ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to any stage of glucose intolerance that begins or is first noticed during pregnancy. GDM has long been an issue in Saudi Arabia. When a pregnant woman who does not already have diabetes is unable to produce enough insulin, GDM develops. GDM patients not only run the danger of developing a number of health issues for themselves but also for the health of their developing fetus. The first step in GDM screening during pregnancy is raising awareness of the condition. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes with regard to GDM among pregnant women in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The sample size was 539 females from obstetrics and gynaecology clinics in civil and military hospitals. Data collection was done using a valid questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 539 women were included in the study, spanning various age groups from under 20 to above 40 years, with pregnancy occurrences ranging from one to four times. Most participants exhibited strong understanding, with 410 (76.1%) demonstrating awareness of GDM, and 382 (70.9%) having a clear grasp of its definition. Additionally, a majority displayed positive attitudes toward managing GDM. CONCLUSION: The Saudi women who participated in this study showed good knowledge of GDM and its risk factors, as well as a good attitude regarding the management of GDM and lifestyle modification to reduce its complications. The participants gave adequately logical answers about the sources of information about GDM and about the barriers to effective GDM management. A highly significant association was noticed between knowledge and attitude regarding GDM among the participants (p = <0.001).
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and the frequency of return to sport after the arthroscopic repair of a humeral avulsion of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) lesion. Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline via PubMed and OVID were searched to identify the relevant citations. Screening and data extraction were performed independently. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for all statistical analyses (CMA; USA version 3.3.070). A total of 18 articles (n = 832 patients; of whom, 379 patients had HAGL) were included. The fixed-effect estimate showed that the percentage of patients who returned to their sports was 89.1% (95% CI = 85% to 92.2%). The mean duration to return was estimated to be 6.65 months (95% CI = 5.10 to 8.20). Postoperatively, the mean Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS), and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) scores were 88.60 (95% CI = 86.18 to 90.98), 15.02 (95% CI = 7.42 to 22.63), and 86.90 (95% CI = 80.79 to 93.00), respectively. The Rowe score improved significantly postoperatively with a mean difference (MD) of 54.47 (95% CI = 39.28 to 69.66). The University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score increased significantly post-arthroscopic repair (MD = 10.91, 95% CI = 10.07 to 11.76). The current evidence suggests that arthroscopic repair of HAGL lesions is associated with a high percentage of return to sports and improved Rowe score, WOSI, UCLA shoulder score, OSIS scale, and SSV score. The quality of the included studies is moderate; however, these findings are promising and call for further multicenter, prospective studies.
