Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unraveling the Role of Fusion and Fission Processes.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a diverse group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration and death of neurons, leading to a range of neurological symptoms. Despite the heterogeneity of these conditions, a common denominator is the implication of mitochondrial dysfunction in their pathogenesis. Mitochondria play a crucial role in creating biomolecules, providing energy through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). When they're not functioning correctly, becoming fragmented and losing their membrane potential, they contribute to these diseases. In this review, we explore how mitochondria fuse and undergo fission, especially in the context of NDs. We discuss the genetic and protein mutations linked to these diseases and how they impact mitochondrial dynamics. We also look at the key regulatory proteins in fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) and fission (DRP1 and FIS1), including their post-translational modifications. Furthermore, we highlight potential drugs that can influence mitochondrial dynamics. By unpacking these complex processes, we aim to direct research towards treatments that can improve life quality for people with these challenging conditions.

Role of the glucosinolates in cancer epigenetics / Rola glukozynolanów w epigenetyce nowotworów.

It has been known for years that diet impacts human health, including the risk of cancer development. Food components can both increase and reduce the risk of carcinogenesis. Thereby, a wisely composed diet can extend life span and improve life quality. The favourable effect on health exert glucosinolates (GSLs), a group of secondary plant metabolites found in vegetables of the Brassicaceae family, such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and kohlrabi. Hydrolysis of GSLs results in the formation of compounds, like sulforaphane (SFN), phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), which are known for versatile anti-cancer activity. This review highlights advances on the role of the chosen GSLs on selected epigenetic mechanisms, i.e. DNA methylation, histone acetylation and microRNAs expression in cancer treatment.