LiNbO3 dynamic memristors for reservoir computing.

Information in conventional digital computing platforms is encoded in the steady states of transistors and processed in a quasi-static way. Memristors are a class of emerging devices that naturally embody dynamics through their internal electrophyiscal processes, enabling nonconventional computing paradigms with enhanced capability and energy efficiency, such as reservoir computing. Here, we report on a dynamic memristor based on LiNbO3. The device has nonlinear I-V characteristics and exhibits short-term memory, suitable for application in reservoir computing. By time multiplexing, a single device can serve as a reservoir with rich dynamics which used to require a large number of interconnected nodes. The collective states of five memristors after the application of trains of pulses to the respective memristors are unique for each combination of pulse patterns, which is suitable for sequence data classification, as demonstrated in a 5 × 4 digit image recognition task. This work broadens the spectrum of memristive materials for neuromorphic computing.

Biochemical Investigation of 3-Sulfopropionaldehyde Reductase HpfD.

Sulfoquinovose is the polar headgroup of plant sulfolipids and is a globally abundant organosulfur compound, and its degradation by bacteria is an important component of the sulfur cycle. Sulfoquinovose degradation by certain bacteria, including Escherichia coli, produces dihydroxypropanesulfonate (DHPS), which is further converted by anaerobic bacteria into 3-hydroxypropanesulfonate (3-HPS), through the catalytic action of DHPS dehydratase (a member of the glycyl radical enzyme family), and sulfopropionaldehyde reductase HpfD (a member of the metal-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase family). Here we report biochemical investigation of Hungatella hathewayi HpfD. In addition to 3-HPS, HpfD also displayed high catalytic activities for NAD+ -dependent oxidation of 4-hydroxybutanesulfonate (4-HBS) and γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). The highest activity was obtained with Fe2+ or Mn2+ as the divalent metal cofactor. Bioinformatics studies suggest that, in addition to DHPS degradation, 3-HPS and γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) degradations also involve HpfD homologs.

Oxidative kinetic resolution of 1-phenylethanol catalyzed by sugar-based salen-Mn(III) complexes.

Three new chiral salen-Mn(III) complexes with sugars at the C-5(5') positions of the salicylaldehyde moieties of the salen ligand were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by FTIR, MS, and elemental analysis. The complexes together with two previously reported ones were successfully used as chiral catalysts for the oxidative kinetic resolution (OKR) of 1-phenylethanol using PhI(OAc)2 as an oxidant and KBr as an additive. Excellent enantiomeric excess (up to 89%) of the product was achieved in 0.5h at 20 degrees C. The results showed that the sugars at C-5(5') of salicylaldehyde moieties in the ligand had influences on the catalytic performances of the complexes. It was concluded that the sugars with the same rotation direction of polarized light as the diimine bridge within the complex could enhance the chiral induction of the complex in the OKR of 1-phenylethanol, but the sugars with the opposite one would reduce that of the corresponding complex.