[Research progress on the ecological roles of 'marine ecosystem engineers'.] / "海洋生态系统工程师"åŠå ¶ç”Ÿæ€ä½œç”¨.

'Marine ecosystem engineers' are marine species that can shape habitats and benefit other marine organisms, which are widely found in marine plants, animals and microorganisms. Their ecological roles are the basis of marine ecological functions. By analyzing the relevant literature, we systematically reviewed the research progress of the ecological roles of 'marine ecosystem engineers', and proposed the main research direction and content in the future. In general, 'marine ecosystem engineers' play an active role in a particular marine environment. However, once they become invasive species, they may have negative impacts on the invasive sea area. In addition, some 'marine ecosystem engineers' can have both positive and negative impacts simultaneously. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen researches on the role of 'marine ecosystem engineers' in marine biological beds, marine biogenic reefs, marine biofilms and composite ecosystem engineering, effectively utilize their positive roles and prevent and control their negative impacts, so as to realize the comprehensive development, utilization and protection of the ocean.

[Heavy metal pollution ecology of macro-fungi: research advances and expectation].

Macro-fungi are the main component of biosphere and one of the ecological resources, and play very important roles in matter cycling and in maintaining ecological balances. This paper summarized and reviewed the research advances in the eco-toxicological effects of heavy metals on macro-fungi, the bioaccumulation function of macro-fungi on heavy metals, the ecological adaptation mechanisms of macro-fungi to heavy metal pollution, the role of macro-fungi as a bio-indicator of heavy metal pollution, and the potential of macro-fungi in the ecological remediation of contaminated environment. To strengthen the researches on the heavy metal pollution ecology of macro-fungi would be of practical significance in the reasonable utilization of macro-fungi resources and in the ecological remediation of contaminated environment.

[Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in macrofungi and its application in ecological remediation].

As an important type of environmental biological resources, macrofungi are vitally useful in our life. Compared with green plants, macrofungi can accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb and Hg. In this paper, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in macrofungi and the advantages of using macrofungi in ecological remediation of heavy metals pollution were discussed. The main factors affecting the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in macrofungi, include the species, ecological types, bioaccumulation characteristics and genetic potentials of macrofungi, the morphologic traits, parts and lifetime of mycelium and fruiting bodies, the intervals between fructifications, and the ecological environments. It was suggested that to screen out the macrofungi with effective bioaccumulation of heavy metals, be prone to artificially cultured, better adjustable to environments and easily post-disposed would be the important domain to be explored in the future.