ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed measures of social distancing and barriers in delivery of "in person" education. Institutions, involved in training the next generation of ophthalmologists, are using alternative teaching methods to maintain the standard of education. METHODS: We conducted a worldwide survey among physicians, who are actively involved in Ophthalmology-related education, between 3 and 14 April 2020. The expert survey, developed on the basis of literature search and focus group discussions, comprised 23 questions addressing the use of e-learning in Ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: A total of 321 participants from both academic and non-academic institutions worldwide, with variable practice experience and expertise, completed the survey. Before the pandemic, the majority of participants used traditional training modalities, including lectures, grand rounds and journal clubs, and 48% did not use any e-learning. There was a statistically significant increase in the use of all e-learning alternatives during the pandemic (p < 0.001), associated mainly with the availability of e-learning facilities (p < 0.001) and the academic character of institutions (p < 0.001). Zoom® was recognized as the mostly used platform for virtual teaching. Although theoretical teaching may take place, the surgical training of residents/fellows was dramatically reduced. The latter was significantly associated with participants' perspectives about teaching practices (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic imposed great challenges in the educational field of Ophthalmology. The experience related to virtual training in Ophthalmology, gained during the pandemic, may change the traditional teaching practices in the world and provide new educational opportunities.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Education, Distance , Curriculum , Humans , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente con síndrome de Horner de causa inusual: adenocarcinoma primario de timo, quien acudió al servicio de consulta externa de oftalmología del Hospital de San José. DisenË o del estudio: Reporte de caso. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre el síndrome de Horner, con énfasis en las causas asociadas a lesiones mediastinales y específicamente los carcinomas de timo, dada su baja incidencia y rara presentación. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 41 anË os con cefalea hemicraneana derecha de 6 meses de evolución irradiada a cuello y miembro superior derecho, parestesias y anhidrosis en región facial derecha, ptosis de párpado superior derecho y miosis pupilar derecha. Con evidencia de síndrome de Horner y los estudios imagenológicos se diagnosticó un tumor del timo clasificado como adenocarcinoma. Se realizó escisión quirúrgica de la lesión, complementada con tratamiento oncológico. Conclusión: Una causa rara de síndrome de Horner preganglionar es la compresión de la vía simpática por neoplasias mediastinales como el adenocarcinoma de timo, uno de los tumores menos frecuentes que comprometen timo y mediastino
Objective: To describe the case of a patient suffering from Horner's syndrome of an unusual cause, that is, a primary thymic adenocarcinoma. She attended the ophthalmology service at Hospital de San José. Study design: A case report. Methods: A review of the literature was performed on Horner's syndrome emphasizing on the causes associated with mediastinal lesions particularly thymic carcinomas, given their low incidence and rare occurrence. Case report: A 41-year-old woman with a six month history of right hemicranial headache radiating to the neck and right arm, paresthesias and right hemifacial anhidrosis, right upper eyelid ptosis and miosis of the right pupil. A thymic neoplasm classified as an adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by imaging tests and evidencing the presence of Horner's syndrome. The tumor was resected and followed by adjuvant oncologic therapy. Conclusion: A rare cause of Horner's syndrome is preganglionic compression of the sympathetic pathway by a mediastinal mass such as a thymic adenocarcinoma, one of the most uncommon tumors involving the thymus and the mediastinum
