Hybrid model for early identification post-Covid-19 sequelae.

Artificial Intelligence techniques based on Machine Learning algorithms, Neural Networks and Naïve Bayes can optimise the diagnostic process of the SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19. The most significant help of these techniques is analysing data recorded by health professionals when treating patients with this disease. Health professionals' more specific focus is due to the reduction in the number of observable signs and symptoms, ranging from an acute respiratory condition to severe pneumonia, showing an efficient form of attribute engineering. It is important to note that the clinical diagnosis can vary from asymptomatic to extremely harsh conditions. About 80% of patients with Covid-19 may be asymptomatic or have few symptoms. Approximately 20% of the detected cases require hospital care because they have difficulty breathing, of which about 5% may require ventilatory support in the Intensive Care Unit. Also, the present study proposes a hybrid approach model, structured in the composition of Artificial Intelligence techniques, using Machine Learning algorithms, associated with multicriteria methods of decision support based on the Verbal Decision Analysis methodology, aiming at the discovery of knowledge, as well as exploring the predictive power of specific data in this study, to optimise the diagnostic models of Covid-19. Thus, the model will provide greater accuracy to the diagnosis sought through clinical observation.

A Protocol for the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Structured in Machine Learning and Verbal Decision Analysis.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a mental disorder that afflicts millions of people worldwide. It is estimated that one in 160 children has traces of autism, with five times the higher prevalence in boys. The protocols for detecting symptoms are diverse. However, the following are among the most used: the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), of the American Psychiatric Association; the Revised Autistic Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-R); the Autistic Diagnostic Interview (ADI); and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and adopted in Brazil by the Unified Health System (SUS). The application of machine learning models helps make the diagnostic process of Autism Spectrum Disorder more precise, reducing, in many cases, the number of criteria necessary for evaluation, denoting a form of attribute engineering (feature engineering) efficiency. This work proposes a hybrid approach based on machine learning algorithms' composition to discover knowledge and concepts associated with the multicriteria method of decision support based on Verbal Decision Analysis to refine the results. Therefore, the study has the general objective of evaluating how the mentioned hybrid methodology proposal can make the protocol derived from ICD-10 more efficient, providing agility to diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder by observing a minor symptom. The study database covers thousands of cases of people who, once diagnosed, obtained government assistance in Brazil.

The positive impact of physical activity on the reduction of anxiety scores: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare anxiety scores between physical activity practitioners and sedentary, men and women and to relate them to physical activity frequency and age. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 256 regular aerobic physical activity practitioners was compared to a sample of 256 sedentary individuals (control group). Anxiety scores were quantified by Anxiety Inventory Spielberger State-Trait (STAI). The scores of the groups were compared using the Student t-test and chi-square test for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. The correlation between scores of different variables was performed using the Pearson test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the average anxiety scores (p <0.001) and the chi-square test proved there is a higher prevalence of severe anxiety (p <0.001) in the sedentary group. Age did not correlate with worse anxiety scores (p <0.05). Comparing by gender, women had a higher prevalence of intense anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who engage in regular physical activity have lower levels of anxiety, and both sexes are benefited with the anxiolytic potential of physical activity. Therefore, this study proved that the Roman poet Juvenal was right, and his expression "Mens sana in corpore sano," could also be interpreted in the opposite direction, i.e., a healthy body correlates with a healthy mind.

The positive impact of physical activity on the reduction of anxiety scores: a pilot study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: To compare anxiety scores between physical activity practitioners and sedentary, men and women and to relate them to physical activity frequency and age. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 256 regular aerobic physical activity practitioners was compared to a sample of 256 sedentary individuals (control group). Anxiety scores were quantified by Anxiety Inventory Spielberger State-Trait (STAI). The scores of the groups were compared using the Student t-test and chi-square test for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. The correlation between scores of different variables was performed using the Pearson test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the average anxiety scores (p <0.001) and the chi-square test proved there is a higher prevalence of severe anxiety (p <0.001) in the sedentary group. Age did not correlate with worse anxiety scores (p <0.05). Comparing by gender, women had a higher prevalence of intense anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who engage in regular physical activity have lower levels of anxiety, and both sexes are benefited with the anxiolytic potential of physical activity. Therefore, this study proved that the Roman poet Juvenal was right, and his expression "Mens sana in corpore sano," could also be interpreted in the opposite direction, i.e., a healthy body correlates with a healthy mind.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Comparar escores de ansiedade entre praticantes de atividade física e sedentários, entre homens e mulheres e relacioná-los com frequência de atividade física e idade. MÉTODOS: Amostra de 256 praticantes de atividade física aeróbica regular foi comparada à amostra de 256 sedentários (grupo controle). Escores de ansiedade foram quantificados por meio do Inventário de Ansiedade Estado-Traço de Spielberger (Idate). Os escores dos grupos foram comparados por meio dos testes t de Student e qui-quadrado para dados paramétricos e não paramétricos, respectivamente. A correlação entre escores de diferentes variáveis foi realizada pelo teste de Pearson. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa entre os escores médios de ansiedade (p < 0,001) e o teste qui-quadrado comprovou haver maior prevalência de escores de ansiedade intensa (p < 0,001) no grupo de sedentários. Idade não se correlacionou com piores escores de ansiedade (p < 0,05). Em relação ao sexo, mulheres apresentaram maior prevalência de escores de ansiedade intensa. CONCLUSÕES: Praticantes de atividade física possuem menores escores de ansiedade e ambos os sexos se beneficiam com o potencial ansiolítico da prática de atividade física. Portanto, foi comprovado que a máxima de Juvenal, Mens sana in corpore sano, também pode ser interpretada em sentido inverso, em que um corpo são se correlaciona com uma mente sã.

Programa Más Médico: la mejora para la salud pública en Brasil / More Medical Program: the improvement for public health in Brazil / Programa Mais Médico: a melhoria para a saúde pública no Brasil

Resumen: Introducción: El Programa Más Médico fue lanzado el 08 de julio de 2013, con la finalidad de suplir la necesidad de médicos en regiones con mayor vulnerabilidad. Objetivo: Describir por medio de la literatura las mejoras en el sistema de salud pública en Brasil con el programa más médicos. Metodología: Investigación del tipo revisión integrativa, la cuestión orientadora fue ¿Cómo el programa más médicos ayudó a mejorar la salud pública en Brasil? Fue investigado a través de las bases de datos BVS, SCIELO y LILACS. Los descriptores elegidos fueron: Programa más médicos; Salud pública; Medicina preventiva. Resultados y Discusión: El Programa fue instituido en Brasil, buscando la mejora de la atención de la atención primaria en lugares alejados de la zona urbana y también para los indios. Los médicos cubanos trajeron un nuevo enfoque para el tratamiento brasileño, elaborando el verdadero sentido de la salud pública, que es nada menos, que la medicina preventiva, que trata de tratar y concientizar a la población con el autocuidado, o el cuidado participativo, donde el usuario junto con el profesional tiene participación en su cuidado antes de que ocurra alguna patología. Conclusión: Es importante para el fortalecimiento y evolución de la calidad de los servicios prestados en la atención básica de salud, principalmente en las regiones con menos accesibilidades, de esa forma, la necesidad de ampliación de investigaciones dirigidas a ese tema es clara, para que de esa forma pueda conocer más el programa e identificar los puntos positivos y negativos.

The Most Medical Program was launched on July 08, 2013, to meet the need for doctors in regions with greater vulnerability. Objective: To describe in the literature the improvements in the public health system in Brazil with the most medical program. Methodology: Research the type integrative review, the guiding question was as more medical program has helped to improve public health in Brazil? It was searched through the databases VHL, SCIELO and LILACS. The chosen descriptors were: More medical program; Public health; Preventive medicine. Results and Discussion: The Program was instituted in Brazil, aiming at improving the primary care service in locations far from the urban area and also for the Indians. Cuban doctors brought a new approach to Brazilian treatment, elaborating the true meaning of public health, which is nothing less than preventive medicine, which aims to treat and raise awareness of the population with self-care, or participatory care, where the user together with the professional has participation in their care before any pathology occurs. Conclusion: It is important to strengthen and improve the quality of services provided in basic health care, especially in regions with less access, so the need to expand research on this subject is clear, so that the program and identify the positives and negatives.

O Programa Mais Médico foi lançado em 08 de julho de 2013, com a finalidade de suprir a necessidade de médicos em regiões com maior vulnerabilidade. Objetivo: Descrever por meio na literatura as melhorias no sistema de saúde pública no Brasil com o programa mais médicos. Metodologia: Pesquisa do tipo revisão integrativa, a questão norteadora foi Como o programa mais médicos ajudou a melhorar a saúde pública no Brasil? Foi pesquisado através das bases de dados BVS, SCIELO e LILACS. Os descritores escolhidos foram: Programa mais médicos; Saúde Pública; Medicina preventiva. Resultados e Discussão: O Programa foi instituído no Brasil, visando à melhoria do atendimento da atenção primária em locais afastados da zona urbana e também para os índios. Os médicos cubanos trouxeram uma nova abordagem para o tratamento brasileiro, elaborando o verdadeiro sentido da saúde pública, que é nada mais nada menos, do que a medicina preventiva, que visa tratar e conscientizar a população com o autocuidado, ou o cuidado participativo, onde o usuário juntamente com o profissional tem participação no seu cuidado antes que ocorra alguma patologia. Conclusão: É importante para o fortalecimento e evolução da qualidade dos serviços prestados na atenção básica de saúde, principalmente nas regiões com menos acessibilidades, dessa forma, a necessidade de ampliação de pesquisas voltadas a esse tema é clara, para que dessa forma possa conhecer mais o programa e identificar os pontos positivos e negativos.