ABSTRACT
The growth of the long bones has been a subject of great importance lately, because it provides non invasive diagnosis of prenatal malformations. This study examines 116 tibia and fibula bones of Brazilian fetuses (17 males and 12 females) with gestational age ranging from the 16th to the 34th week postconception. Only fetuses with no visible congenital malformations and with normal biometric parameters were considered. The bones were measured with a 0.1 mm precision caliper and their Total Length (TL), the Ossified Diaphysis Length (ODL), the Diaphysis width (DW), the Proximal Epiphyss length (PEL) and the Distal Epiphyss Length (DEL) were studied. The Total Length (TL) and the Ossified Diaphysis Length (ODL) were correlated with those of the fetal Crown-Rump length (C-R). Our results have shown that there was an increase in all these measures, with no significant statistical difference observed between the left and the right sides. A significant correlation coefficient was found in most parts of the measurements studied. This study aims to provide data to be utilized in monitoring bone growth as well as in the diagnosis of the lower limb deformities during fetal period.
Subject(s)
Fetal Monitoring/methods , Fibula/embryology , Leg/abnormalities , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Tibia/embryology , Embryonic and Fetal Development/physiology , Female , Fibula/abnormalities , Gestational Age , Humans , Male , Tibia/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
The renal length growth was studied in 240 specimens taken from 120 staged human fetuses (74 males and 46 females). The gestational age of the fetuses ranged between 10 and 36 weeks postconception. The kidneys were measured for greatest length and the data correlated to fetal foot length by using the allometric method (Y = bXk). Equations and growth curves for males, females and whole sample are presented. The renal length grows with greater velocity in early gestation. These was no growth difference between left and right kidneys. During the third trimester, males fetuses presented renal length significantly greater than females. This study has practical utility in the quantitative determination of renal anomalies.
Subject(s)
Fetal Organ Maturity/physiology , Foot/embryology , Kidney/embryology , Age Factors , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
In a attempt to verify experimentally any possible alterations of epithelial cells of vas deferens caused by radiopaque substance, the right and left vasa deferential of 3 rats were injected respectively with saline solution (0.9 per cent NaCl) and Conray-400 (66.8 per cent sodium iodomethamate). 72 hours later, the animals were killed by cranial trauma and histolofical sections and electronmiucrographs of their vasa deferentia were observed. The histological sections of epithelial cells of left vasa deferentia showed a decrease in height and slight changes in stereocilia as compared with those of right contralateral vasa deferentia. Electronmicrographs displayed a reduction in number and size of stereocilia and alterations of many mitochondria in epithelial cells of left vasa deferentia
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Contrast Media/adverse effects , Vas Deferens/ultrastructure , Cilia/drug effects , Microscopy, Electron , Mitochondria/drug effects , Vas Deferens/drug effectsSubject(s)
Prostate/blood supply , Adult , Aged , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Dissecando 30 cadáveres (60 rins), os autores encontraram 93 artérias, sendo 44 direitas e 49 esquerdas, todas elas orignando-se diretamente da aorta: únicas, 33 vezes (55% ); duplas, 21 (35,0% ); triplas, seis (10,0% ). estes dados, levaram os autores, a concluir que poderia ser considerado "normal" anatômico a ocorrência de uma (33 vezes em 60 rins, 55,0% ) ou duas (21 vezes, 35,0% ) artérias renais para um mesmo rim, independentemente das variáveis lado, sexo e grupo étnico. Mais de duas artérias de cada rim (seis vezes em 60 rins, 10,0% ) poderia, entäo, ser considerado como variaçäo
