The implications of healthcare professionals wearing jewelry on patient care biosafety: observational insights and experimental approaches.

The use of jewelry among healthcare professionals poses a risk of cross contamination due to potential bacterial accumulation and spread. Through a mixed-method design, this study first analyzed the implications of healthcare professionals wearing jewelry on patient care biosafety as well as on the residual bacterial load of hands and rings after hand hygiene. Firstly, an observational prevalence study to verify whether nursing professionals wear personal accessories during healthcare assistance was carried out. Second, an experimental design involving intentional contamination and hygiene of the hands, with and without a ring, was conducted. The bacterial load of both hands and rings was measured by counting colony forming units. The observational study showed that nursing workers frequently wear jewelry during healthcare assistance. Nonetheless, the experimental study did not indicate differences in bacterial contamination between hands with and without a ring, despite the hand hygiene procedure applied. In conclusion, many nursing workers wear jewelry in the workplace. Although hands with and without a ring exhibited similar microbial load, rings appeared as a potential source of bacterial contamination, reinforcing the need to remove jewelry during working hours. Hand hygiene using alcohol, or soap and water significantly decreased the bacterial load on the participants' hands, with handwashing proving to be the most efficient method for removing intentional contamination.

Clinical outcomes in newborns of pregnant women with COVID-19: integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze clinical outcomes in newborns of pregnant women with COVID-19. METHODS: integrative review conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, CINHAL; 2,111 studies were obtained, and 8 articles comprised the final sample. RESULTS: clinical outcomes in neonates of pregnant women positive for COVID-19 were classified according to the following categories: a) contamination by COVID-19, reported in 62.5% of the studies; b) hospital discharge due to improvement, mentioned in 37.5% of the articles; c) death, representing rare cases in 25% of the sample. The most prevalent gestational complication was prematurity, mentioned in 75% of the studies. This complication has been observed due to cases of premature rupture of membranes and placental abruption. CONCLUSIONS: despite the knowledge of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic behavior in neonates, it is important to continue the search for new clinical data, as this public has uncertain reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Perceptions of the nursing team during the covid-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study / Percepções da equipe de enfermagem durante a pandemia por covid-19: estudo transversal / Percepciones del equipo de enfermería durante la pandemia de covid-19: estudio transversal

Background and Objectives: to identify the perceptions of nursing professionals who worked during the covid-19 pandemic regarding Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) and Hand Hygiene (HH), categorizing them by profession and region in Brazil. Method: An observational study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2021, involving 493 nursing professionals from all regions of Brazil. The Google Forms® platform, disseminated through social media was used. A questionnaire titled "Basic Questionnaire on Healthcare Professionals' Perception of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Hand Hygiene" was administered. The results were analyzed descriptively, presenting absolute and relative frequencies, divided by groups of nursing professionals (nurses, technicians, and assistants) and by regions of Brazil. Results: The results showed that 43.9% of nurses reported a significant impact of HAIs on the clinical progression of patients, whereas only 26.7% of nursing technicians and assistants shared this perception. Regarding HH, 50.8% of nurses considered a substantial effort necessary to perform it adequately, while 68.9% of nursing technicians and assistants agreed with this statement. Conclusion: most nursing professionals had a high perception of HAIs and HH, considering their profession and geographic region. These findings can contribute to the development of future strategies aimed at improving HH practices in nursing care, particularly during outbreaks of infectious diseases such as covid-19.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: identificar as percepções dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuaram durante a pandemia de covid-19 em relação às Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) e à Higienização das Mãos (HM), classificando-os por profissão e regiões brasileiras. Método: estudo observacional foi conduzido de novembro/2020 a dezembro/2021, com a participação de 493 profissionais de enfermagem de todas as regiões do Brasil. Utilizou-se o formulário do Google Forms®, divulgado em redes sociais. Foi aplicado um questionário intitulado "Questionário básico sobre a percepção de profissionais de saúde sobre infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde e à higienização das mãos". Os resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva, apresentando frequências absolutas e relativas, divididos por grupos de profissionais de enfermagem (enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares) e por regiões do Brasil. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que 43,9% dos enfermeiros relataram um impacto muito alto das IRAS na evolução clínica dos pacientes, enquanto apenas 26,7% dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem compartilharam essa percepção. Em relação à HM, 50,8% dos enfermeiros consideraram que é necessário um grande esforço para realizá-la adequadamente, enquanto 68,9% dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem concordaram com essa afirmação. Conclusão: a maioria dos profissionais de enfermagem apresentou uma alta percepção sobre HM e IRAS, levando em consideração a profissão e a região geográfica. Esses resultados podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias futuras com o objetivo de aprimorar as práticas de HM na assistência de enfermagem, principalmente durante surtos de doenças infecciosas, como a covid-19.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: identificar las percepciones de los profesionales de enfermería que trabajaron durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en relación con las Infecciones Relacionadas con la Atención de la Salud (IRAS) y la Higiene de las Manos (HM), clasificándolos por profesión y región. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional desde noviembre/2020 hasta diciembre/2021, con la participación de 493 profesionales de enfermería de las 5 regiones de Brasil. El formulario de Google® fue difundido en redes sociales. Se aplicó un cuestionario: "Cuestionario básico sobre la percepción de los profesionales de la salud sobre infecciones relacionadas con la atención de la salud y la higiene de las manos". Los resultados se analizaron de manera descriptiva, presentando frecuencias absolutas y relativas, divididos por enfermeros, técnicos y auxiliares y por regiones. Resultados: 43,9% de los enfermeros informaron impacto muy alto de IRAS en la evolución de los pacientes, mientras que solo 26,7% de los auxiliares y técnicos compartieron esta percepción. En cuanto a la HM, 50,8% de los enfermeros consideraron que se requiere gran esfuerzo para llevarla a cabo adecuadamente, mientras que 68,9% de los auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería estuvieron de acuerdo con esta afirmación. Conclusión: la mayoría de los profesionales de enfermería tuvo una percepción alta sobre las IRAS y la HM, teniendo en cuenta la profesión y la región. Esto puede contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias para mejorar las prácticas de HM en la enfermería, especialmente durante enfermedades infecciosas como el covid-19.(AU)

Hand hygiene knowledge among nursing professionals during a pandemic: insights from a cross-sectional study in Brazil / Conhecimento sobre higiene das mãos entre profissionais de enfermagem durante uma pandemia: insights de um estudo transversal no Brasil / Conocimiento de higiene de manos entre profesionales de enfermería durante una pandemia: perspectivas de un estudio transversal en Brasil

Background and Objectives: hand hygiene (HH) is a crucial safety practice, but lack of knowledge can hinder compliance. The objective was to measure and assess the knowledge of nursing professionals who provided care during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding HH and to verify the association between HH knowledge and professional category and regions in Brazil. Methods: an observational study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2021 involving 493 nursing professionals from all regions of Brazil. Data collection was carried out using Google Forms® and social media platforms. The Hand Hygiene Knowledge Test for Healthcare Professionals was used, and results were analyzed descriptively. Pearson's chi-square test (x2) and Fisher's exact test were employed to assess associations. Results: among the participants, the majority (74.7%) had limited or subpar knowledge of HH. Nurses had a higher level of knowledge compared to nursing assistants and licensed practical nurses. Associations were found between professional category and correct answers regarding microorganism destruction time and the type of HH to be used. Conclusion: Brazilian nursing professionals had limited knowledge of HH, with nurses displaying a higher level of knowledge compared to nursing assistants and licensed practical nurse. Continuous education and guidance are necessary to improve HH practices among the nursing staff.(AU)

Justificativas e Objetivos: a higiene das mãos (HM) é uma prática crucial para a segurança, mas a falta de conhecimento pode prejudicar a adesão. Este estudo avaliou o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem que prestaram cuidados durante a pandemia de Covid-19 em relação à HM e explorou a associação entre o conhecimento de HM, categoria profissional e regiões no Brasil. Métodos: um estudo observacional foi conduzido de novembro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021 envolvendo 493 profissionais de enfermagem de todas as regiões do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada usando o Google Forms® e plataformas de mídia social. Foi utilizado o Teste de Conhecimento de Higiene das Mãos para Profissionais de Saúde, e os resultados foram analisados descritivamente. O teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (x2) e o teste exato de Fisher foram empregados para avaliar as associações. Resultados: entre os participantes, a maioria (74,7%) tinha conhecimento limitado ou insuficiente sobre HM. Os enfermeiros apresentaram um nível mais elevado de conhecimento em comparação com os auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem. Foram encontradas associações entre a categoria profissional e respostas corretas sobre o tempo de destruição de microrganismos e o tipo de HM a ser utilizado. Conclusão: os profissionais de enfermagem brasileiros possuíam conhecimento limitado sobre HM, sendo que os enfermeiros apresentaram um nível mais elevado de conhecimento em comparação com os auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem. Educação contínua e orientação são necessárias para melhorar as práticas de HM entre a equipe de enfermagem.(AU)

Justificación e Objetivos: la higiene de manos (HM) es una práctica de seguridad crucial, pero la falta de conocimiento puede dificultar el cumplimiento. Este estudio evaluó el conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería que brindaron atención durante la pandemia de Covid-19 en relación con la HM y exploró la asociación entre el conocimiento de HM, la categoría profesional y las regiones en Brasil. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional desde noviembre de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021 que incluyó a 493 profesionales de enfermería de todas las regiones de Brasil. La recopilación de datos se realizó utilizando Google Forms® y plataformas de redes sociales. Se utilizó el Test de Conocimiento de Higiene de Manos para Profesionales de la Salud, y los resultados se analizaron de manera descriptiva. Se emplearon la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson (x2) y la prueba exacta de Fisher para evaluar las asociaciones. Resultados: entre los participantes, la mayoría (74,7%) tenía conocimiento limitado o deficiente de HM. Las enfermeras tenían un nivel de conocimiento más alto en comparación con los auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería. Se encontraron asociaciones entre la categoría profesional y las respuestas correctas sobre el tiempo de destrucción de microorganismos y el tipo de HM que debía utilizarse. Conclusión: los profesionales de enfermería brasileños tenían un conocimiento limitado de HM, siendo que las enfermeras mostraban un nivel de conocimiento más alto en comparación con los auxiliares y técnicos de enfermería. Se requiere educación continua y orientación para mejorar las prácticas de HM entre el equipo de enfermería(AU)

Contamination of equipment and surfaces in the operating room anesthesia workspace: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Contamination of the breathing circuit and medication preparation surface of an anesthesia machine can increase the risk of cross-infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contamination of the anesthetic medication preparation surface, respiratory circuits, and devices used in general anesthesia with assisted mechanical ventilation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted at the surgical center of a philanthropic hospital, of medium complexity located in the municipality of Três Lagoas, in the eastern region of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Eighty-two microbiological samples were collected from the breathing circuits. After repeating the samples in different culture media, 328 analyses were performed. RESULTS: A higher occurrence of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.001) were observed. Variations were observed depending on the culture medium and sample collection site. CONCLUSION: The study findings underscore the inadequate disinfection of the inspiratory and expiratory branches, highlighting the importance of stringent cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces.

Contamination of equipment and surfaces in the operating room anesthesia workspace: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Contamination of the breathing circuit and medication preparation surface of an anesthesia machine can increase the risk of cross-infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contamination of the anesthetic medication preparation surface, respiratory circuits, and devices used in general anesthesia with assisted mechanical ventilation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted at the surgical center of a philanthropic hospital, of medium complexity located in the municipality of Três Lagoas, in the eastern region of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Eighty-two microbiological samples were collected from the breathing circuits. After repeating the samples in different culture media, 328 analyses were performed. RESULTS: A higher occurrence of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.001) were observed. Variations were observed depending on the culture medium and sample collection site. CONCLUSION: The study findings underscore the inadequate disinfection of the inspiratory and expiratory branches, highlighting the importance of stringent cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces.

Clinical outcomes in newborns of pregnant women with COVID-19: integrative review / Desfechos clínicos em recém-nascidos de mulheres grávidas com COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Desenlaces clínicos en recién nacidos de mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19: revisión integradora

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze clinical outcomes in newborns of pregnant women with COVID-19. Methods: integrative review conducted in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, CINHAL; 2,111 studies were obtained, and 8 articles comprised the final sample. Results: clinical outcomes in neonates of pregnant women positive for COVID-19 were classified according to the following categories: a) contamination by COVID-19, reported in 62.5% of the studies; b) hospital discharge due to improvement, mentioned in 37.5% of the articles; c) death, representing rare cases in 25% of the sample. The most prevalent gestational complication was prematurity, mentioned in 75% of the studies. This complication has been observed due to cases of premature rupture of membranes and placental abruption. Conclusions: despite the knowledge of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic behavior in neonates, it is important to continue the search for new clinical data, as this public has uncertain reactions to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar desfechos clínicos em recém-nascidos de mulheres grávidas com COVID-19. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada no PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, CINHAL; foram obtidos 2.111 estudos, e 8 artigos compuseram a amostra final. Resultados: os desfechos clínicos em neonatos de mulheres grávidas positivas para COVID-19 foram classificados de acordo com as seguintes categorias: a) contaminação por COVID-19, relatada em 62,5% dos estudos; b) alta hospitalar devido à melhora, mencionada em 37,5% dos artigos; c) óbito, representando casos raros em 25% da amostra. A complicação gestacional mais prevalente foi prematuridade, mencionada em 75% dos estudos. Essa complicação foi observada devido a casos de ruptura prematura de membranas e descolamento de placenta. Conclusões: apesar do conhecimento do comportamento assintomático e levemente sintomático em neonatos, é importante continuar a busca por novos dados clínicos, pois esse público apresenta reações incertas à infecção por SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los desenlaces clínicos en recién nacidos de mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19. Métodos: revisión integradora realizada en PubMed, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS, CINHAL; se obtuvieron 2.111 estudios y 8 artículos conformaron la muestra final. Resultados: los desenlaces clínicos en neonatos de mujeres embarazadas positivas para COVID-19 se clasificaron según las siguientes categorías: a) contaminación por COVID-19, reportada en el 62,5% de los estudios; b) alta hospitalaria debido a mejoría, mencionada en el 37,5% de los artículos; c) fallecimiento, representando casos raros en el 25% de la muestra. La complicación gestacional más prevalente fue la prematuridad, mencionada en el 75% de los estudios. Esta complicación se observó debido a casos de rotura prematura de membranas y desprendimiento de placenta. Conclusiones: a pesar del conocimiento del comportamiento asintomático y levemente sintomático en los recién nacidos, es importante continuar la búsqueda de nuevos datos clínicos, ya que este público presenta reacciones inciertas a la infección por el SARS-CoV-2.

Impact of an educational intervention on standard precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge of nursing professionals regarding standard precautions. METHODS: This is an almost experimental study conducted with 100 nursing professionals. Data collection was performed using a sociodemographic characterization instrument and the Standard Precautions Knowledge Questionnaire. The educational intervention was based on five moments, where the approach to questions with less than 70% accuracy was intensified. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the scores of healthcare professionals before (16.20 ± 1.51) and after (16.90 ± 1.31) the educational intervention (W=3.336; p < 0.05). Regarding knowledge about hand hygiene after glove use, an increase in knowledge from 83% to 93% was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: A positive effect on the professionals' knowledge was recorded, demonstrating advances regarding the strengthening of already acquired knowledge and the understanding of new knowledge.

Proceso de vestirse y desvestirse de los profesionales de enfermería durante la pandemia de covid-19: estudio transversal / Paramentação e desparamentação de profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia por covid-19: estudo transversal / Sequence of dressing and undressing by nursing professionals during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Introducción: Durante la pandemia del covid-19 se implementaron protocolos de seguridad que contribuyeron a la protección de pacientes y profesionales de enfermería. Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de vestirse y desvertirse de los profesionales de enfermería que actuaron en la asistencia durante la pandemia de covid-19 y verificar la asociación entre ese conocimiento y las características sociodemográficas y de desempeño de los profesionales de enfermería. Método: Estudio transversal, realizado de noviembre de 2020 a diciembre de 2021 con profesionales de enfermería que actúan en el cuidado en las cinco regiones de Brasil. El cuestionario fue desarrollado considerando la Nota Técnica GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA N° 04/2020. Consta de 10 preguntas, que van de 0 a 10 puntos. Se estableció el punto de corte ≥ 75 puntos y < 74 puntos para indicar conocimiento suficiente y conocimiento insuficiente, respectivamente. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante formularios de Google®, utilizando diferentes redes sociales. Resultados: De los 493 profesionales de enfermería, 157 tenían entre 30 y 39 años, 374 eran del sexo femenino y 358 trabajaban como enfermeros. En cuanto al conocimiento sobre el processo de vestirse y desvestirse, 370 tenían conocimiento suficiente y 123 conocimiento insuficiente. No hubo asociación entre el conocimiento sobre el proceso de vestirse y quitarse con características sociodemográficas y desempeño profesional. Conclusión: Los profesionales de enfermería demostraron conocimientos adecuados sobre el proceso de vestirse y desvestirse y no hubo asociación entre conocimiento y caracterización de los participantes (AU)

Introdução: Durante a pandemia por covid-19 foram implementados de protocolos de segurança que contribuiram para a proteção de pacientes e profissionais de enfermagem. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre a sequência da paramentação e desparamentação por profissionais de enfermagem que atuaram na assistência durante a pandemia por covid-19 e verificar a associação entre esse conhecimento e características sociodemográficas e de atuação dos profissionais de enfermagem. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado de novembro de 2020 a dezembro de 2021 com profissionais de enfermagem atuantes na assistência nas cinco regiões do Brasil. O questionário foi desenvolvido considerando a Nota Técnica GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA Nº 04/2020. E conta com 10 questões, variando de 0 a 10 pontos. Foi estabelecido o ponto de corte ≥ 75 pontos e < 74 pontos para indicar conhecimento suficiente e conhecimento insuficiente, respectivamente. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelo Google forms®, utilizando diferentes redes sociais. Resultados: Dos 493 profissionais de enfermagem, 157 tinham idade entre 30 a 39 anos, 374 eram do sexo feminino, e 358 atuavam como enfermeiros. Em termos de conhecimento sobre a sequência de paramentação e desparamentação, 370 apresentaram conhecimento suficiente e 123 conhecimento insuficiente. Não teve associação entre o conhecimento sobre paramentação e desparamentação com as características sociodemográficas e de atuação dos profissionais. Conclusão: Os profissionais de enfermagem demonstraram conhecimento adequado sobre a paramentação e desparamentação e não houve associação entre o conhecimento e a caracterização dos participantes. (AU)

Introduction: During the covid-19 pandemic, safety protocols were implemented that contributed to the protection of patients and nursing professionals. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about the sequence of dressing and undressing by nursing professionals who worked in assistance during the covid-19 pandemic and to verify the association between this knowledge and sociodemographic and performance characteristics of nursing professionals. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out from November 2020 to December 2021 with nursing professionals working in care in the five regions of Brazil. The questionnaire was developed considering the Technical Note GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA No. 04/2020. It has 10 questions, ranging from 0 to 10 points. The cutoff point ≥ 75 points and < 74 points was established to indicate sufficient knowledge and insufficient knowledge. Data collection was performed using Google forms®, using different social networks. Results: Of the 493 nursing professionals, 157 were aged between 30 and 39 years, 374 were female, and 358 worked as nurses. In terms of knowledge about the dressing and undressing sequence, 370 had sufficient knowledge and 123 had insufficient knowledge. There was no association between knowledge about dressing and undressing with sociodemographic characteristics and professional performance. Conclusion: Nursing professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge about dressing and undressing and there was no association between knowledge and characterization of the participants. (AU)

Adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals in a public university hospital: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyze the adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals in a public university hospital, and to identify associated factors. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study with the nursing staff of a public university hospital. The participants provided sociodemographic and immunization data, training data on standard precautions and occupational accident history, and responded to the questionnaire on adherence to standard precautions (QASP). Descriptive data analysis and Pearson's Chi-square test (χ²) were performed, followed by Fisher's exact test to verify the association between the adherence to standard precautions (total score ≥ 76 points) and the sample characterization variables. Additionally, binary logistic regression indicated the odds ratio (OR) of the sample characterization variables for adherence to standard precautions. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The average score for adherence to standard precautions, through QASP, by nursing professionals evaluated was 70.5 points. Association between the adherence to standard precautions and the professionals' sample characterization variables was not identified. However, it was observed that experienced professionals (≥15 years of experience in the institution) were more likely to adhere to standard precautions (OR 0.062; IC95% [0.006-0.663]; p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: In general, the adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals working in health service in this study can be considered inadequate, highlighting major weaknesses in hand hygiene practices, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), recapping of used needles, and conduct after suffering occupational accidents. Experienced professionals were more likely to adhere to standard precautions.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards the Prevention of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in an Endemic Area of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil.

We analyzed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of schistosomiasis mansoni prevention in an endemic area of Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2021, with 412 participants living in the municipality of Feira Grande, Alagoas, Brazil. Data collection occurred through visits to the Health Center Urbano II and Massapê, through an interview with a structured questionnaire to identify the levels of KAP regarding schistosomiasis prevention. Of all respondents, 70.87% lived in rural areas, 22.66% reported a history of past schistosomiasis and 52.71% never participated in schistosomiasis control program actions. Factors associated with better KAP scores were being part of an older age group, not using rainwater and having no history of past schistosomiasis. Specifically, among the domains, attitude was the highest score and knowledge was the lowest. Participation in a health intervention program, knowing someone who had schistosomiasis and having been informed through a public health program seemed to have an important impact on the population's KAP. Our results contributed to broadening perceptions about schistosomiasis prevention, highlighting the positive impacts that health programs and interventions have on disease control.

Instruments to assess adherence to medication in people living with HIV: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To compile the instruments validated in Brazil for assessing adherence of people living with HIV to antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Scoping review using the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, BDENF, CINAHL and Lilacs databases. In addition, the Preprints bioRxiv, Google Scholar and OpenGrey servers were checked. There was no language restriction for the search, and it considered articles published from the year 1996 onwards. RESULTS: Three publications were included in the qualitative synthesis. Following were the instruments identified "Questionário para Avaliação da Adesão ao Tratamento Antirretroviral" (Questionnaire for Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment) developed in Porto Alegre (RS) and published in 2007; the "Escala de autoeficácia para adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral em crianças e adolescentes com HIV/Aids" (Self-efficacy Scale for Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Children and Adolescents with HIV/Aids) developed in São Paulo (SP) and published in 2008; and the "WebAd-Q, um instrumento de autorrelato para monitorar a adesão à terapia antirretroviral em serviços de HIV/Aids no Brasil" (WebAd-Q, a self-report instrument to monitor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/Aids services in Brazil) developed in São Bernardo do Campo (SP) and published in 2018. The instruments were validated in Brazil, and presented statistically acceptable values for psychometric qualities. CONCLUSION: The instruments to assess adherence of people living with HIV to antiretroviral therapy are validated strategies for the Brazilian context. However, their (re)use in different settings and contexts of the nation should be expanded. The use of these instruments by health professionals can improve the understanding of factors that act negatively and positively on antiretroviral therapy adherence, and the proposition of strategies intended to consolidate good adherence and intervene in the treatment of people with low therapeutic engagement.

Impact of an educational intervention on standard precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic / Impacto de una intervención educativa sobre las precauciones estándar durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Intervenção educativa para maior conhecimento às precauções padrão na pandemia de COVID-19: estudo quase-experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge of nursing professionals regarding standard precautions. Methods: This is an almost experimental study conducted with 100 nursing professionals. Data collection was performed using a sociodemographic characterization instrument and the Standard Precautions Knowledge Questionnaire. The educational intervention was based on five moments, where the approach to questions with less than 70% accuracy was intensified. Results: There was a significant difference between the scores of healthcare professionals before (16.20 ± 1.51) and after (16.90 ± 1.31) the educational intervention (W=3.336; p < 0.05). Regarding knowledge about hand hygiene after glove use, an increase in knowledge from 83% to 93% was obtained. Conclusions: A positive effect on the professionals' knowledge was recorded, demonstrating advances regarding the strengthening of already acquired knowledge and the understanding of new knowledge.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa en el conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería sobre las precauciones estándar. Métodos: Este es un estudio cuasiexperimental realizado con 100 profesionales de enfermería. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizaron un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y el cuestionario de Conocimiento de las Precauciones Estándar. La intervención educativa se basó en cinco momentos, en los cuales se intensificó el abordaje de cuestiones con menos del 70% de aciertos. Resultados: Hubo una diferencia significativa entre las puntuaciones de los profesionales de salud antes (16,20 ± 1,51) y después (16,90 ± 1,31) de la intervención educativa (W = 3,336; p <0,05). En relación con el conocimiento sobre la higiene de las manos después del uso de guantes, se obtuvo un aumento en el conocimiento del 83% al 93%. Conclusiones: Se registró un efecto positivo en el conocimiento de los profesionales, demostrando avances en cuanto al fortalecimiento de los conocimientos ya adquiridos y la comprensión de nuevos saberes.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção educativa no conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem em relação às precauções padrão. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, realizada com 100 profissionais de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados o instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e o questionário de Conhecimento das Precauções-Padrão. A intervenção educativa foi baseada em 05 momentos, onde se intensificou a abordagem em questões com menos de 70% de acerto. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre os escores dos profissionais de saúde antes (16,20 ± 1,51) e após (16,90 ± 1,31) a intervenção educativa (W=3,336; p < 0,05). Em relação ao conhecimento sobre a higiene das mãos após uso de luvas, obteve-se um aumento no conhecimento de 83% para 93%. Conclusões: registrou-se efeito positivo no conhecimento dos profissionais, demonstrando avanços no que diz respeito ao fortalecimento dos conhecimentos já adquiridos e à compreensão de novos saberes.

Protocol with non-toxic chemicals to control biofilm in dental unit waterlines: physical, chemical, mechanical and biological perspective.

Biosafety in dentistry aims to combat cross-contamination and biofilm in dental unit waterlines. The aim was to investigate from a physical, chemical, mechanical and biological perspective, a protocol for using chemical products (citric acid, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride) to improve and maintain water quality in dental unit waterlines. Change in microhardness and corrosion tendency were observed in stainless steel samples. On the polyurethane surfaces, there were changes in color, microhardness and roughness. Anti-biofilm evaluations revealed a significant reduction in the biofilm biomass, metabolic activity and residual biofilm. These findings suggest that the protocol analyzed in this study showed an innovative potential against biofilm in dental unit waterlines, preserving the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the materials.

Influence of glucose supplementation on biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of different glucose concentration on biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata strains isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. METHODS: The study was divided into two stages: (I) selection and identification of 48 C. albicans and C. glabrata strains by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR/RFLP); (II) evaluation of biofilm formation by means of viability rates (colony-forming units), biofilm dry matter (mg) and biofilm-covered areas (µm2). Statistical comparisons were performed through nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data in factorial experiments with pairwise comparisons using Friedman Conover's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: All the Candida spp. had their identifications confirmed by PCR/RFLP. C. albicans biofilm of strains from diabetic individuals cultivated in different glucose concentration showed higher viability rates than strains from non-diabetic individuals. No difference was observed on viability of C. glabrata biofilm. Regarding biofilm dry matter, C. albicans biofilm of strains from diabetic individuals cultivated in different glucose concentration showed lower amount in weight than strains from non-diabetic individuals. In C. glabrata strains, this result was only observed in biofilms cultivated with no glucose supplementation. With regard to biofilm-covered areas, only glucose supplementation and non-diabetic condition showed a positive effect on C. albicans biofilm development, and no condition affected C. glabrata biofilm formation. CONCLUSION: The strain type (C. albicans and C. glabrata) isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic individuals influenced on biofilm formation, but glucose supplementation did not.

Instruments to assess adherence to medication in people living with HIV: a scoping review / Instrumentos para avaliar a adesão medicamentosa em pessoas vivendo com HIV: uma revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To compile the instruments validated in Brazil for assessing adherence of people living with HIV to antiretroviral therapy. METHODS Scoping review using the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, BDENF, CINAHL and Lilacs databases. In addition, the Preprints bioRxiv, Google Scholar and OpenGrey servers were checked. There was no language restriction for the search, and it considered articles published from the year 1996 onwards. RESULTS Three publications were included in the qualitative synthesis. Following were the instruments identified "Questionário para Avaliação da Adesão ao Tratamento Antirretroviral" (Questionnaire for Assessment of Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment) developed in Porto Alegre (RS) and published in 2007; the "Escala de autoeficácia para adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral em crianças e adolescentes com HIV/Aids" (Self-efficacy Scale for Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Children and Adolescents with HIV/Aids) developed in São Paulo (SP) and published in 2008; and the "WebAd-Q, um instrumento de autorrelato para monitorar a adesão à terapia antirretroviral em serviços de HIV/Aids no Brasil" (WebAd-Q, a self-report instrument to monitor adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/Aids services in Brazil) developed in São Bernardo do Campo (SP) and published in 2018. The instruments were validated in Brazil, and presented statistically acceptable values for psychometric qualities. CONCLUSION The instruments to assess adherence of people living with HIV to antiretroviral therapy are validated strategies for the Brazilian context. However, their (re)use in different settings and contexts of the nation should be expanded. The use of these instruments by health professionals can improve the understanding of factors that act negatively and positively on antiretroviral therapy adherence, and the proposition of strategies intended to consolidate good adherence and intervene in the treatment of people with low therapeutic engagement.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Compilar os instrumentos validados no Brasil para avaliação da adesão de pessoas vivendo com HIV à terapia antirretroviral. MÉTODOS Revisão de escopo, utilizando as bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, BDENF, CINAHL e Lilacs. Em complementação, os servidores Preprints bioRxiv, Google Scholar e OpenGrey foram verificados. Para a busca, não houve restrição de idioma e considerou artigos publicados a partir do ano de 1996. RESULTADOS Três publicações foram incluídas na síntese qualitativa. Os instrumentos identificados foram o "Questionário para Avaliação da Adesão ao Tratamento Antirretroviral", desenvolvido em Porto Alegre (RS) e publicado em 2007; a "Escala de autoeficácia para adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral em crianças e adolescentes com HIV/Aids", desenvolvida em São Paulo (SP) e publicada em 2008; e o "WebAd-Q, um instrumento de autorrelato para monitorar a adesão à terapia antirretroviral em serviços de HIV/Aids no Brasil", desenvolvido em São Bernardo do Campo (SP) e publicado em 2018. Os instrumentos foram validados no Brasil e apresentaram valores estatisticamente aceitáveis para as qualidades psicométricas. CONCLUSÃO Os instrumentos para avaliar a adesão de pessoas vivendo com HIV à terapia antirretroviral são estratégias validadas para o contexto do Brasil. Todavia há que se expandir a (re)utilização em diferentes cenários e contextos da nação. A utilização desses instrumentos por profissionais da saúde pode melhorar a compreensão dos fatores que atuam negativa e positivamente na adesão à terapia antirretroviral, e a proposição de estratégias com o objetivo de consolidar a boa adesão e intervir no tratamento das pessoas com baixo engajamento terapêutico.

Reuse of hospital bedpans.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the results of two methods of hospital bedpan reprocessing. METHODS: cross-sectional study. Hospital bedpans containing a biological material contamination simulator or organic matter were submitted to manual cleaning followed by disinfection with 70% alcohol solution or thermodisinfection. Permanence of simulated contamination was evaluated by using the fluorescence technique and presence of organic matter was verified by carrying out the protein detection test. RESULTS: the contamination simulator was found in bedpans submitted to both processes. The seat was dirtier after manual cleaning (p=0.044) in comparison with the result obtained with thermodisinfection. Automatized decontamination led to worse results when compared to the manual procedure for the scoop and external bottom (p=0.000). The protein detection test was positive in two items after thermodisinfection. CONCLUSIONS: manual cleaning followed by rubbing with 70% alcohol solution proved more effective than automatized cleaning in the reprocessing of hospital bedpans. There are relevant issues regarding reuse of hospital bedpans.

The use of antimicrobial-impregnated fabrics in health services: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze evidence concerning the feasibility of antimicrobial-impregnated fabrics in preventing and controlling microbial transmission in health services. METHOD: an integrative review using the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), regardless of language and date of publication. Seven studies were included in the analysis to verify the types of fabrics and substances used to impregnate the fabrics, applicability in health services, and decrease in microbial load. RESULTS: silver nanoparticles and copper oxide are the main antimicrobial substances used to impregnate the fabrics. The patients' use of these fabrics, such as in bed and bath linens and clothing, was more effective in reducing antimicrobial load than in health workers' uniforms. CONCLUSION: the use of these antimicrobial-impregnated textiles, especially by patients, is a viable alternative to prevent and control microbial transmission in health services. Implementing these fabrics in health workers' uniforms requires further studies, however, to verify its effectiveness in decreasing microbial load in clinical practice.

The use of antimicrobial-impregnated fabrics in health services: an integrative review / Utilización de textiles impregnados con antimicrobianos en los servicios sanitarios: revisión integradora / Utilização de têxteis impregnados com antimicrobianos nos serviços de saúde: revisão integrativa

Objective: to analyze evidence concerning the feasibility of antimicrobial-impregnated fabrics in preventing and controlling microbial transmission in health services. Method: an integrative review using the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), regardless of language and date of publication. Seven studies were included in the analysis to verify the types of fabrics and substances used to impregnate the fabrics, applicability in health services, and decrease in microbial load. Results: silver nanoparticles and copper oxide are the main antimicrobial substances used to impregnate the fabrics. The patients' use of these fabrics, such as in bed and bath linens and clothing, was more effective in reducing antimicrobial load than in health workers' uniforms. Conclusion: the use of these antimicrobial-impregnated textiles, especially by patients, is a viable alternative to prevent and control microbial transmission in health services. Implementing these fabrics in health workers' uniforms requires further studies, however, to verify its effectiveness in decreasing microbial load in clinical practice.

Objetivo: analizar las evidencias existentes sobre la viabilidad de utilizar textiles impregnados con sustancias antimicrobianas en la prevención y control de la transmisión microbiana en servicios sanitarios. Método: revisión integradora, utilizando las bases de dados MEDLINE (vía PubMed), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus y Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), sin restricción de idioma y período de publicación. Después de la búsqueda en la literatura científica, fueron seleccionados siete estudios para análisis en cuanto al tipo de textil y sustancia utilizada para impregnación, aplicabilidad en el servicio sanitario y reducción de la carga microbiana. Resultados: nanopartículas de plata y óxido de cobre fueron las principales sustancias antimicrobianas utilizadas para la impregnación de textiles. La utilización de esos textiles por los pacientes, como ropa de hotel y ropa, demostró mayor eficacia en la reducción de la carga microbiana en comparación al uso como uniforme por profesionales sanitarios. Conclusión: la utilización de textiles impregnados con sustancias antimicrobianas, sobre todo por los pacientes, puede ser considerada una alternativa viable en la prevención y control de la transmisión microbiana en los servicios sanitarios. Sin embargo, la implementación de estos textiles como uniforme para profesionales de la salud todavía necesita de mayores investigaciones en cuanto a la reducción de la carga microbiana en la práctica clínica.

Objetivo: analisar as evidências existentes sobre a viabilidade de utilizar têxteis impregnados com substâncias antimicrobianas na prevenção e no controle da transmissão microbiana em serviços de saúde. Método: revisão integrativa, utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), sem restrição de idioma e período de publicação. Após a busca na literatura científica, foram selecionados sete estudos para análise quanto ao tipo de têxtil e substância utilizada para a impregnação, a aplicabilidade no serviço de saúde e a redução da carga microbiana. Resultados: nanopartículas de prata e óxido de cobre foram as principais substâncias antimicrobianas utilizadas para a impregnação de têxteis. A utilização desses têxteis pelos pacientes, como roupas de hotelaria e vestuário, demonstrou maior eficácia na redução da carga microbiana em comparação ao uso como uniforme por profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: a utilização de têxteis impregnados com substâncias antimicrobianas, sobretudo pelos pacientes, pode ser considerada uma alternativa viável na prevenção e no controle da transmissão microbiana nos serviços de saúde. Todavia, a implementação destes têxteis, como uniforme para profissionais de saúde, ainda necessita de maiores investigações quanto à redução da carga microbiana na prática clínica.

Ação antimicrobiana do gás ozônio em superfícies e na aeromicrobiota / Acción antimicrobiana del gas ozono en superfi cies y en la microbiota del aire / Antimicrobial action of ozone gas on surfaces and in the air

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a ação antimicrobiano do gás ozônio (O3) em superfícies e ar ambiente climatizado artificialmente. Métodos: Estudo experimental/laboratorial e transversal realizado em dez salas de um laboratório de pesquisa em microbiologia médica, com risco de segurança biológica classe 2. As superfícies demarcadas do chão, parede e bancada foram avaliadas, quanto à presença ou ausência de micro-organismos, a partir de coletas feitas com swab umedecido em água destilada estéril, antes e após a exposição do gás O3 gerado por dois equipamentos distintos. Após este procedimento, o swab foi inoculado na superfície do meio de cultura Brain Heart Infusion Agar DIFCO® (BHI), seguindo-se a incubação a 35ºC por 24 horas. Para a análise microbiológica do ar, uma placa com BHI foi exposta aberta por uma hora, antes e após o tratamento do gás O3, sendo incubadas segundo os mesmos critérios. Resultados: A atividade antimicrobiana do gás O3 gerado por ambos os equipamentos foi constatada para todas as áreas investigadas, com registros de redução do número de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias. O potencial de inibição antimicrobiana dos aparelhos se manteve próximo para os critérios de análise adotados, com destaque para as áreas de chão e bancada. Considerando-se todas as salas e percentuais de inibição microbiana, frente aos dois equipamentos, os resultados foram: chão (100%), bancada (90%), parede (50%) e ar, 70%. Conclusão: Os equipamentos geradores de gás O3 apresentaram potencial antimicrobiano para medida de controle de microrganismos presentes em superfícies e ar ambiente climatizado artificialmente, sendo um sanitizante factível para utilização.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la acción antimicrobiana del gas ozono (O3) en superficies y en el aire interior climatizado artificialmente. Métodos: Estudio experimental/de laboratorio y transversal realizado en diez salas de un laboratorio de investigación en microbiología médica, con riesgo de seguridad biológica clase 2. Se evaluaron las superficies delimitadas en el piso, pared y mesa en cuanto a la presencia o ausencia de microorganismos, a partir de muestras recolectadas con hisopo humedecido en agua destilada estéril, antes y después de la exposición del gas O3 generado por dos máquinas distintas. Luego de este procedimiento, el hisopo fue inoculado en la superficie del medio de cultivo Brain Heart Infusion Agar DIFCO® (BHI), y después incubado a 35 °C por 24 horas. Para el análisis microbiológico del aire, se expuso una placa con BHI abierta durante una hora, antes y después del tratamiento del gas O3, y luego se incubó con los mismos criterios. Resultados: Se constató la actividad antimicrobiana del gas O3 generado por ambas máquinas en todas las áreas investigadas, y se registró una reducción del número de unidades formadoras de colonias. El potencial de inhibición antimicrobiana de los dispositivos se mantuvo próximo a los criterios de análisis adoptados, con énfasis en el área del piso y mesa. Considerando todas las salas y porcentajes de inhibición microbiana, con las dos máquinas, los resultados fueron: piso (100 %), mesa (90 %), pared (50 %) y aire (70 %). Conclusión: Las máquinas generadoras de gas O3 presentaron potencial antimicrobiano como medida de control de microorganismos presentes en superficies y aire interior climatizado artificialmente, lo que lo convierte en un desinfectante factible para ser usado.

Abstract Objective: Assess the antimicrobial action of ozone gas (O3) on surfaces and artificially cooled ambient air. Methods: Cross-sectional experimental/laboratory study carried out in ten rooms of a medical microbiology research lab, with class 2 biosafety risk. The demarcated surfaces on the floor, wall and counter were assessed in relation to the presence or absence of microorganisms, based on collections done with swabs dampened in sterile distilled water, before and after exposure to ozone gas produced by two different generators. After this procedure, each swab was inoculated on the surface of a Brain Heart Infusion Agar DIFCO® (BHI) culture, followed by incubation at 35ºC for 24 hours. For the microbiological analysis of the air, a petri dish with BHI was openly exposed for one hour, before and after treatment with O3 gas, and were incubated according to the same criteria. Results: The antimicrobial activity of the O3 gas produced by both generators was checked in all the areas investigated, with records indicating a decrease in the number of colony-forming units. The antimicrobial inhibition potential of the generators was close to the analysis criteria adopted, particularly for the floor and counter areas. Based on all the rooms and microbial inhibition percentages, in relation to the two generators, the results were: floor (100%), counter (90%), wall (50%) and air (70%). Conclusion: The O3 generators had antimicrobial potential as a procedure for controlling microorganisms present on surfaces and in artificially cooled ambient air, constituting a feasible sanitizer.