Phylloides: Uncommon ulcerated breast tumor diagnosed at Singida regional referral hospital. Case report.

Phylloides tumor is rarely diagnosed in surgical clinics. There is high chance of missing of this kind of tumor by junior surgeons as it is also rarely explained in literature and diagnosed in our locality region. Malignant phylloides are associated with a higher rate of recurrence than their benign counterparts, underlying the importance of adequate surgical margins. This is a case of a 22 years old female attended at surgical outpatient clinic with complain of swelling in the right breast for about two years. On cytological and histological investigation showed benign phylloides tumor. The excision surgery was performed where by tumor was remove. The close follow up was done as it has tendency of reoccurrence.

Escherichia coli expression and characterization of α-amylase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465 / Expressão e caracterização de Escherichia coli de alfa-amilase de Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465

Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% ß-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.

A alfa-amilase, que catalisa a hidrólise do amido, é uma enzima ubíqua com imensas aplicações industriais. Um gene de 1698 pb que codifica a amilase de 565 aminoácidos foi amplificado por PCR, a partir de Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, clonado no plasmídeo pET21a (+), expresso na cepa BL21 (DE3) de E. coli e caracterizado. A enzima recombinante exibiu peso molecular de 63 kDa, pH ótimo igual a 8, temperatura ótima de 70° C e valor KM de 157,7 µM. Em escala piloto, a enzima purificada removeu com eficiência até 95% de amido do tecido de algodão, indicando sua capacidade de desengomagem em alta temperatura. O modelo 3D da enzima construída por Raptor-X e validada por Ramachandran plot apareceu como um monômero com 31% de hélices alfa, 15% de folhas beta e 52% de loops. Os estudos de docking mostraram melhor afinidade de ligação da enzima com amilopectina (∆G: - 10,59). De acordo com nossos resultados, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276 e Arg175 constituem o sítio ativo potencial da enzima.

Escherichia coli expression and characterization of alfa-amylase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465 / Expressão e caracterização de Escherichia coli de alfa-amilase de Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465

Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% β-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.

A alfa-amilase, que catalisa a hidrólise do amido, é uma enzima ubíqua com imensas aplicações industriais. Um gene de 1698 pb que codifica a amilase de 565 aminoácidos foi amplificado por PCR, a partir de Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, clonado no plasmídeo pET21a (+), expresso na cepa BL21 (DE3) de E. coli e caracterizado. A enzima recombinante exibiu peso molecular de 63 kDa, pH ótimo igual a 8, temperatura ótima de 70° C e valor KM de 157,7 µM. Em escala piloto, a enzima purificada removeu com eficiência até 95% de amido do tecido de algodão, indicando sua capacidade de desengomagem em alta temperatura. O modelo 3D da enzima construída por Raptor-X e validada por Ramachandran plot apareceu como um monômero com 31% de hélices alfa, 15% de folhas beta e 52% de loops. Os estudos de docking mostraram melhor afinidade de ligação da enzima com amilopectina (∆G: - 10,59). De acordo com nossos resultados, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276 e Arg175 constituem o sítio ativo potencial da enzima.

Escherichia coli expression and characterization of -amylase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465

Abstract Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% -helices, 15% -sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.

Resumo A alfa-amilase, que catalisa a hidrólise do amido, é uma enzima ubíqua com imensas aplicações industriais. Um gene de 1698 pb que codifica a amilase de 565 aminoácidos foi amplificado por PCR, a partir de Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, clonado no plasmídeo pET21a (+), expresso na cepa BL21 (DE3) de E. coli e caracterizado. A enzima recombinante exibiu peso molecular de 63 kDa, pH ótimo igual a 8, temperatura ótima de 70° C e valor KM de 157,7 µM. Em escala piloto, a enzima purificada removeu com eficiência até 95% de amido do tecido de algodão, indicando sua capacidade de desengomagem em alta temperatura. O modelo 3D da enzima construída por Raptor-X e validada por Ramachandran plot apareceu como um monômero com 31% de hélices alfa, 15% de folhas beta e 52% de loops. Os estudos de docking mostraram melhor afinidade de ligação da enzima com amilopectina (G: - 10,59). De acordo com nossos resultados, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276 e Arg175 constituem o sítio ativo potencial da enzima.

Exogenous melatonin-mediated regulation of K+ /Na+ transport, H+ -ATPase activity and enzymatic antioxidative defence operate through endogenous hydrogen sulphide signalling in NaCl-stressed tomato seedling roots.

Melatonin (Mel) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) have emerged as potential regulators of plant metabolism during abiotic stress. Presence of excess NaCl in the soil is one of the main causes of reduced crop productivity worldwide. The present investigation examines the role of exogenous Mel and endogenous H2 S in tomato seedlings grown under NaCl stress. Effect of 30 µm Mel on endogenous synthesis of H2 S was examined in roots of NaCl-stressed (200 mm) tomato seedlings. Also, the impact of treatments on the oxidative stress markers, transport of K+ and Na+ , and activity of H+ -ATPase and antioxidant enzymes was assessed. Results show that NaCl-stressed seedlings supplemented with 30 µm Mel had increased levels of endogenous H2 S through enhanced L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity. Mel in association with H2 S overcame the deleterious effect of NaCl and induced retention of K+ that maintained a higher K+ /Na+ ratio. Use of plasma membrane inhibitors and an H2 S scavenger revealed that Mel-induced regulation of K+ /Na+ homeostasis in NaCl-stressed seedling roots operates through endogenous H2 S signalling. Synergistic effects of Mel and H2 S also reduced the generation of ROS and oxidative destruction through the enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. Thus, it is suggested that the protective function of Mel against NaCl stress operates through an endogenous H2 S-dependent pathway, wherein H+ -ATPase-energized secondary active transport regulates K+ /Na+ homeostasis.

Escherichia coli expression and characterization of α-amylase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465.

Alpha amylase, catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch is a ubiquitous enzyme with tremendous industrial applications. A 1698 bp gene coding for 565 amino acid amylase was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465, cloned in pET21a (+) plasmid, expressed in BL21 (DE3) strain of E. coli and characterized. The recombinant enzyme exhibited molecular weight of 63 kDa, optimum pH 8, optimum temperature 70°C, and KM value of 157.7µM. On pilot scale, the purified enzyme efficiently removed up to 95% starch from the cotton fabric indicating its desizing ability at high temperature. 3D model of enzyme built by Raptor-X and validated by Ramachandran plot appeared as a monomer having 31% α-helices, 15% ß-sheets, and 52% loops. Docking studies have shown the best binding affinity of enzyme with amylopectin (∆G -10.59). According to our results, Asp 232, Glu274, Arg448, Glu385, Asp34, Asn276, and Arg175 constitute the potential active site of enzyme.

A two kilograms euthyroid goiter in Singida Regional Referral Hospital, Central Tanzania: Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Multinodular goiter (MNG) is a clinic pathological entity characterized by an increased volume of the thyroid gland with formation of nodules. Goiter is defined as a thyroid gland weighing over 20-25 g or with a volume of over 19 ml in women and 25 ml in men. In developed countries where iodination of food is common and health services are available and accessible, hardly will you see a goiter of up to 0.2 kg while in areas where poverty is high and health services not available, there identification of goiter of up to 4 kg. Therefore each member of theatre team must be competent and experienced to anticipate any complications which may occur during thyroidectomy of such huge goiter. Awareness on the operation of such huge multinodular goiter is the sincere aim of this work due to the fact that these are rare findings in today's surgical clinics. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 35 M.O.S years old female presented with complain of swelling of the anterior neck for 10 years. Laboratory and radiological investigations reveals nontoxic multinodular goiter with no suspicion of malignance. After successful thyroidectomy, a 2 kg multinodular goiter was removed and taken for histological diagnosis. Post-operative care was uneventful and patient discharged day five post-operative. No complication observed during follow up. DISCUSSION: The case report presented a patient with huge goiter of 2 kg, which was not compressing the trachea. After physical examination, radiological imaging and laboratory investigation of thyroid hormones confirm as nontoxic goiter. The subtotal thyroidectomy was successful and after follow up of 60 days there was no complication reported. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, hardly will you find goiter weighing a kg and thus skills for thyroidectomy in such case is hardly available. Special complications like trachealmalacia and difficult intubation which need one to be aware of fiber optic intubation and be prepared for tracheostomy require experienced operating team.

Disclosure of cancer information among Saudi cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Cancer has been perceived as an incurable disease, and therefore, disclosure of cancer could harm patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore Saudi cancer patients' views regarding disclosure of cancer information and the impact of gender, regions, and level of education on their desire to be disclosed of the diagnosis and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A face-to-face interview was conducted during patient's evaluation at our hospital prior to their knowledge of being diagnosed with cancer. RESULTS: Of 420 patients, 97.62% wanted to know all information about cancer and more than 96% wished to know the benefits and side effects of chemotherapy. None of the patients wanted to be treated without knowing their diagnosis, and almost all of them (94.76%) wanted to know about the prognosis. Patients from eastern region and male patients wanted to know their diagnosis more frequently than those from other regions and female patients (98.2% vs. 74.47%, P = 0.001; 97.90% vs. 92.17%, P = 0.008, respectively). Patients from Eastern Province, male patients, and educated patients wished to know their prognosis more frequently than those from other regions, female patients, and illiterate patients (94.98% vs. 68.79%, P = 0.001; 94.74% vs. 86.09%, P = 0.003; and 94.23% vs. 98.58%, P = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that almost all the Saudi cancer patients wanted to know about their cancer diagnosis, prognosis, benefits and side effects of chemotherapy. Regions, gender, and level of education may affect patient's desire for cancer information.

Management Of Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC).

UNLABELLED: Chemotherapy of metastatic breast carcinoma so far, is not curative using the currently available chemotherapeutic, hormonal or biologic agents. The treatment of metastatic breast cancer is aimed mainly at alleviation of symptoms rather than cure. The first choice of therapy is dependent on patient age, performance status, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), involvement of the viscera, or enrollment of patients in investigational trials. Combination of chemotherapeutic drugs showed an advantage for survival, tumor response and time to progression with adverse effects of these agents. It is very important, therefore, to balance between the benefits of treatment and the adverse effects and complication of therapy. KEYWORDS: chemotherapy, metastatic, HER-2, breast, combination.

Ergonomic evaluation of a situation of coexposure to solvents and noise in a printing of flexible packaging.

The purpose of this paper is to present an ergonomic evaluation of a situation of co-exposure to solvents and noise in a flexible packaging printer. We discuss how such an approach carried out in the field of printing industry work has made it possible to highlight serious shortcomings in the effectiveness of the prevention actions that are supposed to protect workers from chemicals risks and noise. The ergonomic analysis identified a strain working conditions. Indeed, some jobs expose to noise and toxic risk. Lamination operations, winding and cutting are purveyors of noise. Some physical and spatial factors contribute to amplify the toxic risk. The not wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) by the operators maybe explained by the fact that it doesn't any possibility to do "otherwise". Indeed, operators adopt a compromise to achieve the objectives of production to the detriment of their health and safety. These constraints are causing gene and psychosocial factors. The interviews revealed a state of psychosis in the workshop, which was accentuated by the reclassification of an operator which has created a climate of panic and anxiety especially for older operators who have more than 20 years exposed to handling of toxic and more exposure to high noise level.

Administration of resveratrol: What formulation solutions to bioavailability limitations?

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a naturally occurring polyphenol, has attracted considerable interest for its beneficial potentials for human health, which include anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and anti-tumor activities. However, the in vivo biological effects of resveratrol appear strongly limited by its low bioavailability, which is a barrier to the development of therapeutic applications. In this context, an increasing number of recent studies have aimed at designing novel resveratrol formulations to overcome its poor solubility, limited stability, high metabolization and weak bioavailability. This review outlines physicochemical and pharmacokinetic limitations to resveratrol bioavailability, describes formulations tested for resveratrol administration, controlled release and targeting, and identifies future opportunities for resveratrol delivery.

Thermal analysis of a three-dimensional breast model with embedded tumour using the transmission line matrix (TLM) method.

Breast thermography is a non-invasive tool for early detection of breast cancer. It was subject for many years to some controversial issues regarding its efficiency. Advances in infrared camera technology and progress in image processing systems had brought thermal breast imaging back as a valid tool for mammography. Numerical modelling of heat transfer within a woman breast is being an attractive tool that may reveal the conditions under which tumours can be detected in a thermogram. The aim of this work is to use the transmission line matrix (TLM) to model a regular three-dimensional breast with embedded tumour and analyse sensitivity parameters.

Interleukin 17A and F and asthma in Saudi Arabia: gene polymorphisms and protein levels.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a multifactorial disorder, and both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its development. We investigated the possible association between asthma and 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin 17 (IL17) gene--rs17880588 (G/A) and rs17878530 (C/T) in IL17A and rs763780 (T/C), rs11465553 (T/C), and rs2397084 (G/A) in IL17F--and compared levels of the proteins IL17A and IL17F in asthma patients with those of controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 100 asthma patients and 102 ethnically matched controls. Genotyping was performed on purified DNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with specific primers and probes. Levels of IL17A and IL17F were measured in plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Genotyping showed that AG heterozygotes of rs17880588 in IL17A were significantly more common in the control group than among the asthma patients (P < .05); no significant associations were observed for any of the other SNPs examined. Levels of IL17A and IL17F were both higher in asthma patients (IL17A, 2.242 [0.099] vs 2.752 [0.287] pg/mL; IL17F, 236.01 [38.28] vs 700 [201.078] pg/mL). The difference was statistically significant for IL17F (P = .025, t test). Levels of IL17A and IL17F were positively and significantly correlated in the asthma patients CONCLUSION: Of all the SNPs analyzed, only rs17880588 showed a significant association with asthma in the Saudi population we studied. Levels of IL17A and IL17F were significantly upregulated in the asthma patients. The morphology of IL17F appeared to affect expression levels.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs): case report and review of the literature.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, the majority of which is KIT (CD117) positive. In this case report, we describe a case of recurrent and metastatic GIST who presented with hepatic and brain metastases. Despite the patient's GISTs was negative for c-Kit (CD 117), he responded to imatinib mesylate (Glivec) treatment with complete resolution of his liver and brain lesions. The patient has been and still in complete remission for 18 months of follow-up.

Castleman's disease: a study of a rare lymphoproliferative disorder in a university hospital.

Castleman's disease (CD) is a group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders sharing characteristic clinical and histological features, and usually accompanied by a marked systemic inflammatory response. Two histological patterns of lymph nodes were described: the hyaline-vascular and plasma-cell types. The former is more common (80-90%) and tends to be localized. The plasma cell type is more aggressive and usually multicentric. It is interesting that the inflammatory manifestations seem to be related to a lymph node lesion, because the systemic symptoms and inflammatory activity can return to normal after surgical excision or successful medical treatment of the disease. We report here our 15-year experience with this rare disease in King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, focusing on the clinical features, therapy, and patients'outcome.

Cancer patients' desire for information: a study in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Relatives of cancer patients in Saudi Arabia tend to believe that telling the truth to the patient could lead to harm and suffering. This study assessed the attitudes of Saudi Arabian cancer patients towards disclosure of cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and benefits and adverse effects of therapy. A questionnaire survey was administered to patients attending the oncology service between January 2002 and December 2005 before they knew their diagnosis. Of 114 patients interviewed, all except 1 (99%) wished to know all the information about their disease and 100% rejected withholding information. Most of the patients (77%) wanted their family to know the diagnosis but few (17%) wanted their friends to be informed. Almost all patients wanted to know the benefits and adverse effects of therapy (98% and 99% respectively). All patients wanted to know about the prognosis of their disease.

[Relapsing meningitis and confusion: limbic encephalitis revealing Hodgkin's disease]. / Méningite et confusion fébrile à rechute: encéphalite limbique révélant une maladie d'Hodgkin.

INTRODUCTION: An observation of limbic encephalitis associated with Hodgkin's disease is compared with rare cases of the literature. The clinical presentation was relapsing episodes of febrile cognitive disorders with confusion and meningitis, curable after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Recent concepts on limbic encephalitis are discussed. CASE REPORT: A seventy-five-year-old patient was hospitalized because of relapsing feverish confusion episodes with meningitis. During the year before his admission he had experienced four spontaneously regressive episodes of feverish confusion. Exploration of these episodes disclosed a paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis due to an underlying Hodgkin's disease. The treatment of Hodgkin's disease led to perfect recovery of cognitive function, so that the patient could drive his car. CONCLUSION: Lymphoproliferative disease, such as Hodgkin's disease, is a possible diagnosis in patients with limbic encephalitis. A dysimmune process underlying Hodgkin's disease might be operating in this association.

Cancer patients' desire for information: a study in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia

Relatives of cancer patients in Saudi Arabia tend to believe that telling the truth to the patient could lead to harm and suffering. This study assessed the attitudes of Saudi Arabian cancer patients towards disclosure of cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and benefits and adverse effects of therapy. A questionnaire survey was administered to patients attending the oncology service between January 2002 and December 2005 before they knew their diagnosis. Of 114 patients interviewed, all except 1 [99%] wished to know all the information about their disease and 100% rejected withholding information. Most of the patients [77%] wanted their family to know the diagnosis but few [17%] wanted their friends to be informed. Almost all patients wanted to know the benefits and adverse effects of therapy [98% and 99% respectively]. All patients wanted to know about the prognosis of their disease