ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The diagnosis of corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) with prenatal MRI relies on indirect signs. However, they are known to be inconstant in case of incomplete CCA. The purpose of this study is to specify the frequency of indirect signs in partial CCA to approach the reliability of fetal MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 33 children with partial CCA. MRI were reviewed by two observers and a standardized radiological and clinical data collection was performed. Depending on the ratio CC length/anteroposterior brain diameter, two groups were statistically compared: subtotal partial CCA and mild partial CCA. RESULTS: 14% of patients had none indirect sign and 33% had only one sign. We found a significative difference of frequency for most of the indirect signs. 48% of patients had other cerebral anomalies. Clinical correlation showed no statistical difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This series shows that indirect signs are inconstant in partial CCA and related to the CC length. In contrast, mild and subtotal CCA have a similar neurological outcome. These data suggest that greatest care has to be taken in the interpretation of fetal MRI.
Subject(s)
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum , Corpus Callosum/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe the MR imaging features and patterns of local extension of hemangiomas of the eyelid in correlation with the clinical presentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study including 21 MRI (GE, 1.5T, T1 +/- Gadolinium, T2 +/- fat saturation, 3 planes) examinations performed for eyelid hemangiomas with occlusion>50% and/or ocular deviation. All examinations were reviewed by two observers using a standardized list of criteria. RESULTS: All hemangiomas had a heterogeneous signal described as "salt and pepper" on T2W sequences. The extension was extra-orbital in 8 cases, intra-orbital in 13 cases, extra-conal in 9 cases, intra-conal in 4 cases. The "fat sat T2" sequence provided the best anatomical details. There was a strong correlation between ocular deviation at clinical examination and intra-orbital extension, but no correlation between the extent of eyelid involvement and orbital location of the hemangioma. Dysplastic cerebellum anomalies related to the PHACES syndrome were present in 3 patients. CONCLUSION: MRI of the brain and orbits provides information that appears essential for optimal management of infants with hemangioma of the eyelid.
Subject(s)
Eyelid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
US remains the key imaging technique for prenatal screening of CNS pathology. However, MR imaging of the fetal brain is a powerful tool to further characterize CNS anomalies, especially during the third trimester. The prognosis of CNS anomalies detected at fetal MR imaging is not always known. As such, management may be problematic with regards to medical interruption of pregnancy. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in order to insure comprehensive evaluation and management of the pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/pathology , Brain/pathology , Fetal Diseases/pathology , Fetus/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , HumansABSTRACT
The authors suggest, after some embryological, anatomical and nosological reviews, a simplified approach mainly based on the appearance of the pons, cerebellar hemispheres and vermis, independently from an associated cystic dilatation of the posterior fossa. Pontocerebellar hypoplasias and partial or total vermian agenesis are detailed because they can be diagnosed with a prenatal MRI. This classification based on our experience and on the literature data should be of value to evaluate the neurological prognosis.
