ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate 1-year hand bone loss (HBL1-year) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with a methotrexate (MTX) and intra-articular triamcinolone treat-to-target strategy +/- adalimumab and to determine if HBL6months is associated with radiographic progression after 2 years. In a clinical trial (OPERA) of 180 treatment-naive early RA patients, bone mineral density (BMD) was estimated from hand radiographs with digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) at baseline, after 6 (n = 90) and 12 months (n = 70) of follow-up. Baseline and 2-year radiographs were scored according to the Sharp/van der Heijde method. Baseline characteristics and HBL6months (0-6 months changes in DXR-BMD) were investigated as predictors of structural damage by univariate linear (∆ total Sharp/van der Heijde score (TSS) as dependent variable) and logistic (+/-radiographic progression (∆TSS >0) as dependent variable) regression analyses. Variables with p < 0.10 were included in multivariable models. In 70 patients with available HBL1-year data, HBL1-year was median (interquartile range (IQR)) -1.9 (-3.3; -0.26 mg/cm2) in the MTX + placebo group and -1.8 (-3.6; 0.06) mg/cm2 in the MTX + adalimumab group, p = 0.98, Wilcoxon signed-rank. Increased HBL (compared to general population reference values) was found in 26/37 and 23/33 patients in the MTX + placebo and MTX + adalimumab groups, chi-squared = 0.99. In 90 patients with HBL6months data and 2-year radiographic data, HBL6months was independently associated with ∆TSS after 2 years (ß = -0.086 (95% confidence interval = -0.15; -0.025) TSS unit/mg/cm2 increase, p = 0.006) but not with presence of radiographic progression (∆TSS >0) (OR 0.96 (0.92-1.0), p = 0.10). In early RA patients treated with a methotrexate-based treat-to-target strategy, the majority of patients had increased HBL1-year, irrespective of adalimumab; HBL6months was independently associated with ∆TSS after 2 years.
Subject(s)
Adalimumab/administration & dosage , Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis , Hand Bones/diagnostic imaging , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Absorptiometry, Photon , Adalimumab/adverse effects , Adult , Algorithms , Antirheumatic Agents/adverse effects , Bone Density , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/chemically induced , Denmark , Disease Progression , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Linear Models , Male , Methotrexate/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To study clinical and radiographic outcomes after withdrawing 1 year's adalimumab induction therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis (eRA) added to a methotrexate and intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide treat-to-target strategy (NCT00660647). METHODS: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)-naive patients with eRA started methotrexate (20â mg/week) and intra-articular triamcinolone (20â mg/ml) for 2 years. In addition, they were randomised to receive placebo adalimumab (DMARD group, n=91) or adalimumab (40â mg/every other week) (DMARD+adalimumab group, n=89) during the first year. Sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine were added if disease activity persisted after 3 months. During year 2, synthetic DMARDs continued. Adalimumab was (re)initiated if active disease reoccurred. Clinical response, remission, disability, quality of life and radiographic changes were assessed. RESULTS: One year after adalimumab withdrawal, treatment profiles and clinical responses did not differ between groups. In the DMARD/DMARD+adalimumab groups, the median 2-year methotrexate dose was 20/20â mg/week (p=0.45), triple DMARD therapy had been initiated in 33/27 patients (p=0.49), adalimumab was (re)initiated in 12/12 patients and cumulative triamcinolone dose was 160/120â mg (p=0.15). The treatment target (disease activity score, 4 variables, C-reactive protein (DAS28CRP) ≤3.2 or DAS28>3.2 without swollen joints) was achieved at all visits in ≥85% of patients in year 2; remission rates were DAS28CRP<2.6:69%/66%; Clinical Disease Activity Index ≤2.8:55%/57%; Simplified Disease Activity Index <3.3:54%/49%; American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism (28 joints):44%/45% (p=0.66-1.00). Radiographic progression (Δtotal Sharp score/year) was similar 1.31/0.53 (p=0.12). Erosive progression (Δerosion score (ES)/year) was year 1:0.57/0.06 (p=0.02); year 2:0.38/0.05 (p=0.005). Proportion of patients without erosive progression (ΔES≤0) was year 1: 59%/76% (p=0.03); year 2:64%/79% (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: An aggressive triamcinolone and synthetic DMARD treat-to-target strategy in eRA provided excellent 2-year clinical and radiographic disease control independent of adalimumab induction therapy. ES progression was slightly less during and following adalimumab induction therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00660647.
Subject(s)
Antirheumatic Agents/administration & dosage , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage , Methotrexate/administration & dosage , Triamcinolone/administration & dosage , Adalimumab/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology , Disease Progression , Double-Blind Method , Drug Administration Schedule , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Injections, Intra-Articular , Maintenance Chemotherapy/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography/methods , Remission Induction , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
At least 30% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not respond to biologic agents, which emphasizes the need of predictive biomarkers. We aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) predictive of response to adalimumab in 180 treatment-naïve RA patients enrolled in the OPtimized treatment algorithm for patients with early RA (OPERA) Study, an investigator-initiated, prospective, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomized to adalimumab 40 mg (n=89) or placebo-adalimumab (n=91) subcutaneously in combination with methotrexate. Expressions of 377 miRNAs were determined using TaqMan Human MicroRNA LDA, A Card v2.0 (Applied Biosystems). Associations between miRNAs and treatment response were tested using interaction analyses. MiRNAs with a P-value <0.05 using three different normalizations were included in a multivariate model. After backwards elimination, the combination of low expression of miR-22 and high expression of miR-886.3p was associated with EULAR good response. Future studies to assess the utility of these miRNAs as predictive biomarkers are needed.
Subject(s)
Adalimumab/therapeutic use , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , MicroRNAs/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The innate immune system contributes to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A potent contributor to such processes is the complement system. The complement system is known to be activated in the inflammatory phases of osteoarthritis (OA). The lectin pathway of the complement system is activated through the recognition of pathogens or altered self-structures by mannan-binding lectin (MBL) or one of the three ficolins in collaboration with MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs). We assessed the lectin pathway in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) of 27 RA patients and 30 OA patients by measuring MBL, MASP-2, MASP-3, M-ficolin, and H-ficolin. The concentration for all 5 proteins was significantly higher in plasma than in SF (P < 0.001) and the concentration in paired plasma and SF samples correlated in both RA and OA (significance levels between <0.001 and 0.02). The ratio of SF/plasma concentration was for all proteins significantly elevated in RA compared with OA patients (all P < 0.001). The M-ficolin concentration correlated with the neutrophils in both plasma (P = 0.01) and SF (P < 0.001) of RA, and in plasma of 78 controls (P = 0.03). To our knowledge, this is the first report on these proteins in SF, except for MBL where our results are in contrast to the one previous publication. The results support an important physiological role of the neutrophils in determining the M-ficolin levels in both RA and healthy adults. We suggest that quantifications of white blood cells should be included in future clinical investigations of M-ficolin.