ABSTRACT
Hepatic arteriovenous malformations are rare congenital lesions associated with significant morbidity and mortality, most commonly from high output cardiac failure. Efficient diagnosis and treatment demands an interdisciplinary approach, and the interventional radiologist plays a pivotal role in both. Imaging is important for diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning, and transcatheter embolization has become an established primary therapy. We report the clinical and imaging findings of a rare hepatic arteriovenous malformation in an infant presenting with high-output cardiac failure and pulmonary artery hypertension that was successfully treated by transarterial embolization using Onyx.
Subject(s)
Arteriovenous Malformations/therapy , Dimethyl Sulfoxide/therapeutic use , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Hepatic Artery , Hepatic Veins , Polyvinyls/therapeutic use , Tantalum/therapeutic use , Angiography , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Malformations/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Combinations , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Hepatic Artery/diagnostic imaging , Hepatic Artery/pathology , Hepatic Veins/diagnostic imaging , Hepatic Veins/pathology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
In this study, we introduce the prospect of using prognostic model-generated meteorological output as input to steady-state dispersion models by identifying possible advantages and disadvantages and by presenting a comparative analysis. Because output from prognostic meteorological models is now routinely available and is used for Eulerian and Lagrangian air quality modeling applications, we explore the possibility of using such data in lieu of traditional National Weather Service (NWS) data for dispersion models. We apply these data in an urban application where comparisons can be made between the two meteorological input data types. Using the U.S. Environment Protection Agency's American Meteorological Society/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) air quality dispersion model, hourly and annual average concentrations of benzene are estimated for the Philadelphia, PA, area using both hourly MM5 model-generated meteorological output and meteorological data taken from the NWS site at the Philadelphia International Airport. Our intent is to stimulate a discussion of the relevant issues and inspire future work that examines many of the questions raised in this paper.
