ABSTRACT
Radiation hazards of radionuclides arising from nuclear plant facilities are well known. Separation technologies are used to concentrate the radionuclides and prevent the spread of this hazard to the environment. The present review describes the recent advances made in radioactive waste treatment using membrane separation technology. The first part discusses the membrane methods for collective separation of radionuclides and the second part discusses the membrane methods for selective separation of individual radionuclides. For the collection separation of radionulides, methods include reverse osmosis, precipitation followed by ultrafiltration or microfiltration and membrane distillation. Individual elements have been separated using liquid supported membranes, polymer inclusion membranes, solid polymer based electrolysis, nanofiltration, electrochemical salt-splitting process and other advanced separation methods.
Subject(s)
Membranes, Artificial , Radioactive Waste , Waste Management/methods , Colloids , Electrochemistry/methods , Osmosis , Radioisotopes/isolation & purification , Ultrafiltration/methodsABSTRACT
In this paper, the degradation of simulated mixed organics commonly found in nuclear waste streams was studied under a combined influence of sonication and magnetic field. Nanoscale bimetallic iron-nickel was used as source of Fenton reaction. The data were fitted to obey second order kinetics. The extent of degradation followed the trend: TBP-EDTA-citric acid greater than TBP-EDTA, greater than TBP alone. The influence of the three variables that govern degradation behaviour viz. sonication energy, magnetic field and time were evaluated with response surface methodology. The model could predict the ratio of total organic carbon content to a maximum error of only â¼ 6%.
Subject(s)
Environmental Restoration and Remediation/methods , Iron/chemistry , Magnetics , Nickel/chemistry , Organic Chemicals/isolation & purification , Sonication , Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification , Kinetics , Radioactive WasteABSTRACT
Water is a major source for survival on this planet. Its conservation is therefore a priority. With the increase in demand, the supply needs to meet specific standards. Several purification techniques have been adopted to meet the standards. Magnetic separation is one purification technique that has been adapted from ore mining industries to anti-scale treatment of pipe lines to seeding magnetic flocculent. No reviews have come up in recent years on the water purification technique using magnetic assistance. The present article brings out a series of information on this water purification technique and explains different aspects of magnetism and magnetic materials for water purification.
