Cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica em mulheres jovens: características clínicas, resultados e seguimento tardio / Myocardial revascularization surgery in young women: clinical characteristics, results and late follow-up

INTRODUÇÃO: A maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre doença cardiovascular baseia-se em modelos masculinos, e seus resultados têm sido extrapolados para a população feminina. Contudo, observa-se que as mulheres possuem peculiaridades relacionadas à doença arterial coronária e cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM). OBJETIVO: Análise das características clínicas, resultados e sobrevida em mulheres que realizaram a CRM isolada antes dos 45 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal de 91 pacientes do sexo feminino que foram consecutivamente submetidas à CRM isolada no período de 1999 a 2011 com base no banco de dados de hospital terciário especializado em cardiologia na última década. Análise Estatística: Medidas quantitativas foram descritas por média, mediana e desvio padrão. Curva de sobrevida através de Kaplan-Meier. RESULTADOS: No período analisado 91 pacientes do sexo feminino foram submetidas a cirurgia, sendo a idade média de 41,9 anos (DP 3,4 anos) e mediana de 43 anos; portadoras de hipertensão arterial (82,4%), diabetes melitus (31,9%), tabagismo (41,8%), história familiar positiva (30,8%), infarto prévio (57,1%). A maioria era triarterial (35,2%), lesão de tronco presente em 20,9%, lesão uniarterial (14,3%) e biarterial (29,7%). Na fase hospitalar, ocorreram 4 óbitos. Principais complicações relacionadas foram infarto perioperatório (6,6%), síndrome de baixo débito (7,7%), arritmia (5,5%). A curva de sobrevida em 10 anos neste grupo foi de 88%. O tempo médio de acompanhamento das pacientes pós-cirurgia foi de 5,5 anos. O tempo máximo de seguimento foi de 23 anos. CONCLUSÃO: População exclusivamente feminina com DAC grave apresentou evolução tardia satisfatória após CRM. Entender as características clínicas e os possíveis fatores relacionados à morbimortalidade após cirurgia são essenciais para tecer estratégias em busca de melhores resultados.

Circulating miRNAs are associated with frailty and ST-elevation myocardial infarction pathways.

BACKGROUND: Frailty and ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) share similar molecular pathways. Specific biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that cause the relationship between frailty and STEMI. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to identify and compare circulating miRNA levels between frail and non-frail older adults following STEMI and comprehend the regulatory miRNA-gene networks and pathways involved in this condition. METHODS: This exploratory study is a subanalysis of a larger observational study. In this study, we selected patients ≥ 65 years old, following STEMI, with pre-frail/frail (n=5) and non-frail (n=4) phenotype evaluated using the Clinical Frailty Scale and serum circulating miRNA levels were analyzed. RESULTS: Pre-frail/frail patients had greater serum levels of 53 miRNAs, compared with non-frail patients. Notably, miR-103a-3p, miR-598-3p, and miR-130a-3p were the top three significantly deregulated miRNAs predicted to modulate gene expression associated with aging. Additional computational analyses showed 7,420 predicted miRNA gene targets, which were regulated by at least two of the 53 identified miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that axon guidance and MAPK signaling were among pathways regulated by miRNA target genes. CONCLUSIONS: These novel findings suggest a correlation between the identified miRNAs, target genes, and pathways in pre-frail and frail patients with myocardial infarction.

Association between frailty and C-terminal agrin fragment with 3-month mortality following ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between frailty, evaluated by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) and FRAIL scale, and C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) levels with 3-month mortality following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This was a prospective observational study that included patients over the age of 18 years with STEMI admitted to the coronary intensive care unit. Within 48 h of admission, the CFS and FRAIL scale were applied and blood samples collected for serum CAF evaluation. Patients were followed for 3 months after hospital discharge, and mortality was recorded. One hundred and eleven patients were included; mean age was 62.3 ±â€¯12.4 years, 61.3% were male and 11.7% died during the 3 months of follow-up. According to the CFS, 79.3% of the patients were classified as not frail, 12.6% as pre-frail and 8.1% as frail. According to the FRAIL scale, 31.5% of the patients were classified as not frail, 53.2% as pre-frail and 15.3% as frail. In univariate analysis, the CFS but not FRAIL scale was associated with mortality. In multiple logistic regression analysis, pre-frail/frail according to CFS (odds ratio [OR]: 6.118; CI 95%: 1.344-27.848; p = 0.019) and CAF levels (OR: 0.943; CI 95%: 0.896-0.992; p = 0.024) were associated with increased 3-month mortality. In a sub-analysis of 53 patients ≥65 years, CFS and CAF levels were associated with 3-month mortality. In conclusion, CAF levels and frailty determined by the CFS were associated with 3-month mortality after STEMI in the general and older population.