Hipertensão arterial e fatores de risco associados em docentes / Arterial hypertension and associated risk factors in teachers

Objetivo: identificar fatores associados à pressão arterial elevada em docentes de um Instituto Federal de Educação, ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo transversal, com 150 docentes, os dados foram coletados entre março e abril de 2015, através de um questionário, seguido da verificação de pressão arterial. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes de qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética e pesquisa, com número de CAAE: 38967414.3.0000.5209. Resultados: 25,3% dos indivíduos apresentaram níveis pressóricos altos, 65,3% eram do sexo masculino, as faixas etárias mais frequentes foram 30-39 anos (34,7%) e 40-49 anos (34,7%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a hipertensão e os fatores: sexo (p=0,0001), faixa de idade (p=0,0483), estado civil (p=0,0218), cor da pele autodeclarada (p=0,0051), cardiopatia (p=0,036), uso de bebida alcoólica (p=0,036), índice de massa corporal - IMC (p<0,05) e circunferência abdominal (p=0,004). Conclusão: foi possível identificar fatores que estão relacionados à hipertensão em docentes de um Instituto Federal do Piauí. Recomenda-se aos docentes a adequação do estilo de vida para uma melhor qualidade de vida.

Objective: to identify factors associated with high blood pressure in teachers of a Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí. Methodology: it is cross-sectional study. The participants of the studywere 150 teachers. The data collection period was from March to April 2015. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire followed by blood pressure check of teachers. For analysis, we used chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, with number of CAAE: 38967414.3.0000.5209. Results: 25.3% of the individuals presented high blood pressure levels, 65.3% of the teachers were male, the most frequent age groups were 30-39 years (34.7%) and 40-49 years (34.7%). There was a statistically significant association between hypertension and factors: sex (p=0.0001), age group (p=0.0483), marital status (p=0.0218), self-reported skin color (p=0.0051), heart disease (p=0.036), alcohol use (p=0.036), body mass index -BMI (p<0.05) and waist circumference (p=0.004). Conclusion: it was possible to identify factors that are related to hypertension in teachers of a Federal Institute of Piauí. It is recommended that teachers adequacy theirlifestyle for a better quality of life.

Use of anastrozole in the chemoprevention and treatment of breast cancer: A literature review.

Aromatase inhibitors have emerged as an alternative endocrine therapy for the treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The use of third-generation inhibitors represented by exemestane, letrozol and anastrozole is currently indicated. Anastrozole is a nonsteroidal compound and a potent selective inhibitor of the aromatase enzyme. Although a few studies have shown that its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties may be affected by interindividual variability, this drug has been recently used in all configurations of breast cancer treatment. In metastatic disease, it is currently considered the first-line treatment for postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors. Anastrozole has shown promising results in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It has also achieved interesting results in the chemoprevention of the disease. Therefore, due to the importance of anastrozole both for endocrine treatment and chemoprevention of hormone-sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, we proposed the current literature review in the SciELO and PubMed database of articles published in the last 10 years.

Use of anastrozole in the chemoprevention and treatment of breast cancer: A literature review / Uso do anastrozol na quimioprevenção e no tratamento do câncer de mama: uma revisão da literatura

Summary Aromatase inhibitors have emerged as an alternative endocrine therapy for the treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The use of third-generation inhibitors represented by exemestane, letrozol and anastrozole is currently indicated. Anastrozole is a nonsteroidal compound and a potent selective inhibitor of the aromatase enzyme. Although a few studies have shown that its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties may be affected by interindividual variability, this drug has been recently used in all configurations of breast cancer treatment. In metastatic disease, it is currently considered the first-line treatment for postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors. Anastrozole has shown promising results in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It has also achieved interesting results in the chemoprevention of the disease. Therefore, due to the importance of anastrozole both for endocrine treatment and chemoprevention of hormone-sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, we proposed the current literature review in the SciELO and PubMed database of articles published in the last 10 years.

Resumo Os inibidores de aromatase têm emergido como uma endocrinoterapia alternativa para o tratamento de câncer de mama sensível a hormônios em mulheres pós-menopáusicas. A utilização de inibidores de terceira geração, representados por exemestano, letrozol e anastrozol, é atualmente indicada. Anastrozol é um composto não esteroide e um inibidor potente e seletivo da enzima aromatase. Embora alguns estudos tenham demonstrado que as suas propriedades farmacodinâmicas e farmacocinéticas podem ser afetadas pela variabilidade interindividual, esse fármaco tem sido recentemente utilizado em todas as configurações de tratamento do câncer de mama. Na doença metastática, é atualmente considerado o tratamento de primeira linha em mulheres pós-menopáusicas com tumores de mama e receptor de estrogênio positivo. O anastrozol tem mostrado resultados promissores no tratamento adjuvante do câncer de mama em estágio inicial em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Ele também conseguiu resultados interessantes na quimioprevenção da doença. Portanto, em virtude da importância do anastrozol tanto no tratamento endócrino quanto na quimioprevenção do câncer de mama hormoniossensível em mulheres na pós-menopausa, propusemos a atual revisão da literatura na base de dados SciELO e PubMed de artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos.

Ki-67 antigen expression in the mammary epithelium of female rats in persistent estrus treated with anastrozole.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate Ki-67 antigen expression in mammary epithelium of female rats in persistent estrus treated with anastrozole. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar-Hanover female rats in persistent estrus induced by subcutaneous injection of 1.25 mg of testosterone propionate in the second day of life were randomly divided into two groups, control and experimental, with 14 animals each. The animals of control group received only the vehicle (propyleneglycol) and the animals of group experimental received 0.125 mg daily of anastrozole by gavage during 28 days. After 28 days of treatment, all animals were sacrificed and the first pair of abdominal-inguinal mammary glands was removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin to investigate Ki-67 antigen expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The mean percentage of Ki-67-stained nuclei per 500 cells in the mammary epithelium was 76.97 ± 0.76 and 14.44 ± 2.02 [mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)] in the control and experimental groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Anastrozole treatment significantly reduced Ki-67 expression in the mammary epithelium of rats in persistent estrus.