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1.
Neuroscience ; 549: 65-75, 2024 Jun 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38750924

ABSTRACT

Recent evidence has supported a pathogenic role for neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Inflammatory response has been associated with symptoms and subtypes of PD. However, it is unclear whether immune changes are involved in the initial pathogenesis of PD, leading to the non-motor symptoms (NMS) observed in its prodromal stage. The current study aimed to characterize the behavioral and cognitive changes in a toxin-induced model of prodromal PD-like syndrome. We also sought to investigate the role of neuroinflammation in prodromal PD-related NMS. Male mice were subjected to bilateral intranasal infusion with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or saline (control group), followed by comprehensive behavioral, pathological and neurochemical analysis. Intranasal MPTP infusion was able to cause the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). In parallel, it induced impairment in olfactory discrimination and social memory consolidation, compulsive and anxiety-like behaviors, but did not influence motor performance. Iba-1 and GFAP expressions were increased in the SN, suggesting an activated state of microglia and astrocytes. Consistent with this, MPTP mice had increased levels of IL-10 and IL-17A, and decreased levels of BDNF and TrkA mRNA in the SN. The striatum showed increased IL-17A, BDNF, and NFG levels compared to control mice. In conclusion, neuroinflammation may play an important role in the early stage of experimental PD-like syndrome, leading to cognitive and behavioral changes. Our results also indicate that intranasal administration of MPTP may represent a valuable mouse model for prodromal PD.


Subject(s)
Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Prodromal Symptoms , Substantia Nigra , Animals , Male , Substantia Nigra/metabolism , Substantia Nigra/pathology , Substantia Nigra/drug effects , Dopaminergic Neurons/pathology , Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism , Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects , Neuroinflammatory Diseases/pathology , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Corpus Striatum/pathology , Mice , Microglia/metabolism , Microglia/pathology , Inflammation/chemically induced , Inflammation/metabolism , Inflammation/pathology , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Anxiety/etiology , 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
2.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 22(4): 318-323, dic.-mar. 2017. ilus., graf.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1096002

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, helminth infections are a public health problem that have a close relationship with poverty, low hygienic conditions of the population and deficiency of basic sanitation. Soil contamination by human and animal fecal matter is an important factor in the transmission of intestinal parasitoses, especially in most of the Brazilian coast, since the presence of sewage discharge channels and wandering animals, potentially transmitting parasitoses in areas frequented by bathers, is quite frequent. This study had the objective to evaluate the parasitological conditions in the sand strip of the estuary of Barra Nova, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Material and methods: The samples were collected over a year and were analyzed at the Laboratory of Parasitology, University Center of Northern Espírito Santo, at the Federal University of Espírito Santo. The techniques of spontaneous sedimentation and flotation were applied in a total of 120 sand samples. Results: The study indicated that 20% of the samples were positive for hookworm larvae and parasitic forms were found at all collection stations. Conclusions: Considering the importance of parasites in the context of public health, since parasitic diseases are more frequent in less developed regions and are intrinsically related to issues such as soil and water use conditions, the results indicate the need for the permanent application of preventive and educational measures, control and treatment of the affected population


No Brasil, as helmintoses constituem um (En Brasil, las helmintiasis constituyen un) problema de saúde pública que mantém estreita relação com pobreza, baixa condição higiênica da (mantiene una estrecha relación con la pobreza, las malas condiciones higiénicas de la) população e deficiência de saneamento básico. A contaminação do solo (contaminación del suelo) por matéria fecal humana e animal é um importante fator (y animal es un importante factor) de transmissão de parasitoses intestinais, especialmente em grande parte do (en gran parte del) litoral brasileiro, uma vez que é (ya que es) bastante frequente a presença de canais de descargas de esgoto e (presencia de canales de descarga de aguas residuales y) animais errantes, potencialmente transmissores de parasitoses em áreas frequentadas pelos banhistas (por los bañistas). Como objetivo, o presente estudo avaliou as condições parasitológicas na faixa de areia do (evaluó las condiciones parasitológicas en la franja de arena del) estuário de Barra Nova, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Material e métodos: As coletas foram realizadas ao longo de um ano e as amostras (La recolección se hizo a lo largo de un año y las muestras) analisadas no Laboratório de Parasitologia, do Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Foram aplicadas as técnicas de sedimentação espontânea e de flutuação em um (y de fluctuación en un) total de 120 amostras de areia. Resultados: O estudo indicou (El estudio señaló) que 20% de amostras estavam positivas para larvas de ancilostomídeo e em todas as estações (y en todos los puntos) de coleta foram encontradas formas parasitárias. Conclusões: Considerando a importância das parasitoses no contexto da (de las parasitosis en el ámbito de la) saúde pública, uma vez que as doenças parasitárias são mais (ya que las enfermedades parasitarias son más) freqüentes em regiões menos desenvolvidas e estão (desarrolladas y están) intrinsicamente relacionadas a questões como condições de uso do solo e da água os (cuestiones tales como las condiciones de uso del suelo y del agua los) resultados indicam a necessidade de aplicação permanente de medidas educativas, preventivas, controle e tratamento da população afetada (de la población afectada)


Subject(s)
Parasitology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Zoonoses , Hygiene , Public Health , Sanitary Profiles , Basic Sanitation , Environmental Pollution , Helminthiasis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
3.
Rev. patol. trop ; 43(3): 323-331, 2014. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-836280

ABSTRACT

Estima-se que o Schistosoma mansoni esteja presente em 19 estados brasileiros e um dos fatores responsáveis pela expansão da esquistossomose é a migração de indivíduos de áreas endêmicas, principalmente do Nordeste do país. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência da esquistossomose entre trabalhadores, migrantes da Região Nordeste do país, que atuavam em Conceição da Barra, norte do Espírito Santo, no corte da cana-de-açúcar para uma indústria de produção de álcool. Para a determinação dos parasitos intestinais, foram utilizadas as técnicas de sedimentação espontânea e Kato-Katz. Dos 287 indivíduos analisados, 45 (15,7 por cento), provenientes dos estados de Alagoas, Pernambuco e Bahia, estavam positivos para S. mansoni. Do total de positivos, 38 (84,4 por cento) eram provenientes do estado de Alagoas, 6 (13,3 por cento) do estado de Pernambuco e apenas 1 (2,2 por cento) do estado da Bahia. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de expansão da esquistossomose na região norte do Espírito Santo.


It is estimated that Schistosoma mansoni is present in 19 Brazilian states and one of the factorsresponsible for the spread of schistosomiasis is the migration of individuals from endemic areas,particularly from northeastern Brazil. In the municipality of Conceição da Barra, northern stateof Espírito Santo, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of schistosomiasis amongsugarcane cutting workers in the alcohol industry, who migrated from the northeastern region ofthe country. For the diagnosis of intestinal parasites, spontaneous sedimentation and Kato-Katztechniques were used. Of the 287 individuals analyzed, 45 (15.7 por cento), from the states of Alagoas,Pernambuco and Bahia, were positive for S. mansoni. Of the total positive individuals, 38 (84.4 por cento)were from the state of Alagoas, 6 (13.3 por cento) from Pernambuco and 1 (2.2 por cento) from Bahia. The resultsindicate the possibility of schistosomiasis expansion in the northern state of Espírito Santo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Emigrants and Immigrants , Neglected Diseases , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis
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