ABSTRACT
This work reports the development of an efficient and precise indoor positioning system utilizing two-dimensional (2D) light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology, aiming to address the challenging sensing and positioning requirements of the beyond fifth-generation (B5G) mobile networks. The core of this work is the implementation of a 2D-LiDAR system enhanced by an artificial neural network (ANN), chosen due to its robustness against electromagnetic interference and higher accuracy over traditional radiofrequency signal-based methods. The proposed system uses 2D-LiDAR sensors for data acquisition and digital filters for signal improvement. Moreover, a camera and an image-processing algorithm are used to automate the labeling of samples that will be used to train the ANN by means of indicating the regions where the pedestrians are positioned. This accurate positioning information is essential for the optimization of B5G network operation, including the control of antenna arrays and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS). The experimental validation demonstrates the efficiency of mapping pedestrian locations with a precision of up to 98.787%, accuracy of 95.25%, recall of 98.537%, and an F1 score of 98.571%. These results show that the proposed system has the potential to solve the problem of sensing and positioning in indoor environments with high reliability and accuracy.
ABSTRACT
This work reports the implementation of a fiber-optics and visible light communication (VLC)-based flexible optical distribution network for beyond the fifth generation of mobile networks (B5G) applications. The proposed hybrid architecture is composed of a 12.5-km single-mode fiber fronthaul based on the analog radio-over-fiber (A-RoF) technology, followed by a red, green, and blue (RGB)-based VLC link of 1.2 m. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate a successful deployment of a 5G hybrid A-RoF/VLC system without using pre-/post-equalization, digital pre-distortion, or individual filters for each color, by means of using a dichroic cube filter at the receiver side. The system performance is evaluated in terms of the root mean square error vector magnitude (E V M R M S ), in accordance with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project requirements, and as a function of the light-emitting diodes' injected electrical power and signal bandwidth.
