ABSTRACT
Objective To perform a prospective evaluation of muscle injuries that occurred during the matches of series A and B of the Brazilian Men's Football Championship from 2016 to 2018. Prospective A prospective-cohort study with data collection regarding muscle injuries that occurred during the official matches of the first and second divisions of the Brazilian Men's Soccer Championship in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 seasons. Results The total number of muscle injuries was of 577 throughout the 3 seasons, with a gradual and annual reduction in the incidence of injuries (219 injuries in 2016, 195 in 2017, and 163 in 2018), with a statistically significant difference between the 2016 and 2018 seasons. Muscle injuries represented approximately 35% of the total lesions. The incidence of muscle injuries was of 7.66 per 1,000 hours of play. During the 3 seasons (2016 to 2018), the most common injury was of the hamstring muscle (41.1%, 40.5%, and 33.7% respectively). Wingers were the most affected players, and the most common injury severity scale was moderate (8 to 28 days). The moment of the match with the highest incidence of injuries was in the period between 61 and 75 minutes, with an index of 19.9%, with no statistical difference in relation to the other periods of the match. Conclusion There was an incidence of muscle injuries of 7.7 /1,000 h, and they occurred predominantly in home games, in defenders (wingers and centre-backs), with an average age of 28 years, mainly involving the hamstring muscles, with a moderate mean time of absence (8 to 28 days).
ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective To perform a prospective evaluation of muscle injuries that occurred during the matches of series A and B of the Brazilian Men's Football Championship from 2016 to 2018. Prospective A prospective-cohort study with data collection regarding muscle injuries that occurred during the official matches of the first and second divisions of the Brazilian Men's Soccer Championship in the 2016, 2017 and 2018 seasons. Results The total number of muscle injuries was of 577 throughout the 3 seasons, with a gradual and annual reduction in the incidence of injuries (219 injuries in 2016, 195 in 2017, and 163 in 2018), with a statistically significant difference between the 2016 and 2018 seasons. Muscle injuries represented approximately 35% of the total lesions. The incidence of muscle injuries was of 7.66 per 1,000 hours of play. During the 3 seasons (2016 to 2018), the most common injury was of the hamstring muscle (41.1%, 40.5%, and 33.7% respectively). Wingers were the most affected players, and the most common injury severity scale was moderate (8 to 28 days). The moment of the match with the highest incidence of injuries was in the period between 61 and 75 minutes, with an index of 19.9%, with no statistical difference in relation to the other periods of the match. Conclusion There was an incidence of muscle injuries of 7.7 /1,000 h, and they occurred predominantly in home games, in defenders (wingers and centre-backs), with an average age of 28 years, mainly involving the hamstring muscles, with a moderate mean time of absence (8 to 28 days).
Resumo Objetivo Realizar uma avaliação prospectiva das lesões musculares ocorridas durante as partidas das séries A e B do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Masculino dos anos de 2016 a 2018. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo com coleta de dados referentes às lesões musculares ocorridas durante os jogos oficiais da primeira e segunda divisões do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Masculino nas temporadas de 2016, 2017 e 2018. Resultados O número total de lesões musculares foi de 577 ao longo das 3 temporadas, havendo uma redução gradual e anual na incidência delas (219 lesões em 2016, 195 em 2017, e 163 em 2018), com diferença estatística significativa entre os anos de 2016 e 2018. As lesões musculares representaram aproximadamente 35% de todas as lesões. A incidência das lesões musculares foi 7,66 para cada 1.000 horas de jogo. Nas 3 temporadas (2016 a 2018), a mais comum foi a lesão muscular dos isquiotibiais (41,1%, 40,5% e 33,7%, respectivamente). Os laterais foram os mais acometidos, e a escala de severidade de lesão mais comum foi a moderada (8 a 28 dias). O momento da partida com maior incidência de lesões foi no período entre 61 e 75 minutos, com um índice de 19,9%, não havendo diferença estatística em relação aos demais períodos de jogo. Conclusão Houve uma incidência de lesões musculares de 7,7 lesões/1.000 h, e ocorreram predominantemente nos jogos em casa, em defensores (laterais e zagueiros), com idade média de 28 anos, envolvendo principalmente a musculatura isquiotibial, com tempo médio de afastamento moderado (8 a 28 dias).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Play and Playthings , Athletic Injuries , Soccer , Wounds and Injuries , Incidence , Prospective Studies , Athletes , Hamstring Muscles , FootballABSTRACT
The evolution of gastric carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. We established two gastric carcinogenesis models in New-World nonhuman primates. In the first model, ACP03 gastric cancer cell line was inoculated in 18 animals. In the second model, we treated 6 animals with N-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU). Animals with gastric cancer were also treated with Canova immunomodulator. Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical, including C-reactive protein, folic acid, and homocysteine, analyses were performed in this study. MYC expression and copy number was also evaluated. We observed that all animals inoculated with ACP03 developed gastric cancer on the 9(th) day though on the 14(th) day presented total tumor remission. In the second model, all animals developed pre-neoplastic lesions and five died of drug intoxication before the development of cancer. The last surviving MNU-treated animal developed intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma observed by endoscopy on the 940(th) day. The level of C-reactive protein level and homocysteine concentration increased while the level of folic acid decreased with the presence of tumors in ACP03-inoculated animals and MNU treatment. ACP03 inoculation also led to anemia and leukocytosis. The hematologic and biochemical results corroborate those observed in patients with gastric cancer, supporting that our in vivo models are potentially useful to study this neoplasia. In cell line inoculated animals, we detected MYC immunoreactivity, mRNA overexpression, and amplification, as previously observed in vitro. In MNU-treated animals, mRNA expression and MYC copy number increased during the sequential steps of intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis and immunoreactivity was only observed in intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. Thus, MYC deregulation supports the gastric carcinogenesis process. Canova immunomodulator restored several hematologic measurements and therefore, can be applied during/after chemotherapy to increase the tolerability and duration of anticancer treatments.
