las respuestas de las terapeutas. Fue utilizado el teste ASQ-3 "Resolución de problema". Fueran estudiados 14 indíviduos, de los dos gêneros, en el grupo de edad entre los 48 y 71 meses con diagonóstico del TEA. Fue hecha la analysis descritiva y estatistica de los datos y fue capable de de identificar los niños que apresentan alteraciones cognitivas. ASQ se mostró un instrumento de fácil aplicación, rápido y poco costoso, características consideradas ideales para que sea un instrumento de selección a se utilizar en la Atención Básica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Occupational Therapists , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
8.
Cien Saude Colet ; 21(10): 3297-3302, 2016 Oct.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27783802

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to present an overview of recent national and international research on the Zika virus (ZIKV), as well as to explore possible action plans focused on children, their families and the health teams involved.Therefore, the study proposes the implementation of tracking systems in order to identify, describe and characterize the potential correlates of prenatal exposure to ZIKV, divided into three lines of action: 1. Diagnostic and etiological evaluation as well as screening of developmental problems in children confirmed or suspected of prenatal ZIKV infection. 2. Investigation of the emotional impact, quality of life, coping strategies and support network of the affected children and their families. 3. Training of multidisciplinary teams to conduct assessments and intervention programs throughout these children's development, especially in the first three years of life. In conclusion, the recent ZIKV outbreak in Brazil and several other Latin American countries places a significant burden on the health care systems: to understand the real meaning of a potential new teratogen; to unravel the pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV, particularly in a prevention perspective; and to recognize the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in order to devise intervention programs.


Subject(s)
Attitude to Health , Microcephaly/virology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Child , Family , Health Personnel , Humans
9.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 21(10): 3297-3302, Out. 2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-797034

ABSTRACT

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou apresentar um panorama nacional e internacional atual dos estudos sobre o vírus Zika (ZIKV) e, ancorado no avanço deste conhecimento, refletir sobre planos de ação voltados para as crianças, famílias e equipes de saúde envolvidas. Neste sentido, o estudo propôs a implementação de sistemas de seguimento para conhecer, descrever e caracterizar aspectos que devem estar relacionados à exposição pré-natal ao ZIKV, divididos em três eixos de atuação: 1. Avaliação diagnóstica e etiológica e rastreamento de problemas de desenvolvimento nas crianças incluídas como casos confirmados ou suspeitos. 2. Investigação do impacto emocional, da qualidade de vida, das estratégias de enfrentamento e da rede de apoio às famílias das crianças incluídas. 3. Capacitação de equipes multiprofissionais para avaliar e elaborar programas de intervenção ao longo do desenvolvimento das crianças, principalmente nos três primeiros anos de vida. Como conclusão, o presente trabalho ressalta que o sistema de assistência à saúde encontra-se diante de grandes desafios: entender o real significado de um potencial novo teratógeno; desvendar os mecanismos patogênicos do ZIKV, principalmente para o enfrentamento preventivo, e reconhecer o amplo espectro de manifestações clínicas para a elaboração de programas de intervenção.


Abstract The present study aimed to present an overview of recent national and international research on the Zika virus (ZIKV), as well as to explore possible action plans focused on children, their families and the health teams involved.Therefore, the study proposes the implementation of tracking systems in order to identify, describe and characterize the potential correlates of prenatal exposure to ZIKV, divided into three lines of action: 1. Diagnostic and etiological evaluation as well as screening of developmental problems in children confirmed or suspected of prenatal ZIKV infection. 2. Investigation of the emotional impact, quality of life, coping strategies and support network of the affected children and their families. 3. Training of multidisciplinary teams to conduct assessments and intervention programs throughout these children’s development, especially in the first three years of life. In conclusion, the recent ZIKV outbreak in Brazil and several other Latin American countries places a significant burden on the health care systems: to understand the real meaning of a potential new teratogen; to unravel the pathogenic mechanisms of ZIKV, particularly in a prevention perspective; and to recognize the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in order to devise intervention programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Attitude to Health , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Microcephaly/virology , Family , Health Personnel
10.
J Telemed Telecare ; 21(7): 367-76, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26026181

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We conducted a systematic literature review to investigate the domain of speech-language and hearing sciences (SLHS) in telehealth. METHODS: The databases used for the literature search were Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Scielo. The inclusion criteria consisted of papers published up to August 2014. Papers without peer-review evaluation, and those without abstracts or available full texts were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 103 papers were selected. The selected studies have focused primarily on hearing (32.1%), followed by speech (19.4%), language (16.5%), voice (8.7%), swallowing (5.8%), multiple areas (13.6%) and others (3.9%). The majority of the studies focused on assessment (36.9%) or intervention (36.9%). The use of telehealth in SLHS has been increasing in many countries, especially in the last 5 years. The country with the largest number of published studies was the United States of America (32.03%), followed by Australia (29.12%). The remaining studies were distributed in lower numbers among other countries. DISCUSSION: The advancement of information and communication technologies provides more favourable conditions for providing distance care in several areas. Most of studies concluded that the telehealth procedure had advantages over the non-telehealth alternative approach (85.5%); however, 13.6% reported that it was unclear whether the telehealth procedure had advantages. Some barriers still need to be overcome, such as technology, training, regulation, acceptance and recognition of the benefits of this practice by the public and professionals. The need for speech-language pathologists and audiologists to adapt to this new health care modality is evident.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care/methods , Hearing Disorders/therapy , Language Disorders/therapy , Speech Disorders/therapy , Telemedicine , Audiology/methods , Audiometry/methods , Humans , Language Therapy/methods , Speech Therapy/methods , Speech-Language Pathology/methods , Telemedicine/methods
11.
Codas ; 25(3): 289-96, 2013.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24408342

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Systematic literature review about Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) proposals directed towards persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorders aiming to contribute to a truly evidence-based practice. METHODS: [corrected] References from the last five years were obtained from the Web of Science, Medline, SciELO and Lilacs databases. Papers published in peer-reviewed journals were selected. Exclusion criteria were language, type of paper, theme and repeated papers. This selection resulted in 52 articles that were completely analyzed. Information regarding author, journal and date; title; theme and approach; casuistic; inclusion and exclusion criteria and conclusion was considered. RESULTS: The papers refer to intervention processes, literature reviews, professional education, and parents' contributions to the intervention programs. Only four papers report the parents' role in the use of ABA principles at home. Studies about Professional education emphasize the specialized education. Most of the literature review papers conclude that the intervention programs are controversial, expensive and dependent of external variables. Although the articles describing intervention processes include 663 participants, a meta-analysis is not possible due to the lack of comparable inclusion and characterization criteria. CONCLUSION: There is not enough evidence of ABA's preponderance over other alternatives.


Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , Journal Impact Factor
12.
Codas ; 25(4): 388-90, 2013.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24408489

ABSTRACT

The last 25 years produced important changes in the Speech Language intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in the whole world. They refer to diagnostic criteria, research methods and systematization of data about diagnostic and intervention processes. In this context, the first results about the use of a recording system used on a specialized service highlights the importance of including information about each intervention process on reliable and accessible systems. This procedure allows the association among several types of data and studies with large populations, something that is not usual in the field.


Subject(s)
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/rehabilitation , Communication Disorders/rehabilitation , Language Therapy/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Medical Records
13.
CoDAS ; 25(4): 388-390, 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687285

ABSTRACT

Os últimos 25 anos proporcionaram mudanças significativas na atuação fonoaudiológica dirigida aos Distúrbios do Espectro do Autismo em todo o mundo. Elas envolvem os critérios diagnósticos, a metodologia de pesquisas e a sistematização de dados de processos diagnósticos e de intervenção. Nesse contexto, os primeiros resultados do uso de um sistema de registros utilizado num serviço especializado reforçam a importância da inclusão das informações referentes a cada processo de intervenção em sistemas confiáveis e acessíveis, garantindo a associação de informações, e evidenciam as possibilidades de estudos com grandes populações, o que não é comum na literatura da área.


The last 25 years produced important changes in the Speech Language intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in the whole world. They refer to diagnostic criteria, research methods and systematization of data about diagnostic and intervention processes. In this context, the first results about the use of a recording system used on a specialized service highlights the importance of including information about each intervention process on reliable and accessible systems. This procedure allows the association among several types of data and studies with large populations, something that is not usual in the field.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/rehabilitation , Communication Disorders/rehabilitation , Language Therapy/methods , Longitudinal Studies , Medical Records
14.
CoDAS ; 25(3): 289-296, 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-680043

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura envolvendo as propostas de terapia baseada na análise de comportamento aplicada (ABA) dirigida a pessoas portadoras de distúrbios do espectro do autismo (DEA), contribuindo, dessa forma, para uma prática efetivamente baseada em evidências. ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA: As bases de dados Web of Science, Medline, SciELO e Lilacs foram consultadas para o levantamento das referências bibliográficas publicadas nos últimos cinco anos. CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO: Foram selecionados os artigos publicados em periódicos com revisão por pares. Foram utilizados como critérios de exclusão o idioma, o tipo de artigo, o tema e os artigos repetidos. Essa seleção resultou em 52 artigos, que foram analisados na íntegra. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: Foram consideradas as informações referentes a autor, periódico e data; título; tema e abordagem; casuística; critérios de inclusão e exclusão e conclusões. RESULTADOS: Os artigos abordam processos de intervenção, revisões de literatura, formação profissional e a contribuição dos pais no processo de intervenção. Apenas quatro artigos relatam a contribuição dos pais na aplicação dos princípios da ABA no ambiente doméstico. Os estudos sobre formação profissional enfatizam a valorização da formação especializada. A maioria das revisões de literatura conclui que os processos de intervenção são controversos, caros e dependentes de fatores externos. Embora artigos que relatam processos de intervenção envolvam 663 participantes, não é possível a realização de meta-análise devido à ausência de critérios de inclusão e caracterização comparáveis. CONCLUSÃO: Não há evidência suficiente para corroborar a preponderância da ABA sobre outras alternativas.


PURPOSE: Systematic literature review about Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) proposals directed towards persons with Autistic Spectrum Disorders aiming to contribute to a truly evidence-based practice. RESEARCH STRATEGY: References from the last five years were obtained from the Web of Science, Medline, SciELO and Lilacs databases. SELECTION CRITERIA: Papers published in peer-reviewed journals were selected. Exclusion criteria were language, type of paper, theme and repeated papers. This selection resulted in 52 articles that were completely analyzed. DATA ANALYSIS: Information regarding author, journal and date; title; theme and approach; casuistic; inclusion and exclusion criteria and conclusion was considered. RESULTS: The papers refer to intervention processes, literature reviews, professional education, and parents' contributions to the intervention programs. Only four papers report the parents' role in the use of ABA principles at home. Studies about Professional education emphasize the specialized education. Most of the literature review papers conclude that the intervention programs are controversial, expensive and dependent of external variables. Although the articles describing intervention processes include 663 participants, a meta-analysis is not possible due to the lack of comparable inclusion and characterization criteria. CONCLUSION: There is not enough evidence of ABA's preponderance over other alternatives.


Subject(s)
Humans , Behavior Therapy/methods , Child Development Disorders, Pervasive/therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Journal Impact Factor
15.
J Soc Bras Fonoaudiol ; 24(1): 104-6, 2012.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22460381

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the results obtained in the Autism Behavior Checklist with those obtained in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale to identify and characterize children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. METHODS: Participants were 28 children with psychiatric diagnosis within the autism spectrum that were enrolled in language therapy in a specialized service. These children were assessed according to the Autism Behavior Checklist and Childhood Autism Rating Scale criteria, based on information obtained with parents and therapists, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed regarding the agreement between responses. Results indicating high or moderate probability of autism in the Autism Behavior Checklist were considered concordant with the results indicating mild-to-moderate or severe autism in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Results indicating low probability of autism in the Autism Behavior Checklist and without autism in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were also considered concordant. RESULTS: There was agreement on most of the responses. Cases in which there was disagreement between results obtained on both protocols corroborate literature data, showing that the instruments may not be sufficient, if applied alone, to define the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The Childhood Autism Rating Scale may not effectively diagnose autistic children, while the Autism Behavior Checklist may result in over- diagnose, including within the autism spectrum children with other disorders. Therefore, the associated use of both protocols is recommended.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Adolescent , Autistic Disorder/classification , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Checklist/methods , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Psychological Tests
17.
J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 24(1): 104-106, 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-618183

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar as respostas dos instrumentos Childhood Autism Rating Scale e Autism Behavior Checklist na identificação e caracterização de indivíduos com Distúrbios do Espectro Autístico. MÉTODOS: Participaram 28 indivíduos que estavam em atendimento fonoaudiológico e possuíam diagnósticos inseridos no Espectro do Autismo. Todos foram avaliados por meio dos instrumentos Autism Behavior Checklist e Childhood Autism Rating Scale a partir de informações obtidas, respectivamente, com pais e terapeutas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente em relação à concordância das respostas obtidas. Foram considerados concordantes os resultados de alta ou moderada probabilidade para autismo no Autism Behavior Checklist e com autismo leve-moderado ou grave na Childhood Autism Rating Scale, e respostas de baixa probabilidade no Autism Behavior Checklist e sem autismo na Childhood Autism Rating Scale. RESULTADOS: Houve concordância na maior parte das respostas obtidas. Casos em que houve discordância entre os resultados obtidos a partir dos protocolos corroboram dados da literatura, evidenciando que os instrumentos podem não ser suficientes, quando aplicados isoladamente para a definição do diagnóstico. CONCLUSÃO: Enquanto a Childhood Autism Rating Scale pode não diagnosticar crianças efetivamente autistas, o Autism Behavior Checklist pode incluir como autistas, crianças com outros distúrbios. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso complementar dos dois instrumentos.


PURPOSE: To compare the results obtained in the Autism Behavior Checklist with those obtained in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale to identify and characterize children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. METHODS: Participants were 28 children with psychiatric diagnosis within the autism spectrum that were enrolled in language therapy in a specialized service. These children were assessed according to the Autism Behavior Checklist and Childhood Autism Rating Scale criteria, based on information obtained with parents and therapists, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed regarding the agreement between responses. Results indicating high or moderate probability of autism in the Autism Behavior Checklist were considered concordant with the results indicating mild-to-moderate or severe autism in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Results indicating low probability of autism in the Autism Behavior Checklist and without autism in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale were also considered concordant. RESULTS: There was agreement on most of the responses. Cases in which there was disagreement between results obtained on both protocols corroborate literature data, showing that the instruments may not be sufficient, if applied alone, to define the diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The Childhood Autism Rating Scale may not effectively diagnose autistic children, while the Autism Behavior Checklist may result in over- diagnose, including within the autism spectrum children with other disorders. Therefore, the associated use of both protocols is recommended.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Autistic Disorder/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Autistic Disorder/classification , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Checklist/methods , Diagnosis, Differential , Psychological Tests
18.
J Soc Bras Fonoaudiol ; 23(1): 1-7, 2011 Mar.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21552725

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To verify the results obtained by ten sessions of specific instruction about language and communication to mothers of children of the autistic spectrum. METHODS: Subjects were 26 mother-child dyads. The children attended language therapy in a specialized service. Five pre-planned instruction sessions and five accompanying sessions to small groups of mothers parallel to the children's language therapy were conducted. RESULTS: The focus directed to the child's communication allowed the identification of essential elements to the determination of successful interactive situation as joint attention, latency to answers and child's individual interests. The individualized analysis has shown that all subjects presented progress at least in one of the assessed areas. CONCLUSION: There was a positive impact of the systematic orientations to mothers about language and communication, conducted at the same time as language therapy (and not alternatively). The formal planning and recording were flexible enough to allow adjustments to group specific needs and demands.


Subject(s)
Autistic Disorder/rehabilitation , Communication , Language , Mother-Child Relations , Mothers/education , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires
19.
J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 23(1): 1-7, jan.-mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-586635

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar os resultados obtidos após a realização de dez sessões de orientação específica para mães de crianças do espectro autístico a respeito de comunicação e linguagem. MÉTODOS: Participaram 26 díades mãe-criança. As crianças eram pacientes de um serviço de Fonoaudiologia especializado em Distúrbios do Espectro Autístico. Foram realizadas cinco sessões de orientação e cinco de acompanhamento para pequenos grupos de mães, paralelamente à manutenção do processo de terapia fonoaudiológica das crianças. RESULTADOS: O foco direcionado à comunicação, possibilitou a identificação de elementos como a obtenção da atenção da criança, a iniciativa de comunicação ou de alguma atividade conjunta, a latência para a resposta e o uso de materiais ou brinquedos de interesse da criança como essenciais para o estabelecimento de interações bem sucedidas. A análise individualizada mostra que todos os sujeitos apresentaram progresso em pelo menos uma das áreas investigadas. CONCLUSÃO: Houve um impacto positivo do procedimento de orientações sistematizadas voltadas às questões de comunicação e linguagem, realizadas juntamente com o processo de terapia de linguagem das crianças (e não em substituição a ela). Embora as sessões de orientações tivessem roteiros de funcionamento e registro, elas permitiam ajustes às necessidades e demandas de cada grupo.


PURPOSE: To verify the results obtained by ten sessions of specific instruction about language and communication to mothers of children of the autistic spectrum. METHODS: Subjects were 26 mother-child dyads. The children attended language therapy in a specialized service. Five pre-planned instruction sessions and five accompanying sessions to small groups of mothers parallel to the children's language therapy were conducted. RESULTS: The focus directed to the child's communication allowed the identification of essential elements to the determination of successful interactive situation as joint attention, latency to answers and child's individual interests. The individualized analysis has shown that all subjects presented progress at least in one of the assessed areas. CONCLUSION: There was a positive impact of the systematic orientations to mothers about language and communication, conducted at the same time as language therapy (and not alternatively). The formal planning and recording were flexible enough to allow adjustments to group specific needs and demands.


Subject(s)
Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Autistic Disorder/rehabilitation , Communication , Language , Mother-Child Relations , Mothers/education , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires
20.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 16(1): 104-108, 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-580426

ABSTRACT

Estudos recentes mencionam que a incidência dos distúrbios do espectro autístico chega a 1 por cento. Isso implica na necessidade de identificação urgente de modelos de intervenção eficazes, bem como dos fatores que podem interferir nesses processos. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever três anos de processos de terapia de linguagem de três crianças com diagnósticos incluídos no espectro do autismo com diferentes características de desenvolvimento e diferentes respostas ao processo terapêutico. Todas as crianças são atendidas em sistema ambulatorial, uma vez por semana, num serviço especializado, por fonoaudiólogas pós-graduandas na área há aproximadamente seis meses antes dos primeiros relatos apresentados. Os casos apresentados evidenciam a diversidade do fenótipo do autismo. Embora não fosse o objetivo deste estudo, fica aparente a referencia a três diferentes quadros incluídos no espectro do autismo. Desta forma, os processos de intervenção foram objeto de sutis ajustes às necessidades e possibilidades de cada uma das crianças. Todas as crianças tiveram progressos importantes em suas manifestações. A análise longitudinal individualizada de processos de intervenção terapêutica permite a abordagem de aspectos associados que podem ser determinantes nos resultados e que exigem abordagem consistente.


Recent studies state that the incidence of autism spectrum disorders is 1 percent of the infantile population. It implies the need of urgent identification of efficient intervention proposals as well as of the factors that may intervene in these processes. The aim of this study is to describe three years of language therapy processes of three children diagnosed within the autism spectrum with different developmental characteristics and different responses to the therapeutic process. All the children were attending a specialized ambulatory program once a week. The language therapists were post-graduate students in the field and the therapeutic intervention started approximately six months prior to the beginning of the study. The children presented evidence of the diversity of the autism phenotype. Although it was not the purpose of this study, the reference to the three different features of the autism spectrum is clear. This way, the intervention processes received subtle adjustments to each child's specific needs and possibilities. All children had significant progress in their manifestations. The longitudinal individual analysis of therapeutic intervention processes allows the identification of associate process that might be determinant to the results and that demand consistent approaches.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Autistic Disorder , Speech Therapy/methods , Therapeutics , Language Disorders/therapy
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