ABSTRACT
Statins have grown to become an important class of medications in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. While lowering low-density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) levels, statins also have a role in stabilization and regression of atherosclerotic plaques. In the last two decades, there is a mounting body of evidence that suggests that statins and lowering serum lipid levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This review article provides a concise summary of the most important studies performed to date and the pathophysiology behind the association between statins and ICH.
Subject(s)
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Humans , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Cerebral Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Secondary PreventionABSTRACT
Pituitary adenomas are a common brain tumor that are frequently asymptomatic but may initially present with vision deficits or very rarely as meningitis thought to be due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage. In this case report we discuss the initial presentation of a pituitary macroadenoma as aseptic meningitis, particularly in the absence of an identifiable cerebrospinal fluid leak. We also discuss the workup and diagnostic challenges associated with this atypical presentation, including findings on imaging and pertinent laboratory results.
Subject(s)
Adenoma , Meningitis, Aseptic , Meningitis , Pituitary Neoplasms , Adenoma/complications , Adenoma/diagnosis , Humans , Meningitis/diagnosis , Meningitis/etiology , Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis , Meningitis, Aseptic/etiology , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically determined heart muscle disease; characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Spiral HCM is described as having a counterclockwise rotation pattern of hypertrophy along with variable degrees of fibrosis. A 34-year-old female presented with symptoms suggestive of heart failure. Echocardiography showed concentric LVH with normal contractility. Cardiac MRI showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy with mid-cavity obliteration and a spiral pattern of variably increasing wall thickness. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) demonstrated several areas of abnormal postgadolinium uptake. We report a case of spiral HCM. We should consider cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as the reference standard for diagnosing HCM.
