ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between dental malocclusion and speech to understand the etiology of speech sound disorders (SSD) in schoolchildren and to make a correct diagnosis and treatment plan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articulation and dental occlusion, oromyofunctional evaluation with orofacial praxis and musculature, resting tongue position, and swallowing pattern were analyzed in 290 schoolchildren between the ages of 4 and 7 years. Statistical tests were considered significant for P < .05. RESULTS: A significant association between dental malocclusions (Angle Class II and III, anterior open bite, edge-to-edge bite, overjet and anterior crossbite) and phonetic alterations (P = .008) was observed. Sigmatisms and rhotacisms were the most frequent disorders. Malocclusions also showed a significant association with oral habits and with orofacial praxis and muscle activity. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of malocclusion can cause imbalances in the functions involved in the stomatognathic system. Awareness of this relationship in young children would help professionals to implement preventive measures for the optimum development of children's oral health.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Malocclusion , Open Bite , Overbite , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Malocclusion/etiology , Malocclusion, Angle Class II/complications , Overbite/complications , Prevalence , Tongue Habits/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Dyslalia or sound speech disorder is the most common speech production difficulty among school children. This epidemiological study aims to know the prevalence of SSD in school children and to analyze the relationship between articulatory disorders and bad oral habits, age, gender and socioeconomic situation. Two hundred and ninety children between 4 and 7 years old were evaluated by means of the Marc Monfort Test, a myofunctional test, and a questionnaire was applied to families. The results show that 51.4% of the schoolchildren present SSD. The most frequent type of error is distortion followed by substitution. Multiple dyslalia is more frequent than simple dyslalia. The relation of dependence between phonetic alterations and masculine gender is observed, as well as a decrease of articulation disorders as age increases and a significant relation between bad oral habits and the presence of dyslalia.
La dislalia o trastorno fonológico es la dificultad en la producción del habla más frecuente entre escolares. Este estudio epidemiológico pretende conocer la prevalencia de TF en escolares y analizar la relación de las alteraciones articulatorias y los malos hábitos orales, la edad, el género y la situación socioeconómica. Se evalúan 290 niños y niñas entre 4 y 7 años mediante el Test de Marc Monfort, un examen miofuncional y la aplicación de un cuestionario a las familias. Los resultados muestran que el 51.4% de los escolares presentan TF. El tipo de error más frecuente es el de distorsión, seguido del de sustitución. Es más frecuente la dislalia múltiple que la simple. Se observa la relación de dependencia entre las alteraciones fonéticas y el género masculino, así como una disminución de trastornos de articulación a medida que aumenta la edad y una relación significativa entre los malos hábitos orales y la presencia de dislalias.
