ABSTRACT
The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeding has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.
O interesse na utilização da glicerina bruta na alimentação animal ressurge, devido ao aumento na disponibilidade e preço favorável, como conseqüência da expansão das indústrias de biocombustíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição do milho por diferentes níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta sobre a fermentação ruminal através da digestibilidade in vitro verdadeira. As dietas experimentais consistiram na substituição do milho por glicerol (0; 4; 8 e 12%) na matéria seca da dieta (MS). As dietas eram compostas por 60% de feno de alfafa e 40% de grão de milho e o glicerol foi adicionado, substituindo o milho nas dietas. Além de trabalhar com as 48 horas tradicionais, foram utilizados diferentes horários de digestibilidade in vitro (0; 4; 8; 16; 48; 72 e 96 horas), com a finalidade de estudar a cinética da digestão. A substituição do milho por níveis crescente de glicerina bruta na dieta não afetou a concentração de N-NH3, o teor de energia metabolizável, as digestibilidades in vitro da matéria orgânica da fibra em detergente neutro, bem como os parâmetros da degradação ruminal. Portanto, esse subproduto da produção do biodiesel deve ser testado in vivo como uma alternativa energética na formulação de dietas para ruminantes.
ABSTRACT
Background: The industrial by-products vary widely in the mineral composition, therefore is necessary to identify the composition of these products to determine if present risk of toxicity to animals. Heavy metals, once ingested, can accumulate in animal tissue, mainly in the liver, kidneys and muscles. Some elements such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury are often classifi ed as toxic elements because their biological activities are linked to toxic reactions, although all chemical elements, whether metal or not, can be toxic to animals if consumed in amounts above the need of each animal or for a long period. The protein soybean hull (PSH) is the residue coming from the technological process of extraction of soy protein, with is originally called primary sludge. To this is added 50% soybean hull and dried, resulting in the product called protein soybean hull. This work was carried out in order to assess through mineral studies the nutritional potential of the protein soybean hull for feed sheep in replace soybean meal, because currently there is no available scientifi c studies on the effect of using protein soybean hull in the ruminant animals diet related to mineral metabolism.Materials, Methods & Results: For this, samples of soybean protein hull were collected from a benefi ted soy industry in different batches to evaluate the variability in mineral composition of experi
ackground: The industrial by-products vary widely in the mineral composition, therefore is necessary to identify the composition of these products to determine if present risk of toxicity to animals. Heavy metals, once ingested, can accumulate in animal tissue, mainly in the liver, kidneys and muscles. Some elements such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury are often classifi ed as toxic elements because their biological activities are linked to toxic reactions, although all chemical elements, whether metal or not, can be toxic to animals if consumed in amounts above the need of each animal or for a long period. The protein soybean hull (PSH) is the residue coming from the technological process of extraction of soy protein, with is originally called primary sludge. To this is added 50% soybean hull and dried, resulting in the product called protein soybean hull. This work was carried out in order to assess through mineral studies the nutritional potential of the protein soybean hull for feed sheep in replace soybean meal, because currently there is no available scientifi c studies on the effect of using protein soybean hull in the ruminant animals diet related to mineral metabolism.Materials, Methods & Results: For this, samples of soybean protein hull were collected from a benefi ted soy industry in different batches to evaluate the variability in mineral composition of experim
ABSTRACT
Background: The industrial by-products vary widely in the mineral composition, therefore is necessary to identify the composition of these products to determine if present risk of toxicity to animals. Heavy metals, once ingested, can accumulate in animal tissue, mainly in the liver, kidneys and muscles. Some elements such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury are often classifi ed as toxic elements because their biological activities are linked to toxic reactions, although all chemical elements, whether metal or not, can be toxic to animals if consumed in amounts above the need of each animal or for a long period. The protein soybean hull (PSH) is the residue coming from the technological process of extraction of soy protein, with is originally called primary sludge. To this is added 50% soybean hull and dried, resulting in the product called protein soybean hull. This work was carried out in order to assess through mineral studies the nutritional potential of the protein soybean hull for feed sheep in replace soybean meal, because currently there is no available scientifi c studies on the effect of using protein soybean hull in the ruminant animals diet related to mineral metabolism.Materials, Methods & Results: For this, samples of soybean protein hull were collected from a benefi ted soy industry in different batches to evaluate the variability in mineral composition of experi
ackground: The industrial by-products vary widely in the mineral composition, therefore is necessary to identify the composition of these products to determine if present risk of toxicity to animals. Heavy metals, once ingested, can accumulate in animal tissue, mainly in the liver, kidneys and muscles. Some elements such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury are often classifi ed as toxic elements because their biological activities are linked to toxic reactions, although all chemical elements, whether metal or not, can be toxic to animals if consumed in amounts above the need of each animal or for a long period. The protein soybean hull (PSH) is the residue coming from the technological process of extraction of soy protein, with is originally called primary sludge. To this is added 50% soybean hull and dried, resulting in the product called protein soybean hull. This work was carried out in order to assess through mineral studies the nutritional potential of the protein soybean hull for feed sheep in replace soybean meal, because currently there is no available scientifi c studies on the effect of using protein soybean hull in the ruminant animals diet related to mineral metabolism.Materials, Methods & Results: For this, samples of soybean protein hull were collected from a benefi ted soy industry in different batches to evaluate the variability in mineral composition of experim