[Prevention methods of nosocomial urinary tract infections]. / Les méthodes de prévention des infections urinaires nosocomiales.

After classifying the nosocomial urinary tract infections, between the hospital acquired infections, this paper review different prevention means proposed to limit their incidence. These consist essentially of recommendations concerning the vesical catheterism. Thus are reviewed catheter indications, the choice of the catheter, its putting conditions, the creation and conservation of a closed system. Besides, patient informations and bacteriological survey of the catheterized patients are also discussed.

[Evaluation of prevention methods of nosocomial urinary tract infections]. / Evaluation des méthodes de prévention des infections urinaires nosocomiales.

Some recommendations for the prevention of nosocomial urinary tract infections are irrefutable, thoroughly admitted. They concern before all the aseptic conditions of setting and care of catheter, to avoid the bacterial penetration in the closed system. They concern the merits of catheter indications, the diminution of catheter conservation period, the applying of a strict asepsis during setting and manipulation of the catheter, the use of a sterile and closed drainage system with a continuous flow. Several improvements concerning the catheter and the drainage system have been proposed. Some of these recommendations have been proved serious and can be applied. On the contrary, the efficiency of others remain to be proved by control assays. Finally, measures with uncertain or unproved values should not be considered.

Detection of stimulated back muscle contractions by moiré topography.

The ability to treat scoliosis via surface stimulated trunk muscle contractions is now being evaluated at several treatment centers. In order to make biomechanical analysis of the procedure, so that the technique can be used optimally, data are needed to quantify the muscle contractions and structural changes by different electrode locations. This paper presents the use of a modified shadow moiré technique to quantify geometric changes resulting from electrical stimulation applied to the surface of the back in a healthy subject.

Correction for rigid body motion in moire topography.

The effect of different types of rigid body motion in moire topography is discussed. Procedures to eliminate such movements are described. A technique to assist measurement of changes in human bodies by means of moire contouring is presented from the standpoint of practical applications.