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1.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 25: e220014, 2022.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35703716

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of smoking indicators among Brazilian students according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019, and compare the prevalence between 2015 and 2019. METHODS: Data from the National Survey of School Health 2015 and 2019 were used. Indicators related to tobacco use were analyzed. Indicators were compared between the 2015 and 2019 editions. Prevalence and respective 95% Confidence Interval (95%IC) were calculated for the total population and according to sex, age group and type of school. RESULTS: 22.6% (95%CI 21.7-23.4) of the students had tried any cigarette and it was higher between 16 and 17 years of age (32.6%; 95% CI 31.4-33, 8) and in males (35.0%; 95%CI 33.6-36.4). The experimentation of hookah, electronic cigarette and other tobacco products are also high, with 26.9% (95%CI 26.0-27.8), 16.8% (95%CI 16.2-17.4) and 9.3% (95%CI 8.8-9.8), respectively, being higher among boys aged 16 to 17 years. It is noteworthy that there were no changes in the indicators of cigarette experimentation, smoking for the first time before the age of 13, smoking in the 30 days prior to the survey, and at least one of the smoking parents. CONCLUSION: Although smoked tobacco indicators are stable between 2015 and 2019, the high prevalence of experimentation with products such as hookah and electronic cigarettes is highlighted, drawing attention to the need for new regulatory measures.


OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de indicadores do tabagismo entre escolares brasileiros segundo características sociodemográficas em 2019 e comparar as prevalências entre 2015 e 2019. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015 e 2019. Foram analisados os indicadores referentes ao uso do tabaco, que foram comparados entre as edições de 2015 e 2019. Foram calculadas as prevalências e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) para a população total e segundo sexo, faixa etária e tipo de escola. RESULTADOS: Dos escolares, 22,6% (IC95% 21,7-23,4) já experimentaram cigarro alguma vez, porcentagem mais elevada entre os de 16 a 17 anos de idade (32,6%; IC95% 31,4-33,8) e no sexo masculino (35,0%; IC95% 33,6-36,4). A experimentação de narguilé, cigarro eletrônico e outros produtos do tabaco também se mostra elevada, com 26,9% (IC95% 26,0-27,8), 16,8% (IC95% 16,2-17,4) e 9,3% (IC95% 8,8-9,8), respectivamente, sendo mais alta entre os escolares do sexo masculino de 16 a 17 anos. Destaca-se que não houve mudanças nos indicadores "experimentação do cigarro", "fumar pela primeira vez antes dos 13 anos", "fumar nos 30 dias anteriores à pesquisa" e "ter ao menos um dos pais fumantes" entre os anos indicados. CONCLUSÃO: Embora os indicadores de tabaco fumado estejam estáveis entre 2015 e 2019, destacam-se as elevadas prevalências de experimentação de produtos como narguilé e cigarro eletrônico, que chamam a atenção para a necessidade de novas medidas regulatórias.


Subject(s)
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Smoking Water Pipes , Tobacco Products , Adolescent , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Nicotiana , Tobacco Use
2.
Preprint in Portuguese | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-4256

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the prevalence of smoking indicators among Brazilian students according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019, and compare the prevalence between 2015 and 2019. Methods: Data from the National Survey of School Health 2015 and 2019 were used. Indicators related to tobacco use were analyzed. Indicators were compared between the 2015 and 2019 editions. Prevalence and respective 95% Confidence Interval (95%IC) were calculated for the total population and according to sex, age group and type of school. Results: 22.6% (95%CI 21.7­23.4) of the students had tried any cigarette and it was higher between 16 and 17 years of age (32.6%; 95% CI 31.4­33, 8) and in males (35.0%; 95%CI 33.6­36.4). The experimentation of hookah, electronic cigarette and other tobacco products are also high, with 26.9% (95%CI 26.0­27.8), 16.8% (95%CI 16.2­17.4) and 9.3% (95%CI 8.8­9.8), respectively, being higher among boys aged 16 to 17 years. It is noteworthy that there were no changes in the indicators of cigarette experimentation, smoking for the first time before the age of 13, smoking in the 30 days prior to the survey, and at least one of the smoking parents. Conclusion: Although smoked tobacco indicators are stable between 2015 and 2019, the high prevalence of experimentation with products such as hookah and electronic cigarettes is highlighted, drawing attention to the need for new regulatory measures.


Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de indicadores do tabagismo entre escolares brasileiros segundo características sociodemográficas em 2019 e comparar as prevalências entre 2015 e 2019. Métodos: Utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015 e 2019. Foram analisados os indicadores referentes ao uso do tabaco, que foram comparados entre as edições de 2015 e 2019. Foram calculadas as prevalências e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) para a população total e segundo sexo, faixa etária e tipo de escola. Resultados: Dos escolares, 22,6% (IC95% 21,7­23,4) já experimentaram cigarro alguma vez, porcentagem mais elevada entre os de 16 a 17 anos de idade (32,6%; IC95% 31,4­33,8) e no sexo masculino (35,0%; IC95% 33,6­36,4). A experimentação de narguilé, cigarro eletrônico e outros produtos do tabaco também se mostra elevada, com 26,9% (IC95% 26,0­27,8), 16,8% (IC95% 16,2­17,4) e 9,3% (IC95% 8,8­9,8), respectivamente, sendo mais alta entre os escolares do sexo masculino de 16 a 17 anos. Destaca-se que não houve mudanças nos indicadores "experimentação do cigarro", "fumar pela primeira vez antes dos 13 anos", "fumar nos 30 dias anteriores à pesquisa" e "ter ao menos um dos pais fumantes" entre os anos indicados. Conclusão: Embora os indicadores de tabaco fumado estejam estáveis entre 2015 e 2019, destacam-se as elevadas prevalências de experimentação de produtos como narguilé e cigarro eletrônico, que chamam a atenção para a necessidade de novas medidas regulatórias.

3.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 26: e1461, abr.2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1422470

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a prevalência de fatores de risco e proteção para acidentes de transporte terrestre (ATT) entre adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: foram analisados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, de 2015 e 2019, referentes aos indicadores de risco e/ou proteção no trânsito. Foram estimadas as prevalências e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%), segundo sexo, faixa etária e tipo de escola. Resultados: dos escolares de 13 a 17 anos entrevistados, 33,3% (IC 95%:32,1;33,7) referiram ter dirigido veículo motorizado ou ter sido transportado em veículo conduzido por alguém que tinha consumido bebida alcoólica, 38,1% (IC 95%:37,4;38,7) afirmaram ter sido transportados por quem utilizava o celular enquanto dirigia, 17,5% (IC 95%:16,8;18,2) referiram não usar cinto de segurança no banco da frente e 30,2% (IC 95%:29,4;30,9) no banco de trás, e 27,1% (IC 95%:26,5;27,7) dos estudantes relataram ter sido transportado por condutor alcoolizado. Entre 2015 e 2019, o uso do cinto de segurança no banco de trás, reduziu de 33,7% para 30,2%, e o uso de capacete ao andar de moto aumentou de 84,6% para 88,9%. Conclusão: a prevalência de escolares que dirigiam ou andavam com pessoas sob efeito do álcool ou que usavam o celular enquanto dirigiam foi elevada. Além disso, o uso de cinto de segurança no banco de trás foi baixo. Entre 2015 e 2019, o uso de cinto de segurança no banco de trás reduziu e o uso de capacete aumentou. É necessário ampliar as estratégias de educação no trânsito para os adolescentes, seus familiares e responsáveis.


RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo y protección de los accidentes de tráfico (ATT) entre los adolescentes brasileños. Métodos: se analizaron los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar de 2015 y 2019, referidos a los indicadores de riesgo y/o protección en el tráfico. Se estimó la prevalencia y los respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%), según el sexo, el grupo de edad y el tipo de escuela. Resultados: de los estudiantes de 13 a 17 años entrevistados, el 33,3% (IC 95%:32,1;33,7) declaró haber conducido un vehículo de motor o haber sido transportado en un vehículo conducido por alguien que había consumido bebidas alcohólicas, el 38,1% (IC 95%: 37,4;38,7) declararon haber sido transportados por alguien que utilizaba el teléfono móvil mientras conducía, el 17,5% (IC 95%:16,8;18,2) declararon no llevar el cinturón de seguridad en el asiento delantero y el 30,2% (IC 95%:29,4;30,9) en el asiento trasero, y el 27,1% (IC 95%:26,5;27,7) de los estudiantes declararon haber sido transportados por un conductor alcoholizado. Entre 2015 y 2019, el uso del cinturón de seguridad en el asiento trasero, se redujo del 33,7% al 30,2%, y el uso del casco cuando se conduce una moto, aumentó del 84,6% al 88,9%. Conclusión: la prevalencia de escolares que conducían o viajaban con personas bajo los efectos del alcohol o que utilizaban el teléfono móvil mientras conducían era elevada. Además, el uso del cinturón de seguridad en el asiento trasero era escaso. Entre 2015 y 2019, se redujo el uso del cinturón de seguridad en el asiento trasero y aumentó el uso del casco. Es necesario ampliar las estrategias de educación vial para los adolescentes, sus familias y tutores.


ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the prevalence of risk and protection factors for road transportation accidents (RTAs) among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: data from the 2015 and 2019 National School Health Survey were analyzed, referring to the risk and/or protection risk indicators in terms of traffic. The prevalence values and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated according to gender, age group and type of school. Results: of the students aged from 13 to 17 years old that were interviewed, 33.3% (95% CI: 32.1-33.7) reported having driven a motor vehicle or being a passenger in a vehicle driven by someone who had drunk alcohol, 38.1% (95% CI: 37.4-38.7) reported having been a passenger of someone who used a cell phone while driving, 17.5% (95% CI: 16.8-18.2) reported not wearing a seatbelt in the front seat and 30.2% (95% CI: 29.4-30.9) not doing so in the back seat, and 27.1% (95% CI: 26.5-27.7) of the students reported having been a passenger of a drunk driver. Between 2015 and 2019, back-seat seatbelt use dropped from 33.7% to 30.2%, and helmet use while riding a motorcycle increased from 84.6% to 88.9%. Conclusion: the prevalence of in-school adolescents who drove or were passengers in vehicles driven by motorists under the effect of alcohol or using cell phones while driving was high. In addition to that, back-seat seatbelt use was low. Between 2015 and 2019, back-seat seatbelt use was reduced and helmet u se while riding a motorcycle increased. It is necessary to expand the traffic education strategies aimed at adolescents, their family members and guardians.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Accidents, Traffic , Risk Factors , Health Surveys , Motor Vehicles , Land Transport Accidents , Health Strategies , Protective Factors , Traffic Education , Accident Prevention/legislation & jurisprudence
4.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 25: e220014, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376640

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência de indicadores do tabagismo entre escolares brasileiros segundo características sociodemográficas em 2019 e comparar as prevalências entre 2015 e 2019. Métodos: Utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015 e 2019. Foram analisados os indicadores referentes ao uso do tabaco, que foram comparados entre as edições de 2015 e 2019. Foram calculadas as prevalências e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) para a população total e segundo sexo, faixa etária e tipo de escola. Resultados: Dos escolares, 22,6% (IC95% 21,7-23,4) já experimentaram cigarro alguma vez, porcentagem mais elevada entre os de 16 a 17 anos de idade (32,6%; IC95% 31,4-33,8) e no sexo masculino (35,0%; IC95% 33,6-36,4). A experimentação de narguilé, cigarro eletrônico e outros produtos do tabaco também se mostra elevada, com 26,9% (IC95% 26,0-27,8), 16,8% (IC95% 16,2-17,4) e 9,3% (IC95% 8,8-9,8), respectivamente, sendo mais alta entre os escolares do sexo masculino de 16 a 17 anos. Destaca-se que não houve mudanças nos indicadores "experimentação do cigarro", "fumar pela primeira vez antes dos 13 anos", "fumar nos 30 dias anteriores à pesquisa" e "ter ao menos um dos pais fumantes" entre os anos indicados. Conclusão: Embora os indicadores de tabaco fumado estejam estáveis entre 2015 e 2019, destacam-se as elevadas prevalências de experimentação de produtos como narguilé e cigarro eletrônico, que chamam a atenção para a necessidade de novas medidas regulatórias.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the prevalence of smoking indicators among Brazilian students according to sociodemographic characteristics in 2019, and compare the prevalence between 2015 and 2019. Methods: Data from the National Survey of School Health 2015 and 2019 were used. Indicators related to tobacco use were analyzed. Indicators were compared between the 2015 and 2019 editions. Prevalence and respective 95% Confidence Interval (95%IC) were calculated for the total population and according to sex, age group and type of school. Results: 22.6% (95%CI 21.7-23.4) of the students had tried any cigarette and it was higher between 16 and 17 years of age (32.6%; 95% CI 31.4-33, 8) and in males (35.0%; 95%CI 33.6-36.4). The experimentation of hookah, electronic cigarette and other tobacco products are also high, with 26.9% (95%CI 26.0-27.8), 16.8% (95%CI 16.2-17.4) and 9.3% (95%CI 8.8-9.8), respectively, being higher among boys aged 16 to 17 years. It is noteworthy that there were no changes in the indicators of cigarette experimentation, smoking for the first time before the age of 13, smoking in the 30 days prior to the survey, and at least one of the smoking parents. Conclusion: Although smoked tobacco indicators are stable between 2015 and 2019, the high prevalence of experimentation with products such as hookah and electronic cigarettes is highlighted, drawing attention to the need for new regulatory measures.

5.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 21(suppl 1): e180002, 2018 Nov 29.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30517453

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze trend estimates on the prevalence of risk and protective behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents, according to data from the National School Health Survey in 2009, 2012 and 2015. METHODS: Data from the three cross-sectional studies in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District were used. In total, 173,310 adolescents enrolled in the ninth grade of elementary school were interviewed, with average age of 14 years. The prevalence of indicators of protective (consumption of beans and fruit; physical education classes at school; practice of physical activity for 60 minutes or more) and risk factors (consumption of candies and soft drinks; use of cigarettes and alcohol in the last 30 days; drug testing) were estimated through linear regression. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of fruit consumption and in the reduction of bean, soft drinks and candies consumption, as well as the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. However, an increase in the prevalence of illicit drug experimentation was observed. Discussion: Despite the tendency to reduce risk factors, prevalences are high when compared with other sociocultural realities. CONCLUSION: The school is an important area of access to the adolescent public, and it is necessary to encourage school health promotion programs to reduce health risk behaviors, as well as to stimulate protective ones.


OBJETIVO: Analisar as estimativas de tendência sobre a prevalência de comportamentos de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar em 2009, 2012 e 2015. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados dos três estudos transversais nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. No total, entrevistaram-se 173.310 adolescentes matriculados no 9º ano do ensino fundamental, com idade média de 14 anos. Foram estimadas pelo modelo de regressão linear as prevalências dos indicadores de fatores de proteção (consumo de feijão e frutas; aulas de educação física na escola; prática de 60 minutos ou mais de atividade física) e de risco (consumo de guloseimas e refrigerantes; uso de cigarro e álcool nos últimos 30 dias; experimentação de drogas). RESULTADOS: Houve aumento significativo (p < 0,05) da prevalência do consumo de frutas e redução de consumo de feijão, refrigerantes e guloseimas, assim como do uso de bebidas alcoólicas e cigarro, entretanto foi observado aumento na prevalência de experimentação de drogas ilícitas. DISCUSSÃO: Apesar da tendência de redução em alguns fatores de risco, as prevalências encontradas são altas ao comparar com outras realidades socioculturais. CONCLUSÃO: A escola é um importante espaço de acesso ao público adolescente, e faz-se necessário estimular programas de promoção da saúde escolar para reduzir comportamentos de risco à saúde, assim como incentivar comportamentos protetores.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Health/trends , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Risk-Taking , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Brazil/epidemiology , Candy/statistics & numerical data , Carbonated Beverages/statistics & numerical data , Exercise/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Female , Humans , Illicit Drugs , Male , Noncommunicable Diseases/psychology , Prevalence , Protective Factors , Risk Factors , Tobacco Smoking/psychology , Underage Drinking/psychology
6.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 21(suppl 1): e180005, 2018 Nov 29.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30517456

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation between parental supervision and sociodemographic factors and alcohol use by Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with data from National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015, which included 16,608 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years, students from Brazilian public and private schools. Variables related to alcohol use, sociodemographic factors and parental supervision were evaluated. In order to analyze the relation between sociodemographic variables, parental supervision and use of alcohol among adolescents, prevalence ratios stratified by sex were used. RESULTS: It was observed that 61.4% of the adolescents had tried alcohol, 27.2% had a drunken episode in their lifetime, 9.3% have had problems with alcohol and 29.3% reported alcohol use in last 30 days. The lack of parental supervision was associated with increased use of alcohol. The proportion of alcohol use was higher for girls, and also among those who were older than 16 years, worked, did not live with one or both parents, and lived in the South, regardless of sex. CONCLUSION: The results showed early alcohol experimentation and occurrence of problems due to its use among Brazilian adolescents. In addition, the lack of monitoring by parents and guardians shows a risk of alcohol use in this age.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação de indicadores de supervisão dos pais e fatores sociodemográficos com o uso de álcool pelos adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2015. A amostra foi composta de 16.608 adolescentes de 13 a 17 anos estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas brasileiras. Foram analisadas variáveis relacionadas ao uso de álcool, aos fatores sociodemográficos e aos indicadores de supervisão dos estudantes pelos pais. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RPs) para análise das relações existentes entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, de supervisão dos pais e o uso de álcool por adolescentes. As análises foram estratificadas por sexo. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se que 61,4% dos adolescentes já haviam experimentado bebida alcoólica, 27,2% já tiveram episódio de embriaguez alguma vez na vida, 9,3% já tiveram problemas devido ao uso de álcool e 29,3% relataram uso nos últimos 30 dias. Menores escores de supervisão dos pais se associaram à maior prevalência de uso de álcool, que também foi elevada entre as meninas, os que tinham idade superior a 16 anos, moravam na Região Sul, trabalhavam e não moravam com os pais. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram, em adolescentes, a experimentação precoce de bebidas alcoólicas e a ocorrência de problemas devido ao uso da substância. Além disso, a falta de supervisão e acompanhamento mais próximo dos filhos pelos pais e responsáveis aumentou o uso de álcool nessa idade.


Subject(s)
Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Parent-Child Relations , Psychology, Adolescent/statistics & numerical data , Underage Drinking/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Protective Factors , Risk-Taking , Sex Distribution , Socioeconomic Factors , Underage Drinking/psychology
7.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 21(suppl 1): e180007, 2018 Nov 29.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30517458

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The use of illicit drugs is a public health concern. This paper describes the prevalence and factors associated with the use of illicit drugs throughout life among 9th grade students attending public and private schools in daylight period in Brazil. METHOD: Data from the Brazilian Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed. Use of illicit drugs at some point in life was assessed considering marijuana, cocaine, crack, solvent-based glue, ether-based inhalants, ecstasy, and oxy. Data were analized descriptively and by the Poisson's regression model. RESULTS: The use of illicit drugs at least once in life was reported by 9,0% of participants, being more prevalent among girls and associated with alcohol or tobacco use, active sexual life, feeling of loneliness, little or no contact between school and parents, and the experience of familial aggressions. The outcome was inversely associated with close contact with parents and their supervision. Prevalence was higher among participants whose mothers had higher educational levels and had, who had a payed job, and who attended public schools. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of lifetime use of illicit drugs was stable when the three PeNSE samples were compared, but it resulted more common among girls in 2015 for the first time and was associated with the same conditions found in prior studies. CONCLUSION: Family and school appear to be protective factors, especially when there is direct supervision and care. It is important that both girls and boys are given the same attention when it comes to this this subject.


INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de substâncias ilícitas é uma preocupação em saúde pública. O estudo descreve sua prevalência entre estudantes do nono ano do turno diurno de escolas públicas e privadas do Brasil, identificando fatores associados. MÉTODO: Foram analisados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2015. A experimentação de drogas ilícitas (maconha, cocaína, crack, cola, loló, lança perfume, ecstasy ou oxy) alguma vez na vida foi avaliada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e regressão de Poisson para estimativa de razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas. RESULTADOS: O uso na vida de drogas ilícitas foi relatado por 9,0% dos escolares, foi mais prevalente entre as meninas e relacionado ao uso de álcool e tabaco, à atividade sexual e também à percepção de solidão, pouco vínculo/responsabilização entre escola e pais e vivências de agressões no ambiente familiar. O desfecho esteve inversamente associado ao contato próximo e à supervisão dos pais. O desfecho também foi mais prevalente entre escolares com maior escolaridade materna e inserção no mercado de trabalho e entre jovens de escolas públicas. DISCUSSÃO: A prevalência do uso na vida de drogas ilícitas mantém-se estável entre as edições da PeNSE, mas em 2015 o comportamento predominou entre as meninas, ainda associado às mesmas condições de estudos anteriores. CONCLUSÃO: Família e escola se expressam de modo protetor, especialmente quando há supervisão e cuidados diretos. É preciso estar igualmente atento a meninas e meninos com relação a esse tema.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Illicit Drugs , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Brazil , Bullying/psychology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Parent-Child Relations , Prevalence , Protective Factors , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Students/psychology , Young Adult
8.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 21(suppl 1): e180014, 2018 Nov 29.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30517465

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To present trends found in the last three editions of the National Adolescent Student Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar - PeNSE) on violent situations experienced by Brazilian students. METHODS: Time-series study with a focus on the Brazilian state capitals, using PeNSE databases of 2009, 2012, and 2015. The indicators evaluated were: missing classes due to insecurity in the home-school route or at school; involvement in a fight with firearm or melee weapon; and physical assault by an adult of the family. We estimated the prevalence of indicators according to the total number of adolescents, gender, school type, and capital. Trends in prevalence were estimated by linear regression, adjusted for age. RESULTS: We identified a trend in increasing prevalence, with statistical significance, for all selected violence indicators in the period from 2009 to 2015, in Brazilian state capitals. DISCUSSION: The most vulnerable groups were public schools students; male adolescents for involvement in fights with melee weapons or firearms; and female adolescents for physical assault by family members. CONCLUSION: PeNSE contributed to identifying the increase in the prevalence of violence experienced by adolescents, which alerts to the need of planning and implementing policies that help to prevent violence, and promote health and a culture of peace.


OBJETIVO: Apresentar as tendências encontradas nas três últimas edições da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) sobre situações de violência vivenciadas por escolares brasileiros. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de séries temporais com recorte para as capitais brasileiras, utilizando as bases de dados da PeNSE de 2009, 2012 e 2015. Os indicadores avaliados foram: faltar às aulas por insegurança no trajeto casa-escola ou na escola; envolvimento em briga com arma de fogo ou arma branca; e agressão por adulto da família. Foram estimadas as prevalências dos indicadores para o total dos adolescentes, por sexo, tipo de escola e capitais. As tendências das prevalências foram estimadas por meio de regressão linear, ajustadas por idade. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se tendência de aumento das prevalências, com significância estatística, para todos os indicadores de violência selecionados no período de 2009 a 2015, nas capitais brasileiras. DISCUSSÃO: Os grupos mais vulneráveis foram escolares das escolas públicas; adolescentes do sexo masculino no caso do envolvimento em brigas com arma branca ou de fogo; e adolescentes do sexo feminino no caso de agressão física por familiar. CONCLUSÃO: A PeNSE contribuiu para identificar o aumento das prevalências de violências vividas pelos adolescentes, o que alerta para a necessidade de planejamento e implementação de políticas que contribuam para a prevenção de violência, promoção da saúde e da cultura de paz.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Violence/trends , Adolescent , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Domestic Violence/trends , Female , Gun Violence/statistics & numerical data , Gun Violence/trends , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Schools/trends , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Time and Motion Studies , Violence/psychology , Violence/statistics & numerical data
9.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 21(supl.1): e180002, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977714

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar as estimativas de tendência sobre a prevalência de comportamentos de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adolescentes, segundo dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar em 2009, 2012 e 2015. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados dos três estudos transversais nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. No total, entrevistaram-se 173.310 adolescentes matriculados no 9º ano do ensino fundamental, com idade média de 14 anos. Foram estimadas pelo modelo de regressão linear as prevalências dos indicadores de fatores de proteção (consumo de feijão e frutas; aulas de educação física na escola; prática de 60 minutos ou mais de atividade física) e de risco (consumo de guloseimas e refrigerantes; uso de cigarro e álcool nos últimos 30 dias; experimentação de drogas). Resultados: Houve aumento significativo (p < 0,05) da prevalência do consumo de frutas e redução de consumo de feijão, refrigerantes e guloseimas, assim como do uso de bebidas alcoólicas e cigarro, entretanto foi observado aumento na prevalência de experimentação de drogas ilícitas. Discussão: Apesar da tendência de redução em alguns fatores de risco, as prevalências encontradas são altas ao comparar com outras realidades socioculturais. Conclusão: A escola é um importante espaço de acesso ao público adolescente, e faz-se necessário estimular programas de promoção da saúde escolar para reduzir comportamentos de risco à saúde, assim como incentivar comportamentos protetores.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze trend estimates on the prevalence of risk and protective behaviors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents, according to data from the National School Health Survey in 2009, 2012 and 2015. Methods: Data from the three cross-sectional studies in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District were used. In total, 173,310 adolescents enrolled in the ninth grade of elementary school were interviewed, with average age of 14 years. The prevalence of indicators of protective (consumption of beans and fruit; physical education classes at school; practice of physical activity for 60 minutes or more) and risk factors (consumption of candies and soft drinks; use of cigarettes and alcohol in the last 30 days; drug testing) were estimated through linear regression. Results: There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of fruit consumption and in the reduction of bean, soft drinks and candies consumption, as well as the consumption of alcoholic beverages and cigarettes. However, an increase in the prevalence of illicit drug experimentation was observed. Discussion: Despite the tendency to reduce risk factors, prevalences are high when compared with other sociocultural realities. Conclusion: The school is an important area of access to the adolescent public, and it is necessary to encourage school health promotion programs to reduce health risk behaviors, as well as to stimulate protective ones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Risk-Taking , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Health/trends , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Candy/statistics & numerical data , Carbonated Beverages/statistics & numerical data , Exercise/psychology , Illicit Drugs , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Protective Factors , Underage Drinking/psychology , Noncommunicable Diseases/psychology , Tobacco Smoking/psychology
10.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 21(supl.1): e180007, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977710

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Introdução: O uso de substâncias ilícitas é uma preocupação em saúde pública. O estudo descreve sua prevalência entre estudantes do nono ano do turno diurno de escolas públicas e privadas do Brasil, identificando fatores associados. Método: Foram analisados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2015. A experimentação de drogas ilícitas (maconha, cocaína, crack, cola, loló, lança perfume, ecstasy ou oxy) alguma vez na vida foi avaliada. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e regressão de Poisson para estimativa de razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas. Resultados: O uso na vida de drogas ilícitas foi relatado por 9,0% dos escolares, foi mais prevalente entre as meninas e relacionado ao uso de álcool e tabaco, à atividade sexual e também à percepção de solidão, pouco vínculo/responsabilização entre escola e pais e vivências de agressões no ambiente familiar. O desfecho esteve inversamente associado ao contato próximo e à supervisão dos pais. O desfecho também foi mais prevalente entre escolares com maior escolaridade materna e inserção no mercado de trabalho e entre jovens de escolas públicas. Discussão: A prevalência do uso na vida de drogas ilícitas mantém-se estável entre as edições da PeNSE, mas em 2015 o comportamento predominou entre as meninas, ainda associado às mesmas condições de estudos anteriores. Conclusão: Família e escola se expressam de modo protetor, especialmente quando há supervisão e cuidados diretos. É preciso estar igualmente atento a meninas e meninos com relação a esse tema.


ABSTRACT: Introduction: The use of illicit drugs is a public health concern. This paper describes the prevalence and factors associated with the use of illicit drugs throughout life among 9th grade students attending public and private schools in daylight period in Brazil. Method: Data from the Brazilian Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) were analyzed. Use of illicit drugs at some point in life was assessed considering marijuana, cocaine, crack, solvent-based glue, ether-based inhalants, ecstasy, and oxy. Data were analized descriptively and by the Poisson's regression model. Results: The use of illicit drugs at least once in life was reported by 9,0% of participants, being more prevalent among girls and associated with alcohol or tobacco use, active sexual life, feeling of loneliness, little or no contact between school and parents, and the experience of familial aggressions. The outcome was inversely associated with close contact with parents and their supervision. Prevalence was higher among participants whose mothers had higher educational levels and had, who had a payed job, and who attended public schools. Discussion: The prevalence of lifetime use of illicit drugs was stable when the three PeNSE samples were compared, but it resulted more common among girls in 2015 for the first time and was associated with the same conditions found in prior studies. Conclusion: Family and school appear to be protective factors, especially when there is direct supervision and care. It is important that both girls and boys are given the same attention when it comes to this this subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Students/statistics & numerical data , Illicit Drugs , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Students/psychology , Brazil , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Distribution , Bullying/psychology , Protective Factors
11.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 21(supl.1): e180005, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977705

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a relação de indicadores de supervisão dos pais e fatores sociodemográficos com o uso de álcool pelos adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2015. A amostra foi composta de 16.608 adolescentes de 13 a 17 anos estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas brasileiras. Foram analisadas variáveis relacionadas ao uso de álcool, aos fatores sociodemográficos e aos indicadores de supervisão dos estudantes pelos pais. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RPs) para análise das relações existentes entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, de supervisão dos pais e o uso de álcool por adolescentes. As análises foram estratificadas por sexo. Resultados: Encontrou-se que 61,4% dos adolescentes já haviam experimentado bebida alcoólica, 27,2% já tiveram episódio de embriaguez alguma vez na vida, 9,3% já tiveram problemas devido ao uso de álcool e 29,3% relataram uso nos últimos 30 dias. Menores escores de supervisão dos pais se associaram à maior prevalência de uso de álcool, que também foi elevada entre as meninas, os que tinham idade superior a 16 anos, moravam na Região Sul, trabalhavam e não moravam com os pais. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram, em adolescentes, a experimentação precoce de bebidas alcoólicas e a ocorrência de problemas devido ao uso da substância. Além disso, a falta de supervisão e acompanhamento mais próximo dos filhos pelos pais e responsáveis aumentou o uso de álcool nessa idade.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the relation between parental supervision and sociodemographic factors and alcohol use by Brazilian adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data from National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015, which included 16,608 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years, students from Brazilian public and private schools. Variables related to alcohol use, sociodemographic factors and parental supervision were evaluated. In order to analyze the relation between sociodemographic variables, parental supervision and use of alcohol among adolescents, prevalence ratios stratified by sex were used. Results: It was observed that 61.4% of the adolescents had tried alcohol, 27.2% had a drunken episode in their lifetime, 9.3% have had problems with alcohol and 29.3% reported alcohol use in last 30 days. The lack of parental supervision was associated with increased use of alcohol. The proportion of alcohol use was higher for girls, and also among those who were older than 16 years, worked, did not live with one or both parents, and lived in the South, regardless of sex. Conclusion: The results showed early alcohol experimentation and occurrence of problems due to its use among Brazilian adolescents. In addition, the lack of monitoring by parents and guardians shows a risk of alcohol use in this age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Parent-Child Relations , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Psychology, Adolescent/statistics & numerical data , Underage Drinking/statistics & numerical data , Risk-Taking , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Distribution , Protective Factors , Underage Drinking/psychology
12.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 21(supl.1): e180014, 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977698

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Objetivo: Apresentar as tendências encontradas nas três últimas edições da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) sobre situações de violência vivenciadas por escolares brasileiros. Metodologia: Estudo de séries temporais com recorte para as capitais brasileiras, utilizando as bases de dados da PeNSE de 2009, 2012 e 2015. Os indicadores avaliados foram: faltar às aulas por insegurança no trajeto casa-escola ou na escola; envolvimento em briga com arma de fogo ou arma branca; e agressão por adulto da família. Foram estimadas as prevalências dos indicadores para o total dos adolescentes, por sexo, tipo de escola e capitais. As tendências das prevalências foram estimadas por meio de regressão linear, ajustadas por idade. Resultados: Identificou-se tendência de aumento das prevalências, com significância estatística, para todos os indicadores de violência selecionados no período de 2009 a 2015, nas capitais brasileiras. Discussão: Os grupos mais vulneráveis foram escolares das escolas públicas; adolescentes do sexo masculino no caso do envolvimento em brigas com arma branca ou de fogo; e adolescentes do sexo feminino no caso de agressão física por familiar. Conclusão: A PeNSE contribuiu para identificar o aumento das prevalências de violências vividas pelos adolescentes, o que alerta para a necessidade de planejamento e implementação de políticas que contribuam para a prevenção de violência, promoção da saúde e da cultura de paz.


ABSTRACT: Objective: To present trends found in the last three editions of the National Adolescent Student Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar - PeNSE) on violent situations experienced by Brazilian students. Methods: Time-series study with a focus on the Brazilian state capitals, using PeNSE databases of 2009, 2012, and 2015. The indicators evaluated were: missing classes due to insecurity in the home-school route or at school; involvement in a fight with firearm or melee weapon; and physical assault by an adult of the family. We estimated the prevalence of indicators according to the total number of adolescents, gender, school type, and capital. Trends in prevalence were estimated by linear regression, adjusted for age. Results: We identified a trend in increasing prevalence, with statistical significance, for all selected violence indicators in the period from 2009 to 2015, in Brazilian state capitals. Discussion: The most vulnerable groups were public schools students; male adolescents for involvement in fights with melee weapons or firearms; and female adolescents for physical assault by family members. Conclusion: PeNSE contributed to identifying the increase in the prevalence of violence experienced by adolescents, which alerts to the need of planning and implementing policies that help to prevent violence, and promote health and a culture of peace.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Violence/trends , Health Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior/physiology , Schools/trends , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Time and Motion Studies , Violence/psychology , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Sex Factors , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Domestic Violence/trends , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Gun Violence/trends , Gun Violence/statistics & numerical data
13.
Epidemiol Serv Saude ; 26(3): 605-616, 2017.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28977184

ABSTRACT

The National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) is a survey conducted with students from public and private schools, performed in a partnership between the Ministry of Health and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, with support of the Ministry of Education. PeNSE is part of the Brazilian Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases. Three editions were held, with triennial periodicity (2009, 2012 and 2015), which included samples composed of 9th grade students. In 2015, a sample of 13 to 17 years old students was added, making PeNSE comparable to international surveys. Throughout the three editions, the sample has increased, in size and scope, and the questionnaire has changed. In addition to the risk and protective factors for chronic diseases, the survey covers other topics, such as sexual behavior and violence. PeNSE provides essential information to support public policies aimed at Brazilian adolescents.


A Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), inquérito com estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas, é realizada graças à parceria do Ministério da Saúde com o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e o apoio do Ministério da Educação. A PeNSE é parte da Vigilância dos Fatores de Risco e Proteção das Doenças Crônicas do Brasil. Realizaram-se três edições da PeNSE, com periodicidade trienal (2009, 2012 e 2015), contando com amostras constituídas por estudantes do 9o ano do Ensino Fundamental. Em 2015, foi acrescentada amostra de estudantes de 13 a 17 anos, tornando a PeNSE comparável aos inquéritos internacionais. Ao longo das três edições, a amostra ampliou-se, em tamanho e abrangência, e houve mudanças no questionário. Além dos fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas, a pesquisa contempla outros temas, como comportamento sexual e violências. A PeNSE disponibiliza informações fundamentais para subsidiar políticas voltadas aos adolescentes brasileiros.


La Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar (PeNSE) es la encuesta que incluye los estudiantes de escuelas públicas y privadas, realizado en colaboración entre el Ministerio de Salud y el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, con apoyo del Ministerio de Educación. Es parte de la Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección para Enfermedades Crónicas de Brasil. Se han llevado a cabo tres ediciones trienales (2009, 2012 y 2015), que incluyeron muestras compuestas de estudiantes del 9 ° grado de la escuela primaria. En 2015, se añadió la muestra de estudiantes de 13 a 17 años, posibilitando comparación con estudios internacionales. Durante las tres ediciones, se ha ampliado la muestra en tamaño y alcance, y hubo cambios en el cuestionario. Además de los factores de riesgo y protección para las enfermedades crónicas, también aborda temas como comportamiento sexual y violencia. PeNSE proporciona información clave para las políticas destinadas a adolescentes brasileños.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Adolescent Health , Health Surveys , Public Policy , Adolescent , Brazil , Chronic Disease , Humans , Protective Factors , Risk Factors
14.
Rev Saude Publica ; 51(0): 27, 2017 Mar 30.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28380209

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the school environments to which ninth-year students are exposed in Brazil and in the five regions of the country according to health promotion guidelines. METHODS: Cross-sectional study from 2012, with a representative sample of Brazil and its macroregions. We interviewed ninth-year schoolchildren and managers of public and private schools. We proposed a score of health promotion in the school environment (EPSAE) and estimated the distribution of school members according to this score. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were used, by ordinal regression, to determine the schoolchildren and schools with higher scores, according to the independent variables. RESULTS: A student is more likely to attend a school with a higher EPSAE in the South (OR = 2.80; 95%CI 2.67-2.93) if the school is private (OR = 4.52; 95%CI 4.25-4.81) and located in a state capital, as well as if the student is 15 years of age or older, has a paid job, or has parents with higher education. CONCLUSIONS: The inequalities among the country's regions and schools are significant, demonstrating the need for resources and actions that promote greater equity. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os ambientes escolares aos quais estão expostos estudantes do nono ano no Brasil e nas cinco regiões do país segundo diretrizes de promoção da saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, de 2012, com amostra representativa do Brasil e suas macrorregiões. Escolares do nono ano e gestores de escolas públicas e privadas foram entrevistados. Foi proposto o Escore de Promoção de Saúde no Ambiente Escolar (EPSAE) e foi estimada a distribuição dos escolares segundo esse escore e segundo odds ratio (OR) brutas e ajustadas, por regressão ordinal, para exposição dos escolares a escolas com escores mais elevados, segundo as variáveis independentes. RESULTADOS: Um escolar tem mais probabilidade de frequentar escola com EPSAE elevado na região Sul (OR = 2,80; IC95% 2,67-2,93) se a escola for privada privada (OR = 4,52; IC95% 4,25-4,81) e estiver localizada em capital de estado e se o escolar tiver 15 anos de idade ou mais, exercer atividade remunerada ou tiver mãe ou pai com escolaridade superior. CONCLUSÕES: São importantes as desigualdades entre regiões do país e entre redes de ensino, tornando clara a necessidade de alocação de recursos e ações que promovam maior equidade.


Subject(s)
Health Promotion/statistics & numerical data , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Schools/standards , Socioeconomic Factors , Spatial Analysis
15.
Rev. saúde pública ; 51: 27, 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-845874

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate the school environments to which ninth-year students are exposed in Brazil and in the five regions of the country according to health promotion guidelines. METHODS Cross-sectional study from 2012, with a representative sample of Brazil and its macroregions. We interviewed ninth-year schoolchildren and managers of public and private schools. We proposed a score of health promotion in the school environment (EPSAE) and estimated the distribution of school members according to this score. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were used, by ordinal regression, to determine the schoolchildren and schools with higher scores, according to the independent variables. RESULTS A student is more likely to attend a school with a higher EPSAE in the South (OR = 2.80; 95%CI 2.67–2.93) if the school is private (OR = 4.52; 95%CI 4.25–4.81) and located in a state capital, as well as if the student is 15 years of age or older, has a paid job, or has parents with higher education. CONCLUSIONS The inequalities among the country’s regions and schools are significant, demonstrating the need for resources and actions that promote greater equity.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar os ambientes escolares aos quais estão expostos estudantes do nono ano no Brasil e nas cinco regiões do país segundo diretrizes de promoção da saúde. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, de 2012, com amostra representativa do Brasil e suas macrorregiões. Escolares do nono ano e gestores de escolas públicas e privadas foram entrevistados. Foi proposto o Escore de Promoção de Saúde no Ambiente Escolar (EPSAE) e foi estimada a distribuição dos escolares segundo esse escore e segundo odds ratio (OR) brutas e ajustadas, por regressão ordinal, para exposição dos escolares a escolas com escores mais elevados, segundo as variáveis independentes. RESULTADOS Um escolar tem mais probabilidade de frequentar escola com EPSAE elevado na região Sul (OR = 2,80; IC95% 2,67–2,93) se a escola for privada privada (OR = 4,52; IC95% 4,25–4,81) e estiver localizada em capital de estado e se o escolar tiver 15 anos de idade ou mais, exercer atividade remunerada ou tiver mãe ou pai com escolaridade superior. CONCLUSÕES São importantes as desigualdades entre regiões do país e entre redes de ensino, tornando clara a necessidade de alocação de recursos e ações que promovam maior equidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Health Promotion/statistics & numerical data , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interviews as Topic , Schools/standards , Socioeconomic Factors , Spatial Analysis
16.
Rev Col Bras Cir ; 41(5): 357-65, 2014.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25467102

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the supply of equipment and procedures inherent to public hemodynamic services in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory study based on official data banks: AMS survey of IBGE, CNES, AIH and APAC, and ANS. The examination period of the supply was from 1999 to 2009, and of the use, from 2008 to October 2012. RESULTS: Since 1999 there has been a growth in the acquisition of hemodynamic equipment. The private sector concentrates most of the offer, but has been reducing its availability to the Unified Health System (SUS). The ratio of the equipment and the population exceeds that of some rich countries. On the supply side, there was, in Rio de Janeiro, in 2009, a rate of 4.1 units per million inhabitants, higher than in Brazil as a whole, of 3.4; however, when considering only the offer for the SUS (SUS), the values are similar, 1.6 and 1.5. CONCLUSION: The procedures of interventional cardiology grew between 2008 and 2011 in Rio de Janeiro, but the majority of public hospitals have reduced production and the private have increased it, resulting in the referral of SUS users to be submitted to procedures great distances from home.


Subject(s)
Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/supply & distribution , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Hemodynamics , Radiography, Interventional/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Humans
17.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 41(5): 357-365, Sep-Oct/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-729961

ABSTRACT

Objective: The paper analyzes the supply and the utilization of hemodynamic services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: It's an exploratory study that uses data obtained from Brazilian official databases. The period of supply analysis was from 1999 to 2009, and of utilization was from 2008 to October 2012. Results: Since 1999 there is a growth of hemodynamic equipment purchase. The private sector concentrates most of the supply, but it has been reducing its availability to SUS. The rate between population and equipment in Brazil exceeds the ones of some rich countries. In the sense of supply, there are in 2009, a supply rate of 1,4 equipments for 1 million inhabitants in RJ state, larger than brazilian rate, of 3,4 but the rates are similar for public customers. Conclusion: Interventional cardiology procedures have improved in the state, but in a different way. And this is because the public hospitals at Rio de Janeiro have mostly reduced their production, while the private ones have increased their production. The observed result is the SUS users performing their procedures at great distances. .


Objetivo: analisar a oferta dos equipamentos e a utilização dos procedimentos inerentes aos serviços públicos de hemodinâmica no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, a partir de bancos de dados oficiais: pesquisa AMS do IBGE, CNES, AIH e APAC, e da ANS. O período de análise da oferta foi de 1999 a 2009 e o da utilização, de 2008 a outubro de 2012. Resultados: Desde 1999 há crescimento na aquisição dos equipamentos de hemodinâmica. O setor privado concentra grande parte da oferta, mas vem reduzindo sua disponibilidade ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A taxa de equipamentos pela população supera a de alguns países ricos. Quanto à oferta, havia, no Rio de Janeiro, em 2009, uma taxa de 4,1 aparelhos por milhão de habitantes maior do que no Brasil, de 3,4, mas considerando apenas a oferta para o SUS, os valores são semelhantes, de 1,6 e 1,5. Conclusão: Os procedimentos de cardiologia intervencionista cresceram entre 2008 e 2011 no RJ mas os hospitais públicos na sua maioria têm reduzido a produção e os privados aumentado, resultando no encaminhamento dos usuários do SUS para realizar os procedimentos a grandes distâncias. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Radiography, Interventional/statistics & numerical data , Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular/statistics & numerical data , Health Services/supply & distribution , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Hemodynamics , Brazil
18.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 17 Suppl 1: 62-76, 2014.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25054254

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Nicotine dependence establishes itself more rapidly among adolescents than among adults. Tobacco occupies the fourth place in the rank of main risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the continent. Studies reveal that other forms of tobacco use have increased among adolescents. METHODS: Were included the 9th grade students from the 26 State Capitals and the Federal District. who were participants of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), in 2012. Factors independently associated with experimentation and regular use of cigarettes were investigated by means of multinomial logistic regression, using as reference "never tried a cigarette". The use of other tobacco products included cigar, pipe, narghile and others. RESULTS: Of the in the 61,037 participants in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, 22.7% (95%CI 21.7 - 23.5) had experimented cigarettes, 6.1% (95%CI 5.6 - 6.6) are regular smokers and 7.1% (95%CI 6.5 - 7.7) had used other tobacco products, with half of them also being regular smokers. The chances of experimenting and being a regular smoker increased with age and according to the frequency of weekly exposure to other smokers. These chances were also higher among students who worked, who lived in monoparental families or without their parents, and those who felt that their parents would not mind if they smoked. CONCLUSION: Results reinforce the association between social disadvantages and experimenting and regular smoking. In addition, the use of other tobacco products is worthy of attention and may lead to regular smoking.


Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Exploratory Behavior , Smoking/epidemiology , Smoking/psychology , Adolescent , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Health
19.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 17 Suppl 1: 77-91, 2014.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25054255

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of major risk and protection factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in school-aged children in Brazilian capitals surveyed in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey in its two editions, 2009 and 2012. METHODS: The frequencies, with Confidence Interval of 95%, of the following demographic variables were compared: food intake, body image, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and other drugs. Prevalence was compared in the two editions of the survey. RESULTS: The proportion of students who attend two physical education classes a week was maintained at 49% between 2009 and 2012, increasing in public schools from 50.6% (95%CI 49.8 - 51.4) to 52.5% (95%CI 49.2 - 55.7), and decreasing in private schools. There was no change in the proportion of students who watch two hours or more of television daily, about 80%. As for body image, there was no change between the two editions, and about 60% considered themselves being of normal weight. There was a reduction in the percentage of adolescents who experienced cigarettes, from 24.2% (95%CI 23.6 - 24.8) to 22.3% (95%CI 21.4 - 23.2), and the prevalence of smoking was maintained at about 6% (there was no statistical difference between 2009 and 2012). The consumption of beans, fruits, sweets and soft drinks also decreased. Frequency of drug experimentation was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.3 - 9.1) in 2009, and 9.6% (95%CI 9.0 - 10.3) in 2012, with no difference between confidence intervals, and the frequency of alcohol experimentation was maintained at about 70%; the percentage of use in the past 30 days was also maintained at around 27%. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian capitals, the vast majority of prevalence of risk factors were kept stable in the two editions of the National Survey of School. These data generate evidence to guide the implementation of public policies to minimize the exposure of adolescents to risk factors.


Subject(s)
Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Adolescent , Brazil , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Protective Factors , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Schools , Time Factors
20.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 17 Suppl 1: 106-15, 2014.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25054257

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of asthma symptoms in Brazil, its Regions and State capitals, according to data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, 2012. Furthermore, it aims to compare the prevalence of asthma in the capitals evaluated by PeNSE 2012 with previous results of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). METHODS: Cross sectional study of 9th grade students at public and private schools of all Brazilian states and the Federal District (Brasília). A self reported questionnaire containing items from the ISAAC was applied in order to identify the presence of asthma symptoms. RESULTS: The results of PeNSE indicate a high prevalence of asthma symptoms (23.2%) and of reports of a previous medical diagnosis of asthma (12.4%). Of the five state capitals in which the PeNSE results were compared to the ISAAC, São Paulo, Curitiba and Porto Alegre presented an increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms. In Salvador, there was a reduction. CONCLUSION: Brazil is among the countries with the highest prevalence of asthma in the world, and the prevalence is still growing.


Subject(s)
Asthma/epidemiology , Adolescent , Asthma/complications , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Schools
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