Application of biosurfactants in enhanced oil recovery ex-situ: a review.

With a growing focus on environmentally friendly solutions, biosurfactants derived from plants or microorganisms have gained attention for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) applications. Biosurfactants offer several advantages over existing options, including biodegradability, low toxicity, availability of raw materials, resistance to harsh reservoir conditions, and improved water/oil interfacial tension reduction. Different organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and plants, can produce these natural surfactants. Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. bacteria are extensively studied for their ability to produce biosurfactants using low-cost carbon and nitrogen sources, exhibiting excellent surface activity and low critical micellar concentration (CMC). Fungi, though less commonly used, can also produce biosurfactants, albeit with lower interfacial activity. Plant-derived natural surfactants find wide application in laboratory tests for EOR, despite having higher CMC. This review not only summarizes the current knowledge on biosurfactants but also offers a novel comparative analysis of those produced by bacteria, fungi, and plants, examining their CMC, surface tension, and interfacial tension properties. Additionally, it quantifies the number of publications on the use of biosurfactants for Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery ex-situ (MEOR ex-situ) over the past 30 years and compares these with biosurfactants derived from plant sources. Our study is unique in its comparative approach and the quantification of literature on MEOR ex-situ. The findings reveal that biosurfactants produced by bacteria generally exhibit superior surface activity, even at lower concentrations, compared to those produced by plants or fungi. This new comparative perspective and thorough literature analysis highlight the distinctive contributions of this study. Overall, the use of biosurfactants for EOR represents a promising approach to cleaner energy production, with the potential to reduce environmental impact while improving oil recovery.

Growth Velocity and Nutritional Status in Children Exposed to Zika Virus during Pregnancy from Amazonas Cohort, Brazil.

The high incidence of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the period of 2015-2016 in Brazil may have affected linear height growth velocity (GV) in children exposed in utero to ZIKV. This study describes the growth velocity and nutritional status based on the World Organization (WHO) standards of children exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy and followed up in a tertiary unit, a reference for tropical and infectious diseases in the Amazon. Seventy-one children born between March 2016 and June 2018 were monitored for anthropometric indices: z-score for body mass index (BMI/A); weight (W/A); height (H/A) and head circumference (HC/A); and growth velocity. The mean age at the last assessment was 21.1 months (SD ± 8.93). Four children had congenital microcephaly and severe neurological impairment. The other 67 were non-microcephalic children (60 normocephalic and 7 macrocephalic); of these; 24.2% (16 children) had neurological alterations, and 28.8% (19 children) had altered neuropsychomotor development. Seventeen (24.2%) children had inadequate GV (low growth velocity). The frequencies of low growth among microcephalic and non-microcephalic patients are 25% (1 of 4 children) and 23.9% (16 of 67 children); respectively. Most children had normal BMI/A values during follow-up. Microcephalic patients showed low H/A and HC/A throughout the follow-up, with a significant reduction in the HC/A z-score. Non-microcephalic individuals are within the regular ranges for H/A; HC/A; and W/A, except for the H/A score for boys. This study showed low growth velocity in children with and without microcephaly, highlighting the need for continuous evaluation of all children born to mothers exposed to ZIKV during pregnancy.

Cuidados de enfermagem aos recém-nascidos submetidos a fototerapia em unidades neonatais: um protocolo de scoping review / Nursing care for newborns undergoing phototherapy in neonatal units: a scoping review protocol

Objetivo: Mapear a produção do conhecimento sobre os principais cuidados de enfermagem realizados aos recém-nascidos submetidos a fototerapia em unidades neonatais. Método: Trata-se de um protocolo de revisão de escopo, realizado de acordo com a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute e checklist do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), seguindo as seguintes etapas: seleção da questão de pesquisa; busca por estudos relevantes; seleção dos estudos; extração e análise dos dados; e, agrupamento, resumo e apresentação dos resultados. Para identificar os documentos as seguintes bases de dados bibliográficas serão pesquisadas: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, SciVerse Scopus, Base de Dados de Enfermagem, Literatura Latino-Americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Library, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Capes e Google Acadêmico. O resultado do fluxo de seleção, desta etapa metodológica, será apresentado em forma de figura, conforme o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Resultados: O mapeamento dos dados permitirá o agrupamento dos cuidados além de evidenciar a necessidade destes para os recém-nascidos submetidos à fototerapia. Conclusão: Espera-se salientar a indispensabilidade dos cuidados de enfermagem a este público e reforçar a necessidade de educação continuada aos profissionais.

Objetivo: Mapear la producción de conocimiento sobre los principales cuidados de enfermería brindados a las criaturas recién nacidas sometidas a fototerapia en unidades neonatales. Revisión: Se trata de un protocolo de revisión del alcance realizado, según la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs y la lista de verificación Elementos de informe preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y extensión de metaanálisis para revisiones de alcance (PRISMA-ScR). Lo anterior, siguiendo los siguientes pasos: selección de la pregunta de investigación, buscar estudios relevantes, selección de estudios, extracción y análisis de datos y, agrupar, resumir y presentar los resultados. Para identificar los documentos, se buscará literatura en las siguientes bases de datos: Sistema de recuperación y análisis de literatura médica en línea, Índice acumulativo de enfermería y Literatura relacionada con la salud, Web of Science, SciVerse Scopus, base de datos de Enfermería, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Library, Capes Theses and Dissertations Catalog y Google Scholar. El resultado del flujo de selección de este paso metodológico se presentará en forma de figura, de acuerdo con PRISMA-ScR. Resultados: El mapeo de datos permitirá la agrupación de cuidados, además, resaltar la necesidad de estos para las criaturas recién nacidas sometidas a fototerapia. Conclusión: Se espera resaltar la indispensabilidad del cuidado de enfermería para este público y reforzar la necesidad de educación continua para las personas profesionales en esta área.

Objective: To map the production of knowledge on the main nursing care provided to newborns undergoing phototherapy in neonatal units. Method: This is a scoping review protocol carried out following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred checklist Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The following the following steps were followd: selection of the research question, search for relevant studies, selection of studies, data extraction and analysis, and, grouping, summarizing and presenting the results. The following databases will be consulted to identify the documents: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, SciVerse Scopus, Database of Nursing, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Library, Capes Theses and Dissertations Catalog, and Google Scholar. The result of this methodological step's selection flow will be presented in figure form as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Results: The data mapping will allow the grouping of care and it will also highlight the need for care in newborns undergoing phototherapy. Conclusion: It is expected to highlight the indispensableness of nursing care for this public and reinforce the need for continuing education in professionals.

Development of an Index to Assess COVID-19 Hospital Care Installed Capacity in the 450 Brazilian Health Regions.

OBJECTIVE: The article seeks to assess the Brazilian health system ability to respond to the challenges imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by measuring the capacity of Brazilian hospitals to care for COVID-19 cases in the 450 Health Regions of the country during the year 2020. Hospital capacity refers to the availability of hospital beds, equipment, and human resources. METHODS: We used longitudinal data from the National Register of Health Facilities (CNES) regarding the availability of resources necessary to care for patients with COVID-19 in inpatient facilities (public or private) from January to December 2020. Among the assessed resources are health professionals (certified nursing assistants, nurses, physical therapists, and doctors), hospital beds (clinical, intermediate care, and intensive care units), and medical equipment (computed tomography scanners, defibrillators, electrocardiograph monitors, ventilators, and resuscitators). In addition to conducting a descriptive analysis of absolute and relative data (per 10,000 users), a synthetic indicator named Installed Capacity Index (ICI) was calculated using the multivariate principal component analysis technique to assess hospital capacity. The indicator was further stratified into value ranges to understand its evolution. RESULTS: There was an increase in all selected indicators between January and December 2020. It was possible to observe differences between the Northeast and North regions and the other regions of the country; most Health Regions presented low ICI. The ICI increased between the beginning and the end of 2020, but this evolution differed among Health Regions. The average increase in the ICI was more evident in the groups that already had considerably high baseline capacity in January 2020. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to identify inequalities in the hospital capacity to care for patients affected by COVID -19 in the Health Regions of Brazil, with a concentration of low index values in the Northeast and North of the country. As the indicator increased throughout the year 2020, inequalities were also observed. The information here provided may be used by health authorities, providers, and managers in planning and adjusting for future COVID-19 care and in dimensioning the adequate supply of hospital beds, health-care professionals, and devices in Health Regions to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. We recommend that the ICI continue to be calculated in the coming months of the pandemic to monitor the capacity in the country's Health Regions.

Elements that influenced immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the elements that influenced the immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour. METHOD: A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. A total of 105 parturient women hospitalized in two maternity hospitals with usual risk were observed. The instrument was based on Brazilian National Normal Childbirth Care Guidelines and World Health Organization good obstetric practices, totaling 36 questions. The analysis took place in a descriptive way using the Chi-Square Test for proportion comparison. RESULTS: Of the parturient women, 2.8% (n = 3) experienced the golden hour, and 82.9% (n = 87), immediate contact between 1 and 5 minutes. In 85.7% (n = 90) of the group, there were no causes that contraindicated immediate contact. For 48.0% (n = 49) of participants, contact was re-established by the nursing staff within 31-60 minutes. CONCLUSION: Immediate contact during the golden hour had low hospital care compliance. Neonatal procedures that can be postponed predominated as influencing elements of the golden hour. The assistance observed in the birth rooms investigated reflects the need to reduce interventions in labor and birth.

Elements that influenced immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour / Elementos que influyeron en el contacto inmediato entre madre y bebé en la hora dorada / Elementos Que Influenciaram No Contato Imediato Entre Mãe E Bebê Na hora dourada

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the elements that influenced the immediate mother-neonate contact during the golden hour. Method: A cross-sectional observational study with a quantitative approach. A total of 105 parturient women hospitalized in two maternity hospitals with usual risk were observed. The instrument was based on Brazilian National Normal Childbirth Care Guidelines and World Health Organization good obstetric practices, totaling 36 questions. The analysis took place in a descriptive way using the Chi-Square Test for proportion comparison. Results: Of the parturient women, 2.8% (n = 3) experienced the golden hour, and 82.9% (n = 87), immediate contact between 1 and 5 minutes. In 85.7% (n = 90) of the group, there were no causes that contraindicated immediate contact. For 48.0% (n = 49) of participants, contact was re-established by the nursing staff within 31-60 minutes. Conclusion: Immediate contact during the golden hour had low hospital care compliance. Neonatal procedures that can be postponed predominated as influencing elements of the golden hour. The assistance observed in the birth rooms investigated reflects the need to reduce interventions in labor and birth.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar los elementos que influyeron en el contacto inmediato entre madre y bebé en la hora dorada. Método: Estudio observacional transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Se observaron un total de 105 parturientas hospitalizadas en dos maternidades de riesgo habitual. El instrumento se basó en la guía para la atención del parto normal en Brasil y las buenas prácticas obstétricas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, totalizando 36 preguntas. El análisis se realizó de forma descriptiva utilizando la Prueba Chi-Cuadrado para comparación de proporciones. Resultados: De las parturientas, 2,8% (n = 3) experimentó la hora dorada y 82,9% (n = 87), el contacto inmediato entre 1 y 5 minutos. En el 85,7% (n = 90) del grupo no hubo causas que contraindicaran el contacto inmediato. Para el 48,0% (n = 49) de los participantes, el contacto fue restablecido por el personal de enfermería dentro de los 31-60 minutos. Conclusión: El contacto inmediato en la hora dorada tuvo baja adherencia en la atención hospitalaria. Los procedimientos neonatales que pueden posponerse predominaron como elementos influyentes de la hora dorada. La asistencia observada en las salas de parto investigadas refleja la necesidad de reducir las intervenciones en el trabajo de parto y nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os elementos que influenciaram no contato imediato entre mãe e bebê na hora dourada. Método: Estudo observacional transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Foram observadas 105 parturientes internadas em duas maternidades de risco habitual. O instrumento teve como base as Diretrizes Nacionais de Assistência ao Parto Normal e as boas práticas obstétricas da Organização Mundial da Saúde, totalizando 36 questões. A análise ocorreu de forma descritiva mediante o Teste do Qui-Quadrado para comparação de proporção. Resultados: Das parturientes, 2,8% (n = 3) vivenciaram a hora dourada, e 82,9% (n = 87), o contato imediato entre 1 e 5 minutos. Em 85,7% (n = 90) do grupo, não houve causas que contraindicassem o contato imediato. Para 48,0% (n = 49) das participantes, o contato foi restabelecido pela enfermagem entre 31-60 minutos. Conclusão O contato imediato na hora dourada teve baixa adesão na assistência hospitalar. Os procedimentos neonatais passíveis de serem adiados predominaram como elementos influenciadores da hora dourada. A assistência observada nas salas de parto investigadas reflete a necessidade de reduzir as intervenções no parto e nascimento.

Hematological Profile of Pregnant Women with Suspected Zika Virus Infection Followed Up at a Referral Service in Manaus, Brazil.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the hematological profile of pregnant women with suspected Zika virus (ZIKV) infection followed up at a reference service for infectious diseases in Manaus, Brazil, through a clinical, epidemiological, cross-sectional study of pregnant women with an exanthematic manifestation who looked for care between 2015 and 2017. The participants were 499 pregnant women, classified into four subgroups, according to laboratory confirmation of infections: ZIKV-positive; ZIKV-positive and positive for another infection; positive for another infection but not ZIKV-positive; and not positive for any of the infections investigated. Hematological parameters were analyzed descriptively. The association between maternal infection and the hematological profile, along with the association between the maternal hematological profile and the gestational outcome, were tested. Similar hematic and platelet parameters were observed among pregnant women. However, a significant association was observed between low maternal lymphocyte count and a positive diagnosis for ZIKV (p < 0.001). The increase in maternal platelet count and the occurrence of unfavorable gestational outcome were positively associated. A similar hematic and platelet profile was identified among pregnant women, differing only in the low lymphocyte count among ZIKV-positive pregnant women. Regarding gestational outcomes, in addition to the damage caused by ZIKV infection, altered maternal platelets may lead to unfavorable outcomes, with the need for adequate follow-up during prenatal care.

Vacinação contra a influenza autorreferida por idosos de áreas rurais ribeirinhas: implicação potencial dos achados frente à pandemia de covid-19 no Amazonas / Influenza vaccination in older adults living in rural riverside areas: potential implication of the findings regarding the covid-19 pandemic in Amazonas

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a proporção de pessoas idosas não vacinadas e os motivos que interferem na imunização contra influenza em localidades rurais ribeirinhas, discutindo as potenciais implicações na vacinação contra a infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Método Inquérito epidemiológico de base domiciliar realizado em 38 localidades rurais ribeirinhas de Manaus (AM), Brasil, assistidas por uma Unidade Básica de Saúde Fluvial. Os participantes responderam a um questionário que investigou condições de vida, saúde e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Para este estudo foram avaliados os desfechos relacionados à imunização contra a Influenza nos últimos 12 meses e o principal motivo alegado para a não vacinação. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, seguida por análise de regressão logística para identificar fatores associados à não vacinação. Resultados Das 102 pessoas idosas incluídas no estudo, 28 (27,5%) referiram não vacinação contra a Influenza no ano anterior. Os principais motivos foram a falta de informação sobre a vacinação (60,7%) e barreiras de acesso aos serviços de saúde (28,6%). Foi identificada maior chance de não vacinação entre aqueles que não consultaram o médico no último ano (RC=4,18; IC95%=1,57-11,11) e com maior renda domiciliar (RC=1,08; IC95%=1,02-1,14). Conclusão Verificou-se elevada proporção de pessoas idosas autorreferindo não imunização contra Influenza. Os motivos identificados para a não vacinação podem também representar barreiras à vacinação desse grupo populacional contra a covid-19. Dessa forma, faz-se necessário adequar o planejamento da vacinação em contextos rurais ribeirinhos, desenvolvendo estratégias mais contextualizadas para garantia de cobertura a essa população com maior vulnerabilidade aos efeitos de doenças respiratórias.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the proportion of unvaccinated older adults and the reasons that interfere with immunization against Influenza in rural riverside locations, discussing the potential implications on vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Method Household-based survey conducted in 38 rural riverside locations in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, covered by a primary care Fluvial Health Unit. Participants answered a questionnaire that investigated living conditions, health status and access to health services. In this study, the outcomes related to immunization against Influenza in the last 12 months and the main reported reason for non-vaccination were evaluated. Descriptive data analysis was performed, followed by logistic regression to identify factors associated with non-vaccination. Results Of the 102 older adults included in the study, 28 (27.5%) reported not vaccinating against Influenza in the previous year. The main reasons were lack of information about vaccination (60.7%) and barriers to accessing health services (28.6%). An increased chance of non-vaccination was identified among those who did not see a doctor in the last year (OR=4.18; 95%CI=1.57-11.11) and those with higher household income (OR=1.08; 95%CI= 1.02-1.14). Conclusion A high proportion of older adults reporting no immunization against Influenza was identified. The reasons for non-vaccination may also represent barriers to the vaccination of this population group against COVID-19. Thus, it is necessary to improve the vaccination planning in rural riverside contexts, developing more contextualized strategies to assure coverage for this population, more vulnerable to the effects of respiratory diseases.

Zika Virus Infection in a Cohort of Pregnant Women with Exanthematic Disease in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon.

The epidemic transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil has been identified as a cause of microcephaly and other neurological malformations in the babies of ZIKV-infected women. The frequency of adverse outcomes of Zika virus infection (ZIKVi) in pregnancy differs depending on the characteristics of exposure to infection, the time of recruitment of research participants, and the outcomes to be observed. This study provides a descriptive analysis-from the onset of symptoms to delivery-of a cohort registered as having maternal ZIKVi in pregnancy, from November 2015 to December 2016. Suspected cases were registered at a referral center for infectious and tropical diseases in Manaus, in the Amazonian region of Brazil. Of 834 women notified, 762 women with confirmed pregnancies were enrolled. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed ZIKVi in 42.3% of the cohort. In 35.2% of the cohort, ZIKV was the sole infection identified. Severe adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage, stillbirth, or microcephaly) were observed in both RT-PCR ZIKV-positive (5.0%) and ZIKV-negative (1.8%) cases (RR 3.1; 95% IC 1.4-7.3; p < 0.05), especially during the first trimester of pregnancy (RR 6.2, 95% IC 2.3-16.5; p < 0.001). Although other infectious rash diseases were observed in the pregnant women in the study, having confirmed maternal ZIKVi was the most important risk factor for serious adverse pregnancy events.

Neurological Findings in Children without Congenital Microcephaly Exposed to Zika Virus in Utero: A Case Series Study.

The Zika virus can induce a disruptive sequence in the fetal brain and is manifested mainly by microcephaly. Knowledge gaps still exist as to whether the virus can cause minor disorders that are perceived later on during the first years of life in children who are exposed but are asymptomatic at birth. In this case series, we describe the outcomes related to neurodevelopment through the neurological assessment of 26 non-microcephalic children who had intrauterine exposure to Zika virus. Children were submitted for neurological examinations and Bayley Scales-III (cognition, language, and motor performance). The majority (65.4%) obtained satisfactory performance in neurodevelopment. The most impaired domain was language, with 30.7% impairment. Severe neurological disorders occurred in five children (19.2%) and these were spastic hemiparesis, epilepsy associated with congenital macrocephaly (Zika and human immunodeficiency virus), two cases of autism (one exposed to Zika and Toxoplasma gondii) and progressive sensorineural hearing loss (GJB2 mutation). We concluded that non-microcephalic children with intrauterine exposure to Zika virus, in their majority, had achieved satisfactory performance in all neurodevelopmental domains. One third of the cases had some impairment, but the predominant group had mild alterations, with low occurrence of moderate to severe disorders, similar to other studies in Brazil.

Educação em saúde: compartilhando saberes em saúde com alunos do ensino fundamental na cidade de Manaus / Health education: sharing health knowledge with students of fundamental education in the city of Manaus

O presente manuscrito tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de acadêmicos de enfermagem na realização de um projeto educativo com o público infantil, em ambiente escolar, na cidade de Manaus, durante a disciplina Educação em Saúde. O projeto teve como temática o combate ao Mosquito Aedes aegypti transmissor da Dengue, Zika e Febre Chikungunya, doenças com alta incidência no Brasil e no mundo. Foram utilizados recursos audiovisuais, rodas de conversa, quiz interativo e nomeação de "agentes de saúde mirins". Observou-se a existência do conhecimento prévio entre as crianças, com questionamentos a respeito do tema e interesse na participação de atividades no processo de saúde-doença, como o combate a proliferação do mosquito. O uso de metodologias ativas proporcionou a verdadeira construção do conhecimento, a ressignificação do papel do enfermeiro, para os acadêmicos de enfermagem e a oportunidade da transformação social a partir da educação em saúde.

The present manuscript aims to report the experience of nursing scholars in the realization of an educational project with the children's public, in a school environment, in the city of Manaus, during the Education in Health discipline. The theme of the project was the fight against Aedes aegypti mosquito transmitter of Dengue, Zika and Fever Chikungunya, diseases with high incidence in Brazil and in the world. Audiovisual resources, talk wheels, interactive quiz and appointment of "junior health agents" were used. It was observed the existence of previous knowledge among children, with questions about the theme and interest in the participation of activities in the health-disease process, such as the fight against mosquito proliferation. The use of active methodologies provided the true construction of knowledge, the re-signification of the role of the nurse, for nursing students and the opportunity of social transformation from health education.

Ações de planejamento e monitoramento para o controle da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde / Planning and monitoring actions for tuberculosis control in primary health care

Introdução: a forma de organização dos serviços de saúde para detectar e tratar a tuberculose pode está relacionado com o aumento do número de casos desta patologia, que dispõe de tratamento eficaz, mas continua sendo um grande problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: descrever as ações de planejamento e monitoramento nos serviços de saúde para o controle da tuberculose na atenção primária à saúde. Método: estudo descritivo, com profissionais de saúde do município de Natal, no período de novembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014. Resultados e Discussão: 47% referiram que as informações aos portadores de TB eram realizadas de forma generalizada; 67% relataram registros nos prontuários sobre os diagnósticos e medicamentos; 73% referiram inexistência na comunicação com a unidade de saúde. No planejamento da atenção à TB, 71% afirmaram haver registros apenas da enfermagem e, quanto ao monitoramento das metas e do plano de cuidado, 75% citaram que eram realizados e registrados pelo profissional responsável pelo portador de TB. Conclusão: é necessária a realização de outras pesquisas focadas neste tema, de modo a identificar e refletir como o sistema de saúde integra as ações na atenção à pessoa com TB.

Introduction: the way health services are organized to detect and treat TB may be related to the increase in the number of cases in which this pathology is receiving effective treatment, but it remains a major public health problem. Objective: to describe the health services planning and monitoring actions for tuberculosis control in primary health care. Methods: a descriptive study, with health professionals in Natal, from November 2013 to January 2014. Results and discussion: 47% reported that the information was made available to TB sufferers across the board; 67% reported patient history records on diagnoses and drugs; 73% reported no communication with the health unit. In the planning of TB care, 71% said there were only nursing records and, for the monitoring of goals and care planning, 75% said this was performed and recorded by the professional responsible for the TB patient. Conclusion: additional research focused on this issue is needed in order to identify and reflect how the health system integrates actions in caring for the person with TB.

Organização da atenção primária para diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose / Organization of primary healthcare services for tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment / Organización de la atención primaria para diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis

Objetivou-se descrever a percepção dos profissionais da Atenção Primária, atuantes no município de Natal, acerca da organização da atenção à tuberculose. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 100 profissionais da Atenção Primária, entre novembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados instrumento estruturado. Dos resultados obtidos, 42% (n=42) dos profissionais afirmaram que o gerente da unidade de saúde faz parte do planejamento em relação à tuberculose; 43% (n=43) reconheceram as metas pactuadas como revistas periodicamente; 52% (n=52) confirmaram a existência de estratégias para a melhoria da atenção à tuberculose; 56% (n=56) alegaram a oferta de benefícios e incentivos aos portadores de tuberculose. Conclui-se que a capacidade organizativa está ligada às estratégias governamentais, as quais podem induzir o interesse do gestor a garantir a oferta de benefícios e evidenciar a Atenção Primária como local para o tratamento e diagnóstico da tuberculose (AU).

The present study aimed to describe how Primary Care professionals, in the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, perceive the organization of health care services for tuberculosis. Exploratory study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with 100 professionals of PHC, between November 2013 and January 2014. Data was collected with the use of a structured instrument. According to the results, 42% (n = 42) of the professionals affirmed that health unit managers play a key role in the planning for tuberculosis care; 43% (n = 43) reported that the agreed targets are periodically reviewed; 52% (n = 52) confirmed the existence of strategies to improve care services for tuberculosis; 56% (n = 56) mentioned the benefits and incentives offered to tuberculosis patients. It is concluded that the organizational capacity in primary care is related to governmental strategies aimed to ensure that health unit managers provide benefits and incentives to TB patients and that tuberculosis treatment is delivered at the primary care level (AU).

La finalidad de este estudio fue describir la percepción acerca de la organización de la atención a la tuberculosis de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria que actuan en el municipio de Natal. Es un estudio exploratorio, de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 100 profesionales de la Atención Primaria, entre noviembre de 2013 y enero de 2014. Para obtener los datos, se utilizó instrumento estructurado. Como resultado, se verificó que 42% (n=42) de los profesionales afirmaron que el gerente de la unidad de salud hace parte del planeamiento acerca de la tuberculosis; 43% (n=43) reconocieron las metas acordadas como siendo revistas periodicamente; 52% (n=52) confirmaron la existencia de estrategias para mejorar el proceso de la atención a la tuberculosis; 56% (n=56) argumentaron que hay oferta de incentivos y benefícios a los portadores de tuberculosis. Se constata que la capacidad de organización está enlazada con las estrategias de gobierno, las cuales pueden inducir motivar el gestor a garantizar la oferta de beneficios y evidenciar la Atención Primaria como proceso para el tratamiento y diagnóstico de la tuberculosis (AU).

Estratégias para capacitação ao cuidado em tuberculose / Strategies for tuberculosis care training / Estrategias para capacitación al cuidado en tuberculosis

Pesquisa quantitativa que objetivou descrever os componentes ligados à capacitação em tuberculose que tornam as equipes de saúde capazes de identificar estratégias de cuidado. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado com 100 profissionais em 27 Unidades de Saúde no município de Natal, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, entre novembro de 2013 e janeiro de 2014. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences versão 22.0. Os resultados mostraram que 60% (n=60) dos profissionais utilizaram frequentemente o manual de diretrizes para o controle da tuberculose integrando a prática cotidiana; 73% (n=73) afirmaram que o envolvimento de especialistas em tuberculose é realizado por meio de referenciamento; 68% (n=68) repassam as informações sobre tuberculose a todos os usuários e 44% (n=44) das capacitações são realizadas esporadicamente. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de investimento em capacitação sistemática envolvendo também especialistas, visando o manejo e controle da tuberculose (AU).

Quantitative study that aimed to describe the components related to tuberculosis training that make health teams able to identify care strategies.A structured questionnaire was applied with 100 professionals in 27 Health Units of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, between November 2013 and January 2014. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciencesversion 22.0. The results showed that 60% (n = 60) of the professionals often used the guidelines for the control of tuberculosis manual in the everyday practice; 73% (n = 73) stated that the involvement of tuberculosis specialists is accomplished by referral; 68% (n = 68) pass on the information about TB to all users and 44% (n = 44) of the training programs are carried out sporadically.It was concluded that there is the need to invest in systematic training involving specialists, aimed at the management and control of tuberculosis (AU).

Investigación cuantitativa con objeto de describir los componentes vinculados a la capacitación en tuberculosis que hacen los equipos de salud capaces de identificar estrategias de cuidado. Fue aplicado un cuestionario estructurado a 100 profesionales en 27 Unidades de Salud en el municipio de Natal, estado de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, entre noviembre del 2013 y enero del 2014. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa estadístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences versión 22.0. Los resultados mostraron que 60% (n=60) de los profesionales utilizaron frecuentemente el manual de directivas para el control de la tuberculosis integrando la práctica cotidiana; 73% (n=73) afirmaron que el involucramiento de especialistas en tuberculosis se hace mediante referencia; 68% (n=68) transmiten las informaciones sobre tuberculosis a todos los usuarios y 44% (n=44) de las capacitaciones ocurren esporádicamente. Se concluye que son necesarias inversiones en capacitación sistemática, involucrando también especialistas, visando al manoseo y control de la tuberculosis (AU).

Conhecimento dos idosos sobre os sinais e sintomas da depressão / Knowledge of the elderly about the signs and symptoms of depression

Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento dos idosos, participantes do parque municipal do idoso (Manaus - Brasil), sobre os sinais e sintomas da depressão. Métodos: estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em 2015, com 306 idosos participantes ativos das atividades do parque, para a coleta de dados foi desenvolvido um questionário composto de duas partes: a primeira de dados sociodemográficos e a segunda constituída de sentenças baseadas na escala de Yesavage, alternadas com frases não relacionadas à depressão, onde o idoso, com base em seu julgamento, circulava as alternativas relacionadas à doença. Resultados: A amostra foi composta, em sua maioria, pelo gênero feminino, aposentados, grande parte com até um salário mínimo, ensino fundamental até a quinta série, cristãos, procedentes da região norte do país. Do total dos 306 participantes, 245 idosos nunca receberam o diagnóstico de depressão, 203 conheceram alguém acometido pela doença e 130 idosos apresentaram conhecimento intermediário em relação à depressão, caracterizando o maior grupo. Apesar da pontuação, os idosos lançam mão do conhecimento empírico, o que não contribui com sua verdadeira autonomia e envelhecimento ativo. Conclusão: É necessário que o enfermeiro e a equipe de saúde utilizem a educação em saúde na construção de conhecimento e auxílio aos idosos na promoção da qualidade de vida.(AU)

Aim: to identify the knowledge of the elderly participants in the Municipal Park of the Elderly (Manaus - Brazil), about the signs and symptoms of depression. Methods: a descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, accomplished in 2015, conducted with 306 active elderly participants of the activities of the Park. The data collection has a two-part questionnaire: the first with demographic data and the second made up of sentences based on the scale of Yesavage, alternating with non-related depression sentences, where the elderly, based on their judgment, circulated the alternatives related to the disease. Results: The sample was composed, mostly by women, retirees mostly up to a minimum wage, elementary school until the fifth grade, christians, coming from the north of the country. Of the 306 participants, 245 never received the diagnosis of depression, 203 knew someone who developed the disease and 130 elderly had intermediate knowledge about the disease, making it the largest group. Despite the score, the elderly used empirical knowledge, which does not contribute it is real autonomy and active aging. Conclusion: It is necessary for the nurse and the health team use health education as a means of building knowledge and assistance to the elderly in promoting quality of life.(AU)