ABSTRACT
Background Colonoscopy is a simple, safe and well tolerated procedure, the visualization of the mucosa of the entire colon and terminal ileum to detect intestinal abnormalities and obtain biopsy leads to the early detection of the pathologic process and institution of appropriate therapy. Objective To find out the correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnosis of colorectal diseases. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital from Jan. 2015 - Jan. 2016. Altogether, 95 colonoscopic biopsies were examined and recorded clinical data using pre-designed pro forma. The specimens were grossed, processed and embedded using standard procedures, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and were analyzed using light microscope. Special stains Ziehl Neelsen, and Periodic Acid-Schiff were used whenever necessary. Result Analyses of 95 cases of colonoscopic biopsies were done. The most common clinical diagnosis was polyp in 49 cases (51.57%) and the common histopathological diagnosis was non-neoplastic polyps 31(32.63%). There was no correlation in cases for suspected infectious colitis, microscopic colitis and hemorrhoids. Conclusion Colonoscopy is incomplete without biopsy and histopathology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of colorectal lesions. The clinico-pathological correlation for neoplastic lesions was excellent. However, correlation was poor in non-neoplastic lesion.
ABSTRACT
An assessment of the incubators in use at the Kathmandu Maternity Hospital neonatal unit was undertaken; this was followed by a prospective survey of neonatal temperatures on the unit. In the incubator assessment 11 studies were carried out in five incubators. Three of the thermostats in the five incubators did not work at all and those in the other two incubators were more than 3 degrees C inaccurate. All the incubator thermometers gave recordings less than the actual temperature (with a range of error: 1.3-4.4 degrees C). Six out of the 11 babies studied were hypothermic (defined as rectal temperature < 36 degrees C). In the prospective survey of temperatures a high incidence of hypothermia was found on the neonatal unit at the time of first temperature measurement (64 per cent had a rectal temperature of < 36 degrees C). A significant association between admission hypothermia and mortality was noted. Sixteen per cent (10/64) of babies admitted with temperatures < 36 degrees C died within the first week, compared to 0 (0/36) of those admitted with temperatures > or = 36 degrees C.
