ABSTRACT
Introduction: Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease (ACKD) is a known complication in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, and it is associated with a high risk of malignant transformation. There is a paucity of data on ACKD in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with acquired cystic kidney disease in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: patients on maintenance hemodialysis were screened for ACKD. Patients with hereditary cystic kidney disease were excluded. Renal ultrasounds were performed by two radiologists. ACKD was defined as 3 or more bilateral renal cysts in a small or normal size kidney. Associated factors were determined using logistic regression. A p-value <0.05 was significant. Results: a total of 158 participants were enrolled and 61.4% (97) were male. Their mean (SD) age was 45.8 (14.9) years. The median dialysis vintage was 33.5 [10.7-63.2] months. The mean (SD) length of the kidneys was 85.1 (17.5) mm on the left and 81.2 (17.1) mm on the right. The prevalence of ACKD was 31.6% (n=50). Septated cysts (4), calcification of the wall of the cysts (2), irregular thick calcified wall (1), septated cysts with calcification (1) and hemorrhagic cyst (1) cysts were also observed. Dialysis vintage > 36 months (OR 7.1, 95% CI: 3.3 - 15.5) and male sex (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.6) were independently associated with ACKD. Conclusion: the prevalence of ACKD is high in a population of Cameroonians on maintenance. This result calls for the implementation of strategies to screen for the condition and its complications.
Subject(s)
Cysts , Kidney Diseases, Cystic , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Kidney Neoplasms , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Kidney Diseases, Cystic/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases, Cystic/etiology , Cysts/etiology , Cysts/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complicationsABSTRACT
Introduction: the infraorbital foramen (IOF) is a hole located in the maxillary bone and delivering passage to the infra orbital vascular-nervous bundle. It is an essential structure in the management of orofacial pathologies. Its precise location allows optimal anesthesia of the infraorbital nerve during cleft lip and palate surgery or alcoholization during the management of essential V2 neuralgia. The aim of our research was to determine the morphology and morphometry of the infraorbital foramen in a sample of the Cameroonian population. Methods: we included 208 CT-scans of patients meeting our search criteria. We determined the shape of the IOF and evaluated the transverse and vertical diameters of the IOF. We assessed the distance of the IOF from the maxillary alveolar crest and the infraorbital margin. The Student test was used to determine the association between different variables. The P-value of 0.05 was considered significant and the confidence interval was 95%. Results: male subjects represented 52.4% (n=109) of our participants and the mean age of our population was 26 years ± 7.3. The mean transverse diameter of the left IOF was 1.97 mm ± 0.51 while 1.78 mm ± 0.53. The IOF was more often medial to the lateral palpebral commissure-nasal wing line on the left and right (78.8% and 72.6%, respectively). Our sample showed that in 54.6% (n=113) of subjects, the IOF was oval on the left side, whereas on the right side, the IOF was oval in 52.3% (n=109) of patients. Conclusion: our study showed that to locate the IOF in a Cameroonian individual, one must palpate the vestibular mucosa opposite the maxillary first molar. Then, one must follow the line passing over this tooth, the IOF is located at about 7 mm from the infra-orbital border and 16 mm from the lateral nasal wall. We have shown that the IOF is located medial to the line connecting the nasal wing to the external palpebral commissure.
Subject(s)
Anesthesiology , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Humans , Adult , Male , Maxilla/diagnostic imaging , Cameroon , Cadaver , Orbit/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION :Les vertebres transitionnelles lombosacrees (VTLS) et le spina bifida occulta (SBO) peuvent entrainer des lombalgies en particulier chez des sujets jeunes. Du fait de leur origine genetique; leur distribution pourrait varier en fonction des races ; pourtant leur prevalence demeure largement inconnue en Afrique. OBJECTIFS : Determiner la prevalence des VTLS et du SBO chez des noirs africains souffrant de lombalgie chronique. PATIENTS ET MeTHODES 575 radiographies du rachis lombaire (incidences de face et de profil) de patients noirs africains souffrant de lombalgie chronique ont ete revues a la recherche de VTLS de SBO. Les VTLS ont ete classees selon le systeme de Castellvi. Les proportions d'anomalies par sexe ont ete comparees par le test de Fisher. ReSULTATS L'age median des sujets etait de 44 ans [15 a 80 ans] et le sex ratio femme/homme de 1.03. La prevalence globale des VTLS et du SBO etait de 13;6 et 2;1 respectivement. Les VTLS etaient plus frequentes dans la population masculine avec une predominance du type IIa. La frequence du SBO n'etait pas influencee par le sexe. CONCLUSION :La prevalence de VTLS et de SBO chez le sujet noir africain souffrant de lombalgies est similaire a celles retrouvees dans les series caucasiennes et asiatiques
