ABSTRACT
Introduction: Cannabinoids show great therapeutic potential, but their effect on anesthesia still remains unclear. Use of chronic recreational Cannabis in humans undergoing anesthetic procedures tends to require a higher dose when compared to non-users. On the other hand, studies on rodents and dogs have shown that cannabinoid agonists may potentiate certain anesthetics. This contrast of effects possibly occurs due to different time lengths of administration of different phytocannabinoids at different doses, and their distinct effects on the Endocannabinoid System, which is also affected by anesthetics such as propofol and isoflurane. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy male dogs, client-owned, ranging from 1 to 7 years, and from 5 to 35 kg were selected, mean weight 15.03±7.39 kg, with owners volunteering their animals to participate in the research performed in the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). Dogs were randomized into 3 groups. The Control Group (CON, n = 9), receiving only Extra Virgin Olive Oil, the same oil-base used in the treatment groups. Group 2 (G2, n = 9) received 2 mg/kg of total phytocannabinoids, and Group 3 (G3, n = 9) received 6 mg/kg of total phytocannabinoids. All groups received their treatments transmucosally, 75 min before their induction with propofol. Heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature and sedation were evaluated prior to, and at 30, 60, and 75 min after administration of the fsCBD-rich extract or Placebo extract. Preanesthetic medication protocol was also included across all treatment groups, 15 min before induction. Parametric data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) if significant statistical differences were found. Non-parametric data was analyzed using Friedman's test, followed by Dunn test for comparisons between all timepoints in the same group. Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn was utilized for between groups comparisons. Propofol dose necessary for induction was analyzed through One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's Multiple Comparisons Test, using Instat by Graphpad, and differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Our analysis assessed if statistical significance was present between time points in the same group, and between groups in the same time points. Results: In our study, 6 mg/kg of total phytocannabinoids were able to reduce the dose of propofol necessary for induction by 23% when compared to the control group. The fsCBD-rich extract did not produce significant sedation within or between groups, although statistically significant differences in heart rate and systolic blood pressure were found. Discussion: Our findings indicate that phytocannabinoids could be an adjunct option in anesthesia, although further research is necessary to better confirm this data. Additionally, further research is needed to determine the best dosage, delivery method, time for administration, ideal molecular profile for desired effects, safety, drug-drug interactions, and transurgical effects.
ABSTRACT
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a common autoimmune skin disease in dogs. Conventional treatments, such as corticosteroids, can be effective but often have side effects. This case report presents a successful use of cannabinoid therapy (CT) in a dog with DLE resistant to conventional treatment. A 2-year-old mixed-breed dog with a history of DLE presented with worsening lesions despite treatment with corticosteroids and other medications. Liver enzymes levels were elevated, indicating corticosteroid-induced side effects. CT with a CBD-rich full spectrum Cannabis oil was initiated. The dosage was gradually adjusted until the minimum effective dose was found. Within a few weeks of starting CT, the dog showed significant improvement in skin lesions and in liver enzymes levels. After 1 year, the dog remains clinically stable on a low dose of full-spectrum CBD-rich oil. No evidence of DLE recurrence was observed. This case suggests that CT may be a viable alternative or complementary therapy for DLE in dogs, particularly for those experiencing adverse effects from conventional treatments. Further research is warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of CT for DLE management in dogs.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Dermatological consultations represent a great part of the small animal medical clinic routine. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common skin disease that affects a significant amount of dogs, making it a relevant consideration in clinical practice. The role of the endocannabinoid system on skin homeostasis has been described and its deregulation contributes to dermatopathies. Its function in specialized skin cells reveals an expressive therapeutic potential. Due to the difficulties and the growing scientific evidence of the therapeutic benefits of cannabis on animals, this work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of cannabis-derived oil in the treatment of CAD. Methods: Fourteen canines diagnosed with CAD were divided into two groups: T: full spectrum high cannabidiol (CBD) cannabis oil, 2,5 mg/kg; and C: control group (treated with olive oil alone). The effectiveness was evaluated based on the degree of pruritus, dermatological evaluation (CADESI-4) and histopathological evaluation of the skin including mast cell count. Results: Despite the theoretical basis, there were no significant results obtained between the compared treatments. Discussion: Thus, it can be concluded that although full spectrum high cannabinoids therapy presents a promising approach to immunological diseases, further research is required in order to establish the actual effective cannabinoid ratio within the myriad possible combinations and for multi-target therapy of CAD.
ABSTRACT
A cadeia da carne de frango no Brasil é um importante setor do agronegócio, ocupando a terceira maior produção mundial e o primeiro lugar nas exportações. Para atender a demanda, é fundamental minimizar os problemas de manejo, que causam o aparecimento de problemas fisiológicos. A seleção genética intensiva, que é usada na obtenção de taxas de crescimento mais rápidas para frangos de corte, contribuiu para que as linhagens melhoradas atuais sejam muito susceptíveis ao estresse térmico. Quando a temperatura ambiente se eleva acima da zona de termoneutralidade, a ave é submetida a uma condição de estresse, podendo gerar hipertermia aguda, alcalose respiratória, desequilíbrio eletrolítico, redução no consumo de alimento, menor taxa de crescimento, aumento na mortalidade e/ou até mesmo efeitos negativos na qualidade da carne, pela incidência de carnes pálidas e, em outros casos, escuras, interferindo nas propriedades como rendimento industrial, capacidade de retenção de água, cor e maciez. Os resultados de avaliação dos parâmentros de qualidade observados na literatura evidenciam que o estresse térmico, crônico ou agudo sofrido por frangos de corte geram consequências negativas sobre as propriedades funcionais da carne. São necessários mais estudos sobre essa questão, principalmente em relação ao Brasil, por ser um país tropical, com elevadas temperaturas, especialmente, no verão, para compreender, prevenir e contornar a extensão ou intensidade do estresse, evitando problemas e prejuízos para a cadeia da carne.
The chicken meat chain in Brazil is an important sector of agribusiness, accounting for the third largest world's production and first place in exports. To meet this demand, it is essential to minimize management problems, which cause the appearance of physiological problems. The intensive genetic selection used to obtain faster growth rates for broilers contributed for the current improved strains to become very susceptible to heat stress. When the environment temperature rises above the thermoneutrality zone, the bird is submitted to a stress condition, which can generate acute hyperthermia, respiratory alkalosis, electrolyte imbalance, reduction in food consumption, lower growth rate, increased mortality rate and even negative effects on meat quality due to the incidence of pale meat and dark in other cases, interfering in properties such as industrial yield, water holding capacity, color and tenderness. The results of the evaluation of quality parameters observed in literature showed that the heat stress, chronic or acute, suffered by broiler chickens, generates negative consequences on the functional properties of meat. Further studies with this research line should be conducted, mainly in Brazil, for being a tropical country with high temperatures in the summer in order to understand, prevent and overcome the extent or intensity of this stress, avoiding problems and damages to the meat chain.
