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1.
Andrologia ; 45(1): 1-9, 2013 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22571172

ABSTRACT

Infertility is estimated to affect up to 15% of couples of reproductive age. Among the male factors, globozoospermia (also called round-headed sperm syndrome) is a rare type of teratozoospermia accounting for <0.1% of male infertility. Lack of acrosome, whose production is a postmeiotic event in spermatogenesis, and round sperm head are its main characteristics. The acrosomeless spermatozoon is unable to go through the zona pellucida and fuse with the oolemma of the oocyte, and fertilisation failures have been attributed to a deficiency in oocyte activation capacity, even when intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is attempted. The pathogenesis of this anomaly is still unclear but genetic factors are likely to be involved. DNA fragmentation rate has been reported for 16 globozoospermic males, usually using the terminal uridine nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Most of the patients had a DNA fragmentation index (DFI) higher than that in fertile men. The rate of aneuploidy for some specific chromosomes was increased in 12 among the 26 globozoospermic males reported in the literature. The same results (high DFI and aneuploidy rates) were observed in infertile males compared to fertile men, notably in those with oligoasthenozoospermia or teratozoospermia, independently of the origins. Mutations or deletions in three genes, SPATA16, PICK1 and DPY19L2, have been shown to be responsible for globozoospermia. Proteins coded by the first two genes localise to the Golgi apparatus and the proacrosomal granules that are transported in the acrosome. It is likely that other proteins involved in the acrosome formation remain to be identified.


Subject(s)
Infertility, Male/genetics , Spermatozoa/abnormalities , Acrosome/pathology , Acrosome/physiology , Aneuploidy , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Cytogenetics , DNA Fragmentation , Homeodomain Proteins/genetics , Humans , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Infertility, Male/pathology , Infertility, Male/therapy , Male , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Mutation , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Sperm Head/pathology , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Sperm-Ovum Interactions/genetics , Sperm-Ovum Interactions/physiology , Vesicular Transport Proteins , Zona Pellucida
2.
Prog Urol ; 21(13): 946-54, 2011 Dec.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22118360

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report our 15-year experience in managing azoospermic males at the Brest University Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1996 to 2010, 90 azoospermic males were followed: 41 with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and 49 with obstructive azoospermia (OA). Surgical methods proposed for retrieving sperm were Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA) for men with OA and microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction (mTESE) for those with NOA. RESULTS: Spermatozoa were retrieved in 56.1% of the testicular biopsies for NOA. The embryo transfer rate per cycle for injection intracytoplasmique d'un spermatozoïde (ICSI) with epididymal spermatozoa (OA) was higher to that of ICSI with ejaculated spermatozoa (93.2% vs. 86.6%, P<0.05), but the rate was lower for ICSI with testicular sperm (NOA) (70.2% vs. 86.6%, P<0.01). The rate of clinical pregnancy per embryo transfer was 31.4% following ICSI with epididymal spermatozoa but it was of 24.2% with testicular sperm and 23.1% with ejaculated sperm. CONCLUSION: ICSI are usually difficult in NOA because they are done with very few spermatozoa. When spermatozoa are retrieved from surgical techniques, more than 50% of the OA couples and almost 30% of the NOA couples conceived at least one child.


Subject(s)
Azoospermia/surgery , Reproductive Techniques, Assisted , Sperm Retrieval , Adult , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Biopsy , Embryo Transfer , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome , Pregnancy Rate , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
3.
Andrologia ; 42(1): 27-34, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20078513

ABSTRACT

In the infertile male population, there is a 2-20-time higher probability of having a structural chromosomal abnormality than in general population. Generally, these men have a normal phenotype but they can have sperm abnormalities. As they can produce a variable proportion of unbalanced gametes, it is important to evaluate the percentage of unbalanced chromosomal spermatozoa to assess the risk of injecting a chromosomally unbalanced gamete during ICSI procedure. We report here the meiotic segregation analysis of chromosomes in spermatozoa of 12 men with a balanced reciprocal translocation and 4 men with a Robertsonian translocation using a fluorescent in situ hybridisation analysis. The frequencies of normal or balanced spermatozoa ranged from 34.4% to 49.1% in balanced reciprocal translocation carriers. For Robertsonian translocation, the frequencies of normal or balanced spermatozoa ranged from 78.4% to 91.2%. These analyses allow us to define the orientation of genetic counselling according to the results of meiotic segregation obtained. As a last resort, it could then be discussed of the possibility of having recourse to donor spermatozoa or adoption.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Segregation , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Infertility, Male/diagnosis , Meiosis/genetics , Spermatozoa/pathology , Translocation, Genetic , Humans , Infertility, Male/genetics , Karyotyping , Male
4.
Int J Androl ; 32(3): 231-4, 2009 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18217987

ABSTRACT

Semen analysis of a 31-year-old infertile man showed a severe oligoteratozoospermia. Karyotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed a 47,XY,+18[13]/46,XY[16] mosaicism. Cultured skin fibroblasts, right and left jugal smears showed 3, 50 and 65% trisomic cells respectively. The aim of the study was to evaluate the aneuploidy rates of chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 and 21 and the diploidy rate in his spermatozoa by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The rate of disomy 18 was significantly increased in the spermatozoa of the patient (0.68%) compared to the control group (0.06%). A statistically significant difference in the rates of disomy for chromosome 13 (0.46% vs. 0.14%) and the gonosomes (0.78% vs. 0.24%) and diploidy (0.93% vs. 0.34%) was also found between the patient and the control group. However, no significant difference was observed for chromosome 21 (0.34% vs. 0.15%). Our results show evidence of a generalized perturbation of the meiotic mechanism that could lead to an increased risk for a mosaic trisomy 18 infertile male of producing offspring with aneuploidy that is not only on account of the father's mosaicism, but also more particularly because of severe oligoteratozoospermia.


Subject(s)
Aneuploidy , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics , Oligospermia/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Male , Meiosis , Mosaicism , Semen Analysis , Spermatozoa , Trisomy
5.
Hum Reprod ; 23(1): 227-30, 2008 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17986483

ABSTRACT

Balanced reciprocal translocations are the most common structural abnormalities; most involve two autosomes while a few involve a gonosome (X or Y chromosome) and an autosome. These rearrangements are usually associated with infertility and/or a higher risk of chromosomal imbalances among offspring. This 26 years old man was first seen because of a 3-year history of primary infertility. He had been found to have a translocation, t(X;18)(q11;p11.1), inherited from his mother when he was 9 years old. Semen analysis showed a very severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). A total of 447 spermatozoa were analysed using three-colour fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The alternate segregation pattern, leading to a normal or balanced chromosomal content, was found in 54.36% of the spermatozoa studied. The frequencies of Adjacent I, Adjacent II, 3:1 segregation and diploidy (or 4:0 segregation) were 8.28, 5.14, 22.37 and 2.01%, respectively. Balanced reciprocal translocations between an autosome and the X chromosome lead to important disruptions in human spermatogenesis. Almost all the males with an X-autosome translocation have azoospermia. The man reported here had very severe OAT and is the first in whom the meiotic segregation pattern was analysed. This case further emphasizes the interest in performing FISH studies in infertile males with a chromosomal translocation to provide them with a personalized imbalance risk.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Segregation , Chromosomes, Human, X , Heterozygote , Infertility, Male/genetics , Spermatozoa/physiology , Translocation, Genetic , Adult , Asthenozoospermia/genetics , Humans , Karyotyping , Male , Meiosis/genetics , Mothers , Oligospermia/genetics , Spermatozoa/abnormalities
6.
Int J Androl ; 28(6): 372-9, 2005 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16300670

ABSTRACT

Somatic chromosomal abnormalities are frequently found in infertile men, particularly in those with low sperm count and/or seeking intracytoplasmic sperm injection. These abnormalities mostly consist of numerical sex chromosome abnormalities and translocations (Robertsonian or reciprocal). In this study, we searched for the occurrence of non-disjunction of chromosomes not involved in translocations during meiosis, phenomenon called interchromosomal effect (ICE) and first described by Lejeune (1965). Ejaculate samples of two patients carrying a Robertsonian translocation and four a reciprocal translocation patients and four controls (men with a 46,XY karyotype and normal sperm parameters) were studied in dual FISH 7-9, dual FISH 13-21 and triple FISH X-Y-18. A statistically significant increase of disomy X, Y and XY (P = 0.009, P = 0.004, P < 0.001) was found in the Robertsonian der(13;14)(q10;q10) carrier but not in the der(14;21)(q10;q10) carrier compared with controls. Among reciprocal translocation carriers, a significant increase of disomy 21 (P = 0.033) was observed in a sole patient with a t(9;22)(q21;q11.2). The increase of meiotic non-disjunction for chromosome 21 and sex chromosomes is a recurrent event found in other studies. According to our results and published data, the ICE on some specific chromosomes is likely in men carrier of a translocation, although it cannot be excluded that the aneuploidy is related to the oligoasthenoteratozoospermia usually present in these men. Moreover, this phenomenon showed interindividual variations which cannot be predicted. The risk of aneuploidy in sperm of males used for ICSI need to be evaluated. It could be superadded to that of meiotic segregation of the translocation to give a more precise and personalized risk assessment of aneuploidy in the offspring of those men.


Subject(s)
Aneuploidy , Infertility, Male/genetics , Translocation, Genetic/genetics , Adult , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 , Chromosomes, Human, X , Chromosomes, Human, Y , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Male , Middle Aged , Spermatozoa/abnormalities
7.
Hum Reprod ; 19(10): 2227-30, 2004 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15298974

ABSTRACT

The meiotic segregation pattern of 83 men carrying a balanced reciprocal translocation between two autosomes has already been published. Nevertheless, the question of intraindividual variations has not been addressed yet. A 32-year-old patient was found to be a carrier of a t(9;22)(q21;q11.2) during the investigations for a couple with infertility for 3 years. Two sperm samples were obtained at more than 3 months interval. Both sperm samples were analyzed in triple FISH with the D9Z1 and LSI BCR/ABL ES translocation probes. The frequency of gametes exhibiting a chromosomal imbalance was 45.32% and 42.1% in samples 1 and 2, respectively, with the unbalanced spermatozoa resulting from adjacent 1, adjacent 2, and 3:1 segregation in decreasing frequencies. No statistically significant difference was found between both segregation profiles. Four studies have analyzed the meiotic segregation pattern of translocations within families; they found similar profiles of meiotic segregation in each family, but not between families. This suggests, along with our results, that meiotic segregation is not a random process. More studies on intraindividual variations are necessary to allow a better understanding of the meiotic behaviour of chromosomal rearrangements and the practical interest of studies of this kind.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Heterozygote , Oligospermia/genetics , Oligospermia/pathology , Translocation, Genetic , Adult , Chromosome Segregation , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 , Chromosomes, Human, X , Chromosomes, Human, Y , Gene Frequency , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Male , Meiosis
8.
Int J Androl ; 27(3): 178-82, 2004 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15139974

ABSTRACT

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is now widely acknowledged as the most effective therapeutic approach to severe male infertility or unsuccessful in vitro fertilization. Cytogenetic investigations were performed in 370 females and 335 males prior to ICSI between January 1997 and April 2003. Nine men (2.7%) and 48 women (13%) had an abnormal karyotype, 44 females having some degree of numerical sex chromosome mosaicism. A review of the literature showed the prevalence of all types of chromosomal abnormalities to be much higher among male and female partners of couples examined prior to ICSI than among newborns. As most ICSIs are performed with ejaculated spermatozoa from oligospermic men, the distribution and the prevalence of the several types of chromosomal abnormalities are closer to those of oligospermic rather than azoospermic males. Our results combined with those of the literature stress the importance of karyotyping both male and female partners before ICSI is started. Adequate genetic counselling, possibly followed by prenatal diagnosis, should be offered if a chromosomal anomaly is detected.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Family Characteristics , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Female , Genetic Counseling , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infertility, Male , Karyotyping , Male , Mosaicism , Oligospermia , Prenatal Diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Sex Chromosomes
9.
Hum Reprod ; 17(10): 2552-5, 2002 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12351527

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown an increased frequency of constitutional chromosome aberrations in male and female partners of couples examined prior to ICSI. We conducted a cohort study to determine whether there was an increase in numerical sex chromosome mosaicism among couples undergoing ICSI compared with fertile couples. METHODS: Cytogenetic investigations were performed in 228 females and 208 males seen for ICSI between January 1997 and March 2001. They were matched to control females and males. RESULTS: Sex chromosome loss or gain was observed in at least one cell from 24.1% of ICSI women in comparison with 22% of controls (not significant). A significant difference between these two groups was found when X chromosome loss in at least two cells was considered, 9.6% for ICSI females versus 4.8% for controls (P = 0.01). No significant difference was observed between male groups concerning loss or gain of the X or Y chromosome. CONCLUSION: Our results support previously published studies indicating that the loss of an X chromosome in a single cell in females undergoing ICSI is probably an artefact. However, they suggest that a woman could have true sex chromosome mosaicism when two 45,X0 cells are found.


Subject(s)
Mosaicism , Sex Chromosome Aberrations , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Adult , Chromosomes, Human, X , Chromosomes, Human, Y , Female , Gene Deletion , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
10.
Forensic Sci Int ; 83(2): 133-46, 1996 Dec 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9022275

ABSTRACT

From a research sample of 138 corpses, divided into four subgroups of ambient storage temperature (0-5 degrees C, 6-10 degrees C, 11-15 degrees C and 16-23 degrees C) four linear regression formulae of actual versus estimated post-mortem interval were obtained ('interval' formulae) using a single outer ear temperature measurement on both sides. This method showed the best correlation coefficient among five other methods previously proposed for time of death determination (rectal temperature, vitreous K+, CSF K+, blood log NA+/K+ and log Cl-), however its results were less accurate than those obtained with a multivariate equation combining several of the above mentioned methods. Eventually an equation expressing time of death (TOD) as a function of outer ear temperature (OE T degrees) and ambient temperature was also established from the whole research sample ('global' formulae). On a different sample of 141 corpses the regression formulae ('interval' and 'global') for the outer ear temperature were compared to three methods based on a single rectal temperature measurement ('rule of thumb' 1 and 2, Henssge nomogram) and therefore useful at the scene; the results of all methods were compared within the four subgroups of ambient temperature as well as in three subgroups of different post-mortem interval lengths (< 7 h, < 10 h, < 15 h). In all cases the outer ear temperature formulae provided better results than the rectal temperature methods (especially Henssge nomogram and rule of thumb 1). Moreover they did not show any post-mortem plateau which was present in almost 30% of cases when rectal temperature was measured in corpses kept at ambient temperature above 15 degrees C. Our results show that outer ear temperature measurement is the method which provides the best simplicity/quality ratio and should therefore be proposed for use at the scene when conditions are similar to those of our experiment (within buildings). A software equipped thermometer is required in order to use in each case the appropriate formula and confidence interval.


Subject(s)
Death , Ear, External , Forensic Medicine/methods , Skin Temperature , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Algorithms , Body Temperature , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Research Design , Time Factors
12.
Presse Med ; 21(13): 625-7, 1992 Apr 04.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1534608

ABSTRACT

The serologically detected, male predominant s HY Ag is a surface glycoprotein. The structural gene would be located on the 6th chromosome and regulated by gonosomal genes. The presence of testes (or testicular remenants) is linked to the s HY antigen expression in most abnormalities of sexual differentiation. However, the basal s HY Ag value is sometimes increased in the absence of any testicular tissue, as in virilized females (21-hydroxylase deficiency, idiopathic or ovarian hirsutism). Homogametic sex s HY Ag may increase to heterogametic sex values under the action of androgens in mammals and that of oestrogens in birds.


Subject(s)
H-Y Antigen/genetics , Testis/physiology , Female , Gene Expression Regulation , Gonadal Dysgenesis/genetics , H-Y Antigen/immunology , H-Y Antigen/isolation & purification , Humans , Male
13.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 68(1): 58-62, 1989 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2521223

ABSTRACT

To investigate a possible relationship between lymphocyte H-Y antigen expression and plasma androgen concentrations in hirsute women, 27 hirsute women were studied. A significant increase in the percentage of H-Y-positive lymphocytes was found in both hirsute women with idiopathic hirsutism [13.4 +/- 2.9% (+/- SD); n = 15] and hirsute women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (13.0 +/- 2.8%; n = 12) compared to that in normal women (10.0 +/- 1.9%; n = 30; P less than 0.0005). Plasma testosterone and androstenedione concentrations, % H-Y+ lymphocytes, and hirsutism scores diminished during oral cyproterone acetate (50 mg/day) and percutaneous estradiol (3 mg/day) treatment. Significant correlations between % H-Y+ lymphocytes and hirsutism scores (P less than 0.001), % H-Y+ lymphocytes and plasma T concentrations (P less than 0.01) were found. We conclude that 1) women can produce H-Y antigen in the same way as men; 2) hirsutism is associated with an increase in H-Y antigen; and 3) the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate reduces H-Y antigen expression on lymphocytes.


Subject(s)
Cyproterone/analogs & derivatives , Estradiol/pharmacology , H-Y Antigen/immunology , Hirsutism/immunology , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Adult , Androstenedione/blood , Animals , Cyproterone/blood , Cyproterone/pharmacology , Cyproterone Acetate , Dehydroepiandrosterone/analogs & derivatives , Dehydroepiandrosterone/blood , Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate , Estradiol/blood , Female , Humans , Lymphocytes/immunology , Mice , Testosterone/blood
16.
Cancer ; 57(7): 1313-7, 1986 Apr 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3948114

ABSTRACT

Six cases of Swyer's syndrome (46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis) are reported. Three patients, without gonadal tumor, had female H-Y antigen. Three patients, after gonadal tumor ablation, had intermediate H-Y antigen levels. Repeated blood samples were obtained from two siblings. H-Y antigen level in the first sibling, who presented with a gonadoblastoma and underwent a gonadectomy before the H-Y assays, was intermediate, and did not show any significant variation for 21 months. H-Y antigen level in the second sibling showed an increase in the male range, presumably due to the presence of gonadoblastomas. After resection of the tumors, H-Y antigen level became intermediate. These findings suggest a relation between the tumorization potentiality of the gonadal remnants and the H-Y antigen levels in 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis.


Subject(s)
Dysgerminoma/immunology , Genital Neoplasms, Female/immunology , Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/immunology , Gonadal Dysgenesis/immunology , H-Y Antigen/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Dysgerminoma/complications , Female , Genital Neoplasms, Female/complications , Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY/complications , Humans , Karyotyping , Leukocytes/immunology , Male , Virilism/complications
17.
Experientia ; 40(3): 273-4, 1984 Mar 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6607847

ABSTRACT

H-Y antigen was found to be increased in lymphocytes from 10 female 21-hydroxylase deficiencies, suggesting a correlation between the degree of virilization of these patients and their H-Y + lymphocytes proportions. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate the ability of a 46,XX female subject to produce, in some circumstances, an excess of H-Y antigen.


Subject(s)
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital , H-Y Antigen/analysis , Lymphocytes/immunology , Steroid Hydroxylases/deficiency , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/immunology , Adult , Animals , Child , Disorders of Sex Development/immunology , Female , Hirsutism/immunology , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains
18.
Presse Med ; 12(14): 889-91, 1983 Mar 26.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6220341

ABSTRACT

The sex-differentiation H-Y antigen was studied in 5 males subjects with Y-chromosome polysomy. All had gonadal deficiency and significant decrease of H-Y antigen as compared with 77 normal 46, XY male controls. Men with additional Y-gonosomes may be hypogonadic or, more often, fertile, as was probably the case with the 3 patients with very high H-Y antigen titers previously described by other research workers. The phenotypic polymorphism of these subjects therefore seems to be parallel with their H-Y antigen polymorphism and there may be, in our 5 subjects, a relationship between abnormal spermatogenesis and H-Y antigen deficiency.


Subject(s)
H-Y Antigen/genetics , Sex Chromosome Aberrations/immunology , Adult , Female , Gene Expression Regulation , H-Y Antigen/analysis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , XYY Karyotype/immunology , Y Chromosome/immunology
19.
Ann Immunol (Paris) ; 132C(2): 157-65, 1981.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7030194

ABSTRACT

H-Y antigen was studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes from male and female subjects by indirect immunofluorescence. In males, 20% of lymphocytes were found to be H-Y+, compared with 9% in females. B- and T-cell-enrichment analysis showed a close correlation between the male B-lymphocyte count and the H-Y+-cell count. The method described is particularly applicable to the measurement of H-Y antigen in cases of ambiguous sex differentiation since it offers direct demonstration of H-Y antigen in the cells of the individual under examination.


Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes/immunology , H-Y Antigen/analysis , Animals , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Leukemia, Lymphoid/immunology , Male , Mice , Sex Factors
20.
J Natl Cancer Inst ; 62(1): 123-7, 1979 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-102858

ABSTRACT

Because killed Brucella abortus organisms cultured in smooth (S) or rough (R) phase were known to differentially influence humoral and cellular immune responses and to differ in their effects on T-dependent responses, the antitumor properties of killed B. abortus organisms, cultured in S- or R-phase and then inactivated, were compared in (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 female mice with the use of 6 different transplantable tumors. In solid tumors, the antitumor effects produced by S-preparations were never improved by R-preparations. However, in ascites tumors, R-preparations gave the best antitumor results. These findings suggested that the defense mechanisms acrivated by immunostimulants may differ according to the site of tumor implantation. Among the other experimental factors studied, the route of B. abortus administration had a prominent role. Local injection at the site of tumor implantation before or after the graft gave better results than did systemic treatment. Systemic treatment could enhance the growth of Lewis tumor when applied 5 or 10 days before tumor graft but generally had an antitumor effect when given 1 day after the graft.


Subject(s)
Brucella Vaccine/pharmacology , Graft Rejection , Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy , Animals , Brucella abortus/immunology , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Transplantation, Isogeneic
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