ABSTRACT
The aim of the work was to elucidate peculiarities of neurovegetative mechanisms underlying cardiovascular regulation in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) compared with healthy subjects and patients with arterial hypertension (AH). 46 patients presented with AH without obesity and metabolic disturbances, 42 with MS. 24-hour AD and ECG monitoring was performed and cardiac rhythm variability indices (CVI) were calculated. AH patients showed lowered CVI in association with decreased high-frequency vagal effects compared with healthy subjects. MS patients had smaller CVI than healthy and AH ones due to much poorer involvement of both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of vegetative nervous system. Vegetative balance index remained normal. It is concluded that the use of LF/HF ratio alone is insufficient for the evaluation of sympatovagal index in MS patients due to markedly decreased CVI; a complex analysis of all CVI temporal and spectral characteristics is needed.
Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/complications , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Heart Rate/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Adult , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Disease Progression , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
The nootropic agents pyracetam, ethymisole, N-5-oxynicotinoyl glutamate and beta-carboline derivative--ambocarb--enhance short-term potentiation of populational EPSP's amplitude of area CA1 pyramidal neurons in the slices of the rat hippocampus, which is evoked by NMDA. The inhibitors of protein kinases diminish the effect of pyracetam and ethymisole (tolbutamide), as well as all the studied nootropic drugs (polymyxin B and trifluoroperazine).
Subject(s)
Hippocampus/drug effects , N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology , Nootropic Agents/pharmacology , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects , Animals , Drug Synergism , Evoked Potentials/drug effects , Evoked Potentials/physiology , Hippocampus/physiology , In Vitro Techniques , Pyramidal Cells/drug effects , Pyramidal Cells/physiology , Rats , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology , Synaptic Transmission/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The nootropic drugs--nootropil, aethimizol, diethylaminoethanol, and ambocarb diminished of amnesia of active avoidance habit evoked by maximal electroconvulsive shock in the rats. At the same time tested nootropic drugs potentiated the frog spinal motoneurons responses mediated by NMDA, but not non NMDA glutamate receptors activation. It was discussed the role of NMDA-potentiating nootropic drugs action in their anti-amnestic action.
