Laparoscopic fixation of volvulus by extra-peritonealization: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Volvulus is one of the leading causes of colonic obstruction with a high recurrence rate following endoscopic decompression. Although colonic resection remains the treatment of choice, it is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly patients. Colonic fixation with extra-peritonealization has been suggested as an alternative to colonic resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients with colonic volvulus in our initial experience with this procedure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of all patients who underwent colonic extra-peritonealization for volvulus between January 2016 and April 2021 in Sheba medical center (Ramat-Gan, Israel) was performed. Patients' demographics, clinical, peri-operative and post-operative data were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty nine patients were admitted due to acute colonic volvulus, 48 of whom were treated surgically. Eleven patients underwent extra-peritonealization of the sigmiod or cecum during the study period. Mean age was 64.5 years. Six patients (54.55%) were males. Seven patients (63.63%) presented with sigmoid volvulus and 4 (36.36%) with cecal volvulus. Median American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class was 3 (range 2-4). One patient (9.09%) was required urgent surgery. The majority of patients was operated on using a laparoscopic approach (10 patients, 90.9%). Median length of stay was 3 days (range 1-6 days) and no post-operative complications or readmissions within 30 days after surgery were recorded. Median length of follow-up was 283 days (range 21-777 days). During the follow-up period, three patients (27.27%) presented with recurrent volvulus and required an additional surgical intervention with colonic resection. Of the patients with volvulus recurrence, one patient (9.09%) required an urgent surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Extra-peritonealization of colonic volvulus is feasible and safe. Although recurrence rates are fairly high, the low morbidity associated with the procedure makes it an appealing alternative to colonic resection, especially in patients with high risk for post-operative complications.

[Sub-capsular renal hematoma during severe preeclampsia: clinical case and review of the literature]. / Hématome sous-capsulaire du rein compliquant une prééclampsie sévère: cas clinique et revue de la littérature.

Renal haematoma during severe preeclampsia is a rare uneventful event. It is usually associated with other organ injury such as cerebral or liver haematoma. Imaging (ultrasound or tomodensitometry examination) plays an important role in detecting this complication and following its evolution. In the current case report, we describe an isolated renal haematoma during a severe preeclampsia complicated by a HELLP syndrome. This patient was managed with a conservative treatment (control of arterial pressure and induction of delivery) and an imaging follow-up.

An individual scoring system for the prediction of postpartum anaemia.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum anaemia (PPA) is a common postpartum complication. The goal of this study was to prospectively construct a predictive score for individual risk of PPA. PATIENTS ET METHOD: We prospectively analyzed factors associated with PPA (<10gdL(-1) at 48hours postpartum). Parameters analyzed were demographic data, pregnancy characteristics, delivery and postpartum characteristics. Univariate analysis was performed using Anova or X(2); the Cox model was used for multivariate analysis. The scoring system was validated using ROC curve. RESULTS: Analysis was performed in 475 patients and validation was carried using an additional 95 patients. Multivariate analysis found four factors independently associated with PPA: anaemia during the third trimester of the pregnancy, Southeast Asian ethnic origin, episiotomy and severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) identified by the use of sulprostone. According to the score derived from the Cox model, patients were classified as low (22%, score=0), medium (55%, score=2 or 3) and high (86%, score>3) probability of PPA. Using the AUC of the ROC curve for both the first and the validation cohorts (performed on 95 further patients), we recorded AUCs of 72% and 70% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study allowed the derivation and validation of a predictive score of PPA. This score might be useful in targeting prophylactic strategies for PPA. Such strategies could include a more active treatment of iron deficiency (increasing oral iron treatment observance or intravenous iron therapy) especially in exposed population, improvement in the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage and decreasing the use of episiotomy. Future studies must focus on the external validation and generalisation of this scoring system.

[Upper jejunal atresia: treatment using jejunal resection, duodenal modeling and duodeno-jejunal or ileal anastomosis. Results in 13 newborn infants]. / Atrésies jéjunales hautes: traitement par résection jéjunale, modelage duodénal et anastomose duodéno-jéjunale ou iléale. Résultats chez 13 nouveau-nés.

13 high jejunal atresias, including 6 type IIIb apple peel small bowel deformities, have been treated by a one stage surgical procedure, including proximal jejunal resection, tapering duodenoplasty and end-to-end duodeno-jejunal or duodeno-ileal anastomosis. All 13 infants survived. There were no anastomotic leak or malfunction. 7 jejunal atresias with normal distal small bowel were fed a mean of 9 days post-operatively (range 4 to 12 days). Intra-venous fluids were discontinued at a mean of 18 days post-operatively (range 13 to 24 days). Patients, all premature babies, were discharged on the mean 30th post-operative day (range 24 to 40). 5 jejunal atresias with apple peel deformity were fed with an average post-operative delay of 21 days (range 12 to 24). All intra-venous fluids were discontinued at a mean of 48 days post-operatively (range 35 to 90). Average hospital stay was 78 days (45 to 120). In one case, an ileal diaphragm, unnoticed during the first operation was subsequently resected at age 45 days and an iterative tapering duodenoplasty was performed at the age of 8 months. Recovery was then uncomplicated and the child was discharged on a normal oral feeding at the age of 10 months. Functional obstruction of the intestine at the site of anastomosis often occurs in high jejunal atresias. 70% of mortality resulted from operative complications in atresias with apple peel deformity. Intestinal distension is the cause of anastomotic malfunction. After jejunal resection, the duodenum remains dilated and anastomosis cannot function properly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Treatment of malignant hyperthermia crisis during anesthesia]. / Traitement de la crise d'hyperthermie maligne de l'anesthésie.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH), triggered by anaesthesia, is a rare and potentially fatal condition. It requires immediate and specific treatment. This review focuses on anticipation and organisation of treatment. Anticipation means that dantrolene should be available, that an anaesthetic machine should be kept free from all vapours of halogenated anaesthetics, and methods of cooling should be planned. A prompt availability in all operating theatres of dantrolene and the required machines is emphasized. Treatment of a MH episode includes stopping the administration of triggering agents, administering dantrolene, correcting metabolic and respiratory acidosis, and cooling. Different aspects of the cardiovascular pharmacology of dantrolene are discussed. Other drugs are seldom required if proper treatment is started soon enough after the crisis. Complications may arise during a fulminant episode. They are difficult to treat, and may lead to sequelae. A rational approach to the treatment of hyperkalaemia, circulatory and renal failure is discussed. After the crisis, dantrolene should be continued for a short time. Finally, the nonspecific signs which can give the earliest diagnosis possible of MH are discussed: an early diagnosis and early treatment with dantrolene are essential in reducing the mortality of malignant hyperthermia.