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1.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 61(3): 131-40, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25177848

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, affecting 1:25,000-75,000 people. It is characterized by the absence or decrease antibody production. Treatment for CVID consists on human immunoglobulin administration, and the intravenous route is the most common route for administration, at 400-800 mg/kg of weight every 3-4 weeks. Adverse effects associated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) use occur in 25% of all infusions, with severe adverse reactions presenting in less than 1% of all patients. Acute renal failure can occur as a severe adverse reaction, which presents 1-10 days after starting IVIg treatment. In our center we implemented an ambulatory scheme for IVIg administration, which allows its administration in an average of 3 hours, without severe adverse effects. OBJECTIVES: To describe adverse effects and to evaluate the frequency of renal failure secondary to ambulatory IVIg administration in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive and prospective study was done including adult patients con definitive diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency, receiving IVIg at replacement dose every 3 weeks. All patients were evaluated with clinical exploration, somatometry, serum creatinine, albumin and urea determination, 24 hours creatinine clearance, glomerular filtration rate with CKD-EPI, and immediate renal function associated with accumulated IVIg. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: We determined adverse effects in 25 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (15 women and 10 men, average age 36.7 years), during a 10 months period (January-September 2013). During this period 284 IVIg infusions were administered using our scheme, frequency of adverse effects were 12.9%, with 5.2% of early adverse effects and 7.7% late adverse effects, all being mild to moderate, in some cases required analgesic and/or antihistamine administration, without having to stop the IVIg infusion. In the renal function study 19 patients were included (12 women and 7 men, average age 36 years, average weigh 58.74 kg and average height 1.60 m), evaluated from January 2009 to October 2013. Average serum creatinine was 0.76 ± 0.18 mg/dL, average serum urea was 28.6 ± 7.6 mg/dL, none patient presenting acute renal failure. Glomerular filtration rate was determined with CKD-EPI formula, and the average was 116 ± 34 mL/min/1.73 m2, finding chronic renal failure in 4 patients. Average 24 hours creatinine clearance was 98.64 ± 22 mL/min/1.73 m2, with chronic renal failure data in 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: There were no severe adverse effects with this ambulatory IVIg scheme (anaphylaxis, acute renal failure). We did not find data of acute renal failure secondary to IVIg administration in this population, but we did find data of chronic renal failure secondary to IVIg administration through 24 hours creatinine clearance in 6 patients. No relation was found between accumulated IVIg dose in the last 5 years and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Another benefit worth of mentioning with this scheme is the reduction in costs for the health institution and to the patient.


Antecedentes: la inmunodeficiencia común variable es la inmunodeficiencia primaria sintomática más frecuente, afecta a 1 por cada 25,000 a 75,000 sujetos. Se distingue por la ausencia o disminución de anticuerpos. Su tratamiento consiste en el reemplazo de anticuerpos con inmunoglobulina humana y la vía de administración más frecuente es la intravenosa, a dosis de 400 a 800 mg/kg de peso/dosis cada tres a cuatro semanas. Los efectos adversos asociados con la administración de inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IgIV) ocurren incluso en 25% de todas las infusiones realizadas, las reacciones severas afectan a menos de 1% de los pacientes. Entre las reacciones adversas severas están la insuficiencia renal aguda, que sobreviene 1 a 10 días después del inicio de tratamiento con IgIV. En nuestro centro elaboramos e implementamos un esquema ambulatorio para la aplicación de IgIV que permite su administración en un promedio de 3 h, sin efectos adversos graves. Objetivos: describir los efectos adversos y evaluar la frecuencia de insuficiencia renal secundaria a la aplicación ambulatoria de IgIV en pacientes adultos con inmunodeficiencia común variable. Material y método: estudio descriptivo y prospectivo en el que participaron pacientes adultos con diagnóstico definitivo de inmunodeficiencia común variable, que recibían IgIV a dosis de sustitución cada tres semanas, a quienes se realizó exploración física, somatometría, determinación sérica de creatinina, albúmina y urea, depuración de creatinina en orina de 24 horas, cálculo de la tasa de filtración glomerular por la fórmula CKD-EPI y evaluación de la función renal inmediata, así como la asociada con la administración acumulada de IgIV a través del cálculo de la tasa de filtración glomerular. Los resultados se analizaron con estadística descriptiva para el reporte de los efectos en la función renal y la dosis acumulada de IgIV. Resultados: se determinó la frecuencia de reacciones adversas en 25 pacientes con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia común variable (15 mujeres y 10 varones, con edad promedio de 36.7 años), durante un periodo de 10 meses (enero a septiembre de 2013). En este periodo se aplicaron 284 infusiones de IgIV utilizando el esquema propuesto, la frecuencia de reacciones adversas fue de 12.9% del total de las infusiones, de las que 5.2% fueron reacciones adversas tempranas y 7.7% reacciones adversas tardías, todas fueron reacciones leves a moderadas, que ameritaron en algunos casos la administración de analgésico, antihistamínico o ambos, sin llegar a requerirse la suspensión de la infusión de IgIV. En el estudio de la función renal se incluyeron 19 pacientes (12 mujeres y 7 hombres, edad promedio 36 años, peso promedio 58.74 kg y talla promedio 1.60 m) y en el lapso estudiado (enero de 2009 a octubre de 2013) la determinación de creatinina en promedio fue de 0.76 ± 0.18 mg/dL; la urea sérica promedio del grupo fue de 28.6 ± 7.6 mg/dL, ningún paciente tuvo datos de insuficiencia renal aguda. La tasa de filtración glomerular se determinó mediante la fórmula de CKD-EPI y fue, en promedio, de 116 ± 34 mL/min/1.73 m2, se encontraron datos de deterioro renal crónico en cuatro pacientes. La determinación promedio de la depuración de creatinina en orina de 24 horas fue de 98.64 ± 22 mL/min/1.73 m2 y se encontraron datos de deterioro crónico en la función renal en seis pacientes. Conclusiones: con este esquema ambulatorio de aplicación de IgIV no hubo reacciones adversas graves (anafilaxia, broncoespasmo, insuficiencia renal aguda). En esta población de pacientes no se encontró afección renal aguda secundaria a la aplicación de IgIV, pero mediante la depuración de creatinina de 24 horas sí se encontraron datos que sugirieron daño renal crónico en seis pacientes. No se encontró relación entre la dosis acumulada de IgIV aplicada en los últimos cinco años con el hallazgo de disminución de la tasa de filtración glomerular. Otro beneficio de este método de aplicación de IgIV es la reducción en los costos para la institución de salud y para el paciente, además de permitir a éste reintegrarse a sus actividades cotidianas laborales o escolares de manera rápida.

2.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 61(1): 24-31, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24912999

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of food allergy requires a proper anamnesis and diagnostic testing with skin prick tests with fresh foods and/or standardized allergen, or specific IgE tests. The risk of systemic reactions is of 15-23 per 100,000 skin tests performed by prick method, specifically anaphylaxis at 0.02%. This paper reports the case of four patients, who while performing prick to prick test with fresh food presented anaphylactic reaction. Implicated foods were fruits of the Rosaceae, Anacardiaceae and Caricaceae families. The severity of anaphylaxis was: two patients with grade 4, one patient grade 2 and one grade 3, all with appropriate response to drug treatment. The risk factors identified were: female sex, personal history of atopy, previous systemic reaction to Hymenoptera venom, prior anaphylaxis to prick tests to aeroallergens. We found that a history of positive skin test for Betulla v, can be a risk factor for anaphylaxis in patients with oral syndrome. During testing prick to prick with food anaphylaxis can occur, so it should be made with aerial red team on hand. The history of positivity Betulla v is an additional risk factor in these patients.


El diagnóstico de alergia alimentaria requiere una anamnesis adecuada y la realización de pruebas diagnósticas, las pruebas cutáneas con alimentos en fresco, con alergenos estandarizados, o con ambos; las pruebas de IgE específica para alimentos son útiles. El riesgo de reacciones sistémicas por pruebas cutáneas por punción es de 15 a 23 por cada 100,000 y el de anafilaxia es de 0.02%. Comunicamos el caso de cuatro pacientes que sufrieron anafilaxia durante la realización de prueba Prick-to-Prick con alimentos frescos. Los alimentos implicados fueron frutas de las familias Rosaceae, Anacardiaceae y Caricaceae. En dos pacientes la anafilaxia fue de grado 4, en una grado 2 y en otra grado 3, todas con adecuada respuesta al tratamiento farmacológico. Los factores de riesgo fueron: sexo femenino, antecedente personal de atopia, reacción sistémica previa a veneno de himenópteros y anafilaxia previa con pruebas por punción para aeroalergenos. Las cuatro pacientes tuvieron síndrome de alergia oral y 50% tenía antecedente de prueba por punción positiva a betuláceas. Durante la realización de pruebas Prick-to-Prick para alimentos los pacientes pueden presentar anafilaxia, por lo que deben realizarse en un área que cuente con equipo rojo. El antecedente de síndrome de alergia oral se observó en todos los casos y la mitad de las pacientes tuvieron positividad a betuláceas, estos antecedentes pueden ser factores de riesgo adicional de anafilaxia dura te la realización de pruebas Prick-to-Prick para alimentos.


Subject(s)
Actinidia/immunology , Allergens/adverse effects , Anaphylaxis/etiology , Carica/immunology , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Intradermal Tests/adverse effects , Rosaceae/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Albuterol/therapeutic use , Anaphylaxis/drug therapy , Anaphylaxis/epidemiology , Animals , Arachis/immunology , Betula/immunology , Diphenhydramine/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Female , Food Hypersensitivity/complications , Fruit/adverse effects , Humans , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Pyroglyphidae/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/complications , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/complications , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
3.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 61(1): 32-7, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24913000

ABSTRACT

Corticosteroid hypersensitivity is a complex phenomenon in which many factors interact, such as idiosyncrasy, intolerance or allergic reactions. The prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids is 0.2%-0.5%. Corticosteroids have major therapeutic implications; thus, when hypersensitivity is suspected, in-vitro and/or in-vivo testing can be performed to confirm diagnosis, being the drug challenge the gold standard. After definitive diagnosis, cross-reactivity among the different corticosteroid groups should be considered, to choose wisely if corticosteroid therapy is still required. In Coopman classification, steroids belonging to groups A, B and D2 have high cross-reactivity, however, more studies are needed to determine the degree of cross-reaction among these drugs. This paper presents the case of a woman, in who hypersensitivity to hydrocortisone succinate was confirmed by drug challenge test.


La hipersensibilidad a corticoesteroides es un fenómeno complejo en el que interactúan múltiples factores como idiosincrasia, intolerancia o alergia. La prevalencia de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad inmediata a corticoesteroides es de 0.2 a 0.5%. Debido a la relevancia terapéutica de los esteroides, es importante confirmar el diagnóstico de hipersensibilidad con pruebas in vivo, in vitro, o ambas, el patrón de referencia es la prueba de reto con el fármaco implicado. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico y en caso de que se requiera continuar con el tratamiento con esteroides, deberá considerarse la reactividad cruzada entre los diferentes grupos propuestos en la clasificación de Coopman, en la que los corticoesteroides pertenecientes a los grupos A, B y D2 tienen una elevada reactividad cruzada entre sí; sin embargo, hacen falta más estudios para determinar el grado de reactividad cruzada entre estos fármacos. Comunicamos el caso de una paciente en la que se confirmó el diagnóstico de hipersensibilidad a succinato de hidrocortisona con la prueba de reto.


Subject(s)
Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hydrocortisone/analogs & derivatives , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/diagnosis , Administration, Oral , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/chemistry , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/classification , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/immunology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/pharmacokinetics , Adult , Anaphylaxis/chemically induced , Angioedema/chemically induced , Cross Reactions , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology , Drug Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Female , Haptens/immunology , Humans , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage , Hydrocortisone/adverse effects , Hydrocortisone/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/chemically induced , Hypersensitivity, Immediate/physiopathology , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity Relationship
4.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 61(1): 14-23, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24912998

ABSTRACT

DRESS syndrome (Drug rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms) is an idiosyncratic reaction (type B), characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, such as fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, atypical lymphocytes and elevation of liver enzymes at least twice its normal level or increase of alanine amino transferase (ALT) >100 U/L. Its incidence is of 1/1,000 to 10,000 exposures and its mortality is of 10%-20%. Treatment is based on steroids and on the suspension of the suspect drug. This paper reports the cases of six patients with DRESS syndrome attended at Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, from September 2012 to September 2013, which accounted for 12.5% of patients attended with adverse reactions to drugs.


El síndrome DRESS (exantema inducido por fármacos con eosinofilia y síntomas sistémicos) es una reacción idiosincrática (tipo B), que se distingue por eosinofilia periférica y síntomas sistémicos, como fiebre, exantema, linfadenopatía, hepatitis, linfocitos atípicos y elevación de enzimas hepáticas al menos dos veces su valor normal o incremento de la alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) >100 U/L. La incidencia es de 1 por cada 1,000 a 10,000 exposiciones y su mortalidad es de 10 a 20%. El tratamiento se basa en esteroides y en la suspensión del fármaco sospechoso. Se comunican los casos de seis pacientes con síndrome DRESS atendidos en el Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, de septiembre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013, que correspondieron a 12.5% de los pacientes atendidos con reacciones adversas a fármacos.


Subject(s)
Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/epidemiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Aged , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Carbamazepine/adverse effects , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Susceptibility , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/drug therapy , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Models, Biological , Phenytoin/adverse effects , Prevalence , Urban Population , Young Adult
5.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 52(1): 94-7, 2014.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24625491

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency is a primary immunodeficiency, in which from 70 to 80 % of patients have tumors and 25 % of cases are associated with autoimmune diseases. Common variable immunodeficiency patients have a higher incidence of neoplasms, with a risk 12-18 times higher than the general population. There are few cases of common variable immunodeficiency patients with leukemia. CLINICAL CASE: Female of 36 years old, with left upper quadrant pain, early satiety, weight loss of 8 kg in three months and splenomegaly. The complete blood count showed: leukocytosis 206 000/mL, with 8 % blasts, platelets 530 000/mL and hemoglobin 8 mg/dL. Abdominal ultrasound: 19??12 cm splenomegaly. Karyotype BCR/ABL IS 64.20 %, 100 % Philadelphia chromosome. The diagnosis was of chronic myeloid leukemia. Given the presence of recurrent respiratory tract infection, frequent diarrheas and reduced concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA, common variable immunodeficiency was diagnosed and human immunoglobulin was used successfully. CONCLUSIONS: The association between chronic myeloid leukemia and common variable immunodefficiency is unusual. Given the high frequency of hematological neoplasm in common variable immunodeficiency patients, we suggest that hematological patients with repeated infections and decreased concentrations of immunoglobulin be referred to an immunological evaluation.


INTRODUCCIÓN: la inmunodeficiencia común variable es la inmunodeficiencia primaria más sintomática, 70 a 80 % de los pacientes presentan neoplasias. Existen escasos informes de pacientes portadores de leucemia mieloide crónica e inmunodeficiencia común variable. CASO CLÍNICO: mujer de 36 años, quien inició su padecimiento con dolor en hipocondrio izquierdo, pérdida de peso de 8 kg en tres meses y esplenomegalia. Los resultados de la biometría hemática indicaron cuenta leucocitaria de 206 000/mL, 8 % de blastos, cuenta plaquetaria de 530 000/mL y hemoglobina de 8 g/dL. Con la ultrasonografía abdominal se identificó esplenomegalia de 19 ´ 12 cm. El cariotipo mostró el gen BCR/ABL 64.20 % IS y cromosoma Filadelfia 100 %. Se diagnosticó leucemia mieloide crónica. Por infecciones gastrointestinales y respiratorias frecuentes, así como por concentraciones reducidas de IgG, IgM e IgA, la paciente fue valorada por el servicio de alergia e inmunología clínica, donde se diagnosticó inmunodeficiencia común variable. CONCLUSIONES: la relación de la leucemia mieloide crónica con la inmunodeficiencia común variable es poco frecuente. Es importante que los pacientes portadores de leucemia mieloide crónica que cursen con infecciones de repetición, se realicen cuantificación de inmunoglobulinas séricas y, en caso de disminución de las mismas, sean referidos para su valoración y tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Common Variable Immunodeficiency/diagnosis , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology , Adult , Common Variable Immunodeficiency/complications , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
6.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 60(3): 110-6, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24274606

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D regulates cellular activity, also it has effects on: innate and adaptive immunity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. It has been suggested a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk and length of respiratory infections in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study in patients with CVID. Vitamin D serum levels were measured in all patients. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics by calculating measures of dispersion and central tendency. RESULTS: We studied 20 patients, 13 women and 7 males, with an age average of 37 ± 13.43 years. The mean concentration of vitamin D in patients was 15.43 ng/mL ± 7.23. Thirty percent of all patients had severe Vitamin D deficiency, 45% had mild to moderate deficiency and 25% had insufficiency. Autoimmune diseases were associated in 35% of CVID patients, 42.8% of them had severe vitamin D deficiency. In patients with bronchiectasis, 85% were found with vitamin D deficiency, and it was severe in 35.2%. 41% of patients with bronchiectasis were classified as severe on the Bhalla score of severity, 57% of these patients had severe deficiency and 14.2% mild-moderate deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: : We found deficiency of vitamin D in patients with CVID patients. Most of patients with CVID and bronchiectasis were detected with mild to severe vitamin D deficiency. Almost the half of patients with autoimmune diseases associated to CVID showed deficiency of vitamin D. We recommend to investigate the association of vitamin D deficiency on patients with immunodeficiencies.


Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Bronchiectasis/etiology , Common Variable Immunodeficiency/complications , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Male
7.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 60(3): 123-8, 2013.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24274608

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia. Its prevalence is 1:10000 to 1:50000 with the highest incidence in children, 6 to 10 years, and in adults around age 29. The association of CVID and bronchiectasis has a prevalence of 17-90%. The quality of life in these patients can be assessed through instruments such as the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), which is designed for patients with chronic lung diseases and validated for the Mexican population. OBJECTIVE: [corrected] To evaluate the quality of life in adult patients with CVID and bronchiectasis using the SGRQ. METHODS: We applied CRSG to all the patients of the Immunodeficiencies Clinic from Hospital Especialidades CMN SXXI diagnosed with CVID and bronchiectasis for assessing quality of life which was evaluated in the three areas of application 1)Symptoms, 2)Activities and 3)Impact and the overall quality of life. We also analyzed its relationship with the severity of bronchiectasis confirmed by HRCT. RESULTS: 19 patients were included, (5 males, 14 women) in whom it was found affected the overall quality of life in 84.2%. Women showed higher scores for all areas of the SGRQ (♀ 28.3 ± 25.18 vs. ♂ 9.89 ± 8.14). The most affected area by both sexes was the Symptoms in 92% of women and 80% men. About the severity of bronchiectasis patients with mild bronquietasias presented scores 0-22.2 (x= 11.1 ± 15.6), those with moderate bronchiectasis 3.24-56.9 (x=25.5 ± 21.76) and severe with scores of 0-74.8 (x= 24.1 ± 28.5.). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CVID and bronchiectasis have impaired quality of life, mainly associated with respiratory symptoms, with less involvement of and impact areas. Females were most affected in intensity to show higher scores.


Subject(s)
Bronchiectasis/complications , Common Variable Immunodeficiency/complications , Quality of Life , Adult , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young Adult
8.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 59(4): 187-91, 2012.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24008027

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by defective immunoglobulin production. Twenty percent of patients may also have associated autoimmune diseases, especially hematologic, whose prevalence is estimated at 5 to 8%. OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of autoimmune haematological disorders in CVID adults. METHODS: We included 18 patients with CVID, who underwent hematologic evaluation, which included: CBC, serum folate or vitamin B complex and bone marrow aspirate. RESULTS: Of a total of 18 patients, 11 women (61%), mean age 38 ± 13.5, six patients (33.3%) had autoimmune diseases, five of them had blood diseases (4 with PTI and one with Evans syndrome). Three patients had more than one autoimmune disease and one presented three autoimmune diseases (Evans syndrome, hypoparathyroidism and celiac disease with a history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of autoimmune diseases in this group of patients with CVID was higher than the 20% reported in the literature. Hematological diseases should be suspected in CVID patients, since half of our cases presented them.


Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Common Variable Immunodeficiency , Adult , Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune , Celiac Disease , Humans
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