ABSTRACT
La particularidad política y social de la España franquista hizo que el desarrollo de la Enfermería no siguiera la misma trayectoria que en otros países, hecho que se constató con la aparición, en 1953, del título de Ayudante Técnico Sanitario (ATS), titulación única en el mundo que estaría vigente hasta 1980. En este trabajo se describen las Escuelas de ATS, su distribución y dependencia, ahondando en cómo fue el aprendizaje, el contexto social en el que se desarrollaron, cuáles fueron las peculiaridades de la enseñanza, y a qué intereses respondió la creación de las 194 escuelas fundadas por toda la geografía española, en las que privaba el papel técnico y en las que se fomentó la asistencia a los enfermos bajo la obediencia y sumisión estricta de las órdenes médicas (AU)
Political and social characteristics in Spain under Franco led to a different development of Nursing than in other countries, and this fact was confirmed with the creation in 1953 of the Degree in Technical Sanitary Assistant (TSA), unique in the world, and that would exist until 1980. This article describes TSA Schools, their distribution and affiliation, exploring the type of knowledge, the social context where they were developed, their characteristics of learning, and the interests met by the creation of the 194 schools founded throughout the Spanish geography, where patient care was encouraged under strict obedience and submission to medical orders (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Allied Health Personnel/education , Education, Nursing/history , History of Nursing , Nursing Assistants/education , Spain , Health Personnel/educationABSTRACT
Objective: to describe the coping of stoma patients with the news about the ostomy, as well as to analyze the meaning and the experience of their new bodily reality. Method: qualitative phenomenological study undertaken through semistructured interviews with 21 stoma patients. The analysis was based on the constant comparison of the data, the progressive incorporation of subjects and triangulation among researchers and stomal therapy nurses. The software Atlas.ti was used. Results: two main categories emerge: "Coping with the news about receiving a stoma" and "Meaning and experience of the new bodily reality". The informants' answer varies, showing situations that range from the natural acceptance of the process to resignation and rejection. The previous experiences of other family members, the possible reconstruction of the stoma or the type of illness act as conditioning factors. Conclusions: the coping with the news about the stoma is conditioned by the type of illness, although the normalization of the process is the trend observed in most informants. Nursing plays a fundamental role in the implementation of cognitive-behavioral interventions and other resources to promote the patients' autonomy in everything related to care for the stoma.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Body Image/psychology , Colostomy/psychology , Ileostomy/psychology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the coping of stoma patients with the news about the ostomy, as well as to analyze the meaning and the experience of their new bodily reality. Method: qualitative phenomenological study undertaken through semistructured interviews with 21 stoma patients. The analysis was based on the constant comparison of the data, the progressive incorporation of subjects and triangulation among researchers and stomal therapy nurses. The software Atlas.ti was used. Results: two main categories emerge: "Coping with the news about receiving a stoma" and "Meaning and experience of the new bodily reality". The informants' answer varies, showing situations that range from the natural acceptance of the process to resignation and rejection. The previous experiences of other family members, the possible reconstruction of the stoma or the type of illness act as conditioning factors. Conclusions: the coping with the news about the stoma is conditioned by the type of illness, although the normalization of the process is the trend observed in most informants. Nursing plays a fundamental role in the implementation of cognitive-behavioral interventions and other resources to promote the patients' autonomy in everything related to care for the stoma.
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o enfrentamento de pessoas ostomizadas diante da notícia da realização do estoma, assim como analisar o significado e a vivência diante de sua nova realizada corporal. Método: estudo qualitativo fenomenológico mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com 21 personas ostomizadas. Foi desenvolvido através da comparação constante de dados, incorporação progressiva de sujeitos e triangulação entre investigadores e enfermeiras especialistas em estomaterapia. Foi utilizado o software Atlas.ti. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias centrais: "Enfrentamento diante da notícia de que serão ostomizados" e "Significado e vivência da nova realidade corporal". A resposta dos informantes é variável, revelando situações que vão desde a aceitação natural do seu processo até a resignação e a rejeição. As experiências prévias de outros familiares, a possibilidade de reconstrução do estoma ou o tipo de doença são fatores condicionantes. Conclusões: o enfrentamento diante da notícia do estoma está condicionado pelo tipo de doença. Apesar disso, observa-se que a maioria dos informantes tende a normalizar o processo. A enfermagem tem papel fundamental na implementação de intervenções cognitivas-comportamentais e outros recursos destinados à promoção da autonomia dos pacientes em tudo relacionado ao cuidado do estoma.
RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el afrontamiento de personas ostomizadas ante la noticia de la realización de la ostomía, así como analizar el significado y la vivencia ante su nueva realidad corporal. Método: estudio cualitativo fenomenológico mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 21 personas ostomizadas. Se realizó análisis mediante comparación constante de datos, incorporación progresiva de sujetos y triangulación entre investigadores y enfermeras expertas en estomaterapia. Se empleó el programa Atlas.ti. Resultados: emergen dos categorías centrales: "Afrontamiento ante la noticia de que van a ser ostomizados" y "Significado y vivencia de la nueva realidad corporal". La respuesta de los informantes es variable, percibiéndose situaciones que van desde la aceptación natural de su proceso hasta la resignación y el rechazo. Las experiencias previas de otros familiares, la posibilidad de reconstrucción del estoma o el tipo de enfermedad, son factores condicionantes. Conclusiones: el afrontamiento ante la noticia del estoma está condicionado por el tipo de enfermedad, aunque la normalización del proceso es la tendencia observada en la mayoría de los informantes. Enfermería tiene un papel fundamental en la puesta en marcha de intervenciones cognitivos-conductuales y otros recursos destinados a la promoción de la autonomía de los pacientes en todo lo relacionado con el cuidado del estoma.