Selection of rice breeding lines for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown in many countries around the world with different climatic conditions and a huge number of environmental stresses, both biotic (fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects) and abiotic (cold, drought, salinity) limit rice productivity. In this regard, breeders and scientists are trying to create rice lines that are resistant to multiple stresses. The aim of this work was to screen and select cold and blast resistant rice breeding lines (RBLs) using molecular markers. Molecular screening of RBLs and parental varieties to cold tolerance was carried out using markers RM24545, RM1377, RM231 and RM569 associated with QTLs (qPSST-3, qPSST-7, qPSST-9). It was discovered that the presence of three QTLs characterizes the cold resistance of studied genotypes, and the absence of one of them leads to cold sensitivity. As a result, 21 cold-resistant out of the 28 studied RBLs were identified. These cold resistant 21 RBLs were further tested to blast resistance using markers Pi-ta, Pita3, Z56592, 195R-1, NMSMPi9-1, TRS26, Pikh MAS, MSM6, 9871.T7E2b, RM224 and RM1233. It was revealed that 16 RBLs from 21 studied lines contain 5-6 blast resistance genes. In accordance with the blast resistance strategy, the presence of 5 or more genes ensures the formation of stable resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Thus, 16 lines resistant to multiple stresses, such as cold and blast disease were developed. It should be noted that 6 of these selected lines are high-yielding, which is very important in rice breeding program. These RBLs can be used in breeding process as starting lines, germplasm exchange as a source of resistant genes for the development of new rice varieties resistant to multiple stress factors.

Heritability and amylose content in hybrid lines of late-generation rice with colored pericarp.

Improving grain quality in rice breeding is one of the main tasks. This concerns the creation of rice varieties with colored pericarp uncommon in the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the assessment of its quality is an important stage of breeding. Rice with colored pericarp is an important dietary crop, more useful for the human body than white rice. Regardless of the type of rice, the amount of amylose in rice grain is a crucial indicator that determines the quality of rice. The paper presents the results of electrophoretic separation of spare grain proteins of rice hybrids and dihaploids with colored pericarp and their parent forms obtained as a result of the hybridization of varieties with colored pericarp (Black Rice (China), Mavr (Russia), and Yir 5815 (Ukraine)) with white rice varieties zoned in Kazakhstan. The hybridization of the rice varieties with colored pericarp with white rice varieties was carried out to obtain rice varieties with colored pericarp oriented to the soil and climate of Kazakhstan. Analyzing the results of electrophoresis and the amount of amylose, it was found that hybrid lines differed in amylose content. One of the studied hybrids was high in amylose, four had a medium amylose content, ten had a low amylose content, three had a very low amylose content, and six were glutinous. According to the results of electrophoretic separation of spare rice grain proteins, the spectrum of the enzyme determining amylose was detected in five hybrids, which corresponds to the results of spectrophotometric determination of amylose: high amylose in one hybrid and medium amylose content in four. The results show that the hybrids obtained as a result of hybridization are true hybrids and as a result of long-term selection, the amylose content in the F7-F8 hybrids stabilized. The hybrids can be used in further breeding of rice with colored pericarp.

[Comparison of efficacy of rivaroxaban and warfarin after open operations on the infrainguinal segment]. / Sravnenie éffektivnosti rivaroksabana i varfarina posle otkrytykh operatsii na infraingvinal'nom segmente.

The authors analysed oral anticoagulant agents prescribed in the postoperative period to patients after endured reconstructive operative intervention on arteries of the femorotibial segment. The study included a total of 104 patients subjected to femoropopliteal or femorotibial bypass grafting using an autologous vein or a prosthesis. Depending on the prescribed anticoagulation agent, the patients were subdivided into two groups. Group One patients (n=43) in the postoperative period received rivaroxaban, and Group Two patients (n=61) took warfarin. Efficacy of therapy was evaluated by the frequency of haemorrhage and thromboses in the early and remote postoperative periods. The findings of the immediate postoperative period demonstrated comparable rates of haemorrhagic complications, early thromboses and redo interventions in both Groups (p=0.7). The duration of long-term postoperative period varied from 3 months to 5 years. No statistically significant differences in patency of the performed reconstructions were revealed between the groups. The 3-year primary assisted patency rate in the rivaroxaban group and warfarin group amounted to 89 and 80%, respectively. The incidence of haemorrhagic complications in the postoperative period was insignificant in the studied groups. Hence, rivaroxaban may be prescribed in the early and remote postoperative period to patients who underwent open reconstructive operative intervention on arteries of the infrainguinal zone.

[Results of hybrid loop endarterectomy from the superficial femoral artery with the MultiTASC]. / Rezul'taty gibridnoi petlevoi éndarteréktomii iz poverkhnostnoi bedrennoi arterii petlei MultiTASC.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the results of hybrid loop endarterectomy from the superficial femoral artery (SFA) in its occlusion, preformed in a total of forty-two patients. Of these, 27 patients had prior to the intervention been diagnosed with stage II B ischaemia and 15 patients had been diagnosed as having critical ischaemia. Technical success of the operation amounted to 88%, with the frequency of early thromboses equalling 2.7%. In the early postoperative period, one patient died of acute myocardial infarction. The 1-, 2- and 3-year remote cumulative primary patency rate amounted to 81, 74 and 74%, respectively. There were no amputations performed within the timeframe of the follow-up period. The technique of hybrid loop endarterectomy with the MultiTASC loop followed by stenting of the proximal portion of the popliteal artery in occlusion of the SFA and stenoses of the common femoral artery has proved to be a highly efficient intervention yielding good immediate and remote results.

[TRAUMATIC INTRAORGANIC HEPATIC AND SPLENIC HEMATOMAS].

An analysis of application results of complex research methods of diagnostics of intraorganic hepatic and splenic hematomas was made. At the same time, options of these methods were used for determination of prescription of injury. The ultrasound, CT, MR-imaging, videolaparoscopy, angiography, Doppler ultrasonics, impedometry, biochemical, laboratory and cytological study of punctate sample from hematomas were applied for this purpose in 33 patients. According to authors, an evolution of hematomas happened in 3 stages, each of this stage was characterized by specified data associated with investigation results. The staging procedure of hematomas or their evolution allowed setting the prescription of injury.