Subject(s)
Hydronephrosis/complications , Ureteral Diseases/etiology , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Humans , Klebsiella Infections/complications , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Male , Radiography , Ureteral Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Ureteral Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Ureteral Obstruction/etiologyABSTRACT
The effect of cholestyramine (4 g qid for 5 days) on the kinetics of phenytoin (400 mg orally) was investigated in normal subjects. Apart from a trend toward faster phenytoin absorption, the serum level profile of the drug during concurrent cholestyramine coadministration was similar to that observed in a control session. Areas under the serum phenytoin concentration curves were virtually identical in the two occasions. It is concluded that cholestyramine does not significantly affect the bioavailability of a single dose of phenytoin.
Subject(s)
Cholestyramine Resin/pharmacology , Phenytoin/pharmacokinetics , Adult , Biological Availability , Drug Interactions , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The effects of flurithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, on the disposition of a single oral dose of carbamazepine (CBZ) (400 mg) were investigated in seven normal subjects. Flurithromycin (2 x 250 mg thrice daily for 10 days) caused a slight increase in the CBZ area under the serum concentration curve and a moderate reduction in carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-E) levels. These results suggest that flurithromycin can inhibit the conversion of CBZ to CBZ-E, although, at the dosage tested, the magnitude of this effect was significantly smaller than that observed after administration of erythromycin in the same subjects.
Subject(s)
Carbamazepine/analogs & derivatives , Carbamazepine/metabolism , Erythromycin/analogs & derivatives , Adult , Carbamazepine/blood , Erythromycin/blood , Erythromycin/pharmacology , Half-Life , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The serum levels of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its 10,11-epoxide metabolite (CBZ-E) were determined in seven subjects after a single dose of CBZ (400 mg) in the control state and during co-administration of erythromycin (500 mg three times daily for 10 days). Erythromycin treatment was associated with a decrease in CBZ clearance and a prolongation of CBZ half-life, while CBZ-E levels were markedly reduced. These data provide evidence that erythromycin inhibits the conversion of CBZ to its epoxide metabolite.
Subject(s)
Carbamazepine/analogs & derivatives , Carbamazepine/metabolism , Erythromycin/pharmacology , Adult , Biotransformation/drug effects , Carbamazepine/pharmacokinetics , Depression, Chemical , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Prenatal Diagnosis , Thalassemia/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Italy , Male , Pregnancy , RiskABSTRACT
A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of human haemoglobin chains has been devised. Using a LiChrospher 100 CH-8/2 column and a ternary eluent (acetonitrile-methanol-0.155 M NaCl, pH 2.7) improved resolution was achieved between (delta beta) Lepore, beta A, beta S, alpha, G gamma and A gamma chains within a 60-min linear gradient. The A gamma T chain can also be separated by increasing the gradient time and decreasing the flow-rate. Silanophilic interactions play an important role in the retention mechanism, and NaCl addition was necessary in order to suppress adsorption on free silanols. Increasing the methanol concentration to 10% caused a slight increase in chain retention, probably owing to solvation of the stationary phase. The recovery was 82% and the reproducibility of retention times was as good as +/- 1.5%. Quantitation of chains is likely to be possible by peak area measurement. Owing to its sensitivity, the proposed method may be useful in the diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies and in the study of haemoglobin variants.
