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2.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 35(2): 127-31, 2006 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15955664

ABSTRACT

Reports have shown that severe midface trauma causes blindness and visual impairment but information from sub-Saharan Africa is sparse. A retrospective analysis was carried out of patients who sustained trauma to the midface and subsequently lost vision in one or both eyes. There were 25 males and 7 females whose ages ranged from 5 to 65 years (mean +/- SD, 33 +/- 13.3 years). All patients presented between 1 h and 7 days of sustaining injury (mean +/- SD, 1.9 +/- 1.9 days). Road traffic accidents (37.5%) and gunshot injuries (34.4%) were the commonest causes. Of the 32 patients identified with loss of vision, half sustained fractures of the zygomatic complex while a total of 54 soft-tissue and bony injuries were recorded. The majority of patients (68.8%) had a ruptured globe, followed by vitreoretinal haemorrhage and traumatic optic neuropathy in 18.7% and 12.5%, respectively. Visual acuity ranged from 6/60 to 'no light perception'. Surgical exploration, enucleation, evisceration or exenteration was the treatment method used for those with ruptured globes. About 10.8% of patients with severe midface trauma also sustained loss of vision in one eye. Loss of vision associated with severe midface trauma is most likely to occur with road traffic accidents and gunshot injuries. High impact from such incidents often causes extensive damage to the eyeball resulting in immediate and irreversible blindness.


Subject(s)
Blindness/etiology , Facial Bones/injuries , Facial Injuries/complications , Accidents, Traffic , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Eye Injuries/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nigeria , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Wounds, Gunshot/complications
5.
Afr J Med Med Sci ; 32(1): 95-8, 2003 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15030076

ABSTRACT

Proximal jejunal atresia (PJA) is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in the newborn. Despite the need for an early surgical intervention to minimize morbidity and mortality, a timely identification is frequently precluded by the absence of specific clinical and investigative clues. Against the background of the limitations in making a timely diagnosis of PJA in a tropical setting, where opportunities for high-tech imaging tools are few, we report the diagnostic value of the "triple bubble" sign on the plain radiograph of a Nigerian infant. This radiologic finding led to an early diagnosis and ultimately a prompt surgical extirpation. The paper suggests that the presence of this sign should be a pointer to an early diagnosis of PJA.


Subject(s)
Intestinal Atresia/diagnostic imaging , Jejunum/abnormalities , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Radiography, Abdominal
6.
Afr J Med Med Sci ; 32(2): 119-29, 2003 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15032456

ABSTRACT

Ultrasonography is a diagnostic medical procedure that employs high frequency sound waves to produce dynamic visual images of organs, tissues, or blood flow inside the body. Until recently it found little application in oral and maxillofacial surgery despite the fact that it is readily available, non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, painless and can be repeated as often as possible without risk to the patient. This article reviews the available literature on the ultrasonographic examination of the head and neck with particular reference to oral and maxillofacial surgery and evaluates the applications of this imaging modality in modem clinical practice. It further highlights the need for clinicians to explore and fully appreciate the diagnostic value of this highly under-utilised imaging modality.


Subject(s)
Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Craniomandibular Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Maxillofacial Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Craniofacial Abnormalities/surgery , Craniomandibular Disorders/surgery , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Humans , Maxillofacial Injuries/surgery
7.
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 40(5): 433-7, 2002 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12379192

ABSTRACT

We did a retrospective survey of 34 patients who sustained facial injuries after animal associated incidents and presented to three Nigerian teaching hospitals. There were 27 male (79%) and 7 female patients, whose ages ranged from 6 to 40 years. Sixteen (47%) were less than 15 years. Cows (n=14), camels (n=9), and donkeys (n=6) were the most commonly involved. Three dog bites were seen. Knocks from cows' horns (n=9) were the predominant mechanism of injury, followed by falls (n=8) and kicks (n=7). There were many facial lacerations and fractures, and the cheek (n=14), forehead (n=13), and chin (n=10) were the most common sites of soft tissue injury. All injuries were considered to be contaminated irrespective of the duration of the injury. Treatment consisted of thorough debridement and irrigation, primary closure where feasible, and secondary reconstruction in others. All patients were given prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics. Overall, outcome was satisfactory except for a few cases of scar formation, facial nerve palsy, and partial laryngeal stenosis. Associated injuries were recorded in nine cases (27%), with rupture of the globe in three patients (9%). One patient died of associated abdominal injuries after being trampled by a herd of cattle. There is a need for adequate protective measures to forstall animal-related incidents that could result in severe facial and other injuries.


Subject(s)
Animals, Domestic , Maxillofacial Injuries/etiology , Maxillofacial Injuries/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Bites and Stings , Camelus , Cattle , Child , Dogs , Equidae , Female , Hoof and Claw , Horns , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies
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