ABSTRACT
Midline clefts of the lower lip and mandible are extremely uncommon. Couronne reported the first case in 1819, and fewer than 80 cases have been discovered in the literature to date. This case report describes a female infant who was born having a full midline cleft of the mandible and lower lip, as well as neck flexion contracture that extended from the lower lip to the manubrium sterni. A fenestrated type of acrylic splint was applied over the mandibular arch and fixed by circum-mandibular wiring. Fixation was done using a 0.5 interosseous wire passing through the prepared hole and tightened over a previously harvested rib bone graft.
ABSTRACT
Homophthalic anhydride reacts with different aromatic amines to produce N-substituted homophthalimides. Bromination of the latter produces 4,4-dibromo-homophthalimide derivatives that can be used as precursors for spiro-derivatives. The dibromo derivatives react with different binucleophilic reagents to produce several spiro-isoquinoline derivatives. Reaction of the dibromo derivatives with malononitrile produces dicyanomethylene derivatives which react with different binucleophiles to produce new spiro-derivatives. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds are proved using spectroscopic methods such as IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, showing weak or no antimicrobial activity. On the other hand select compounds showed promising antioxidant activities.
