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2.
Vopr Virusol ; 50(6): 36-41, 2005.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16408630

ABSTRACT

Sera sampled from 2,884 farming animals in the Astrakhan region in 2001 to 2004 were investigated by the hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) in order to indicate specific antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV). HIT-positive samples were investigated by the neutralization test (NT). WNV antibodies were detected in all the examined species of animals: horses (the proportion of positive tests throughout the observation averaged 9.8%; the agreement with NT results was 94.1%), cattle (6,4 and 72.%), camels (5.2 and 41.7%), pigs (3.1 and 75%), and sheep (2.2 and 57.1). Relationships between the environmental features of WNV in different natural zones, the infection rate, and the conditions of keeping farming animals in the Astrakhan region are analyzed.


Subject(s)
Animals, Domestic , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , West Nile Fever/veterinary , West Nile virus/immunology , Animals , Camelus , Carrier State , Cattle , Horses , Russia/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Sheep , Swine , West Nile Fever/blood , West Nile Fever/epidemiology
4.
Eksp Klin Farmakol ; 59(4): 5-7, 1996.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9026192

ABSTRACT

Tetrindol, a selective inhibitor of MAOA (predominantly of serotonin oxidase) and fluoxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin neuronal uptake, were studied in psychotropic tests on mice and rats. Both drugs significantly intensified 5-hydroxytriptophan-induced head twitching, reduced the effect of reserpine and the destructive action of maximal electroshock and the scopalamine-induced transient disruption of memory in a test for conditioned response of passive avoidance in rats and mice. In a behavioral swimming test the drugs were less active. In potentiation of 5-HT activity both drugs were approximately equal.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/pharmacology , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Fluoxetine/pharmacology , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Drug Interactions , Female , Male , Mice , Rats , Time Factors
6.
Biochem Pharmacol ; 47(2): 303-8, 1994 Jan 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8304974

ABSTRACT

The novel antidepressant tetrindole (2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-8-cyclohexyl-1H[3,2,1-j,k] carbazole) was found to be a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A). In vitro it inhibited rat brain mitochondrial MAO A in a competitive manner with Ki value of 0.4 microM. A 60 min preincubation did not change the competitive mode of interaction between enzyme and tetrindole (Ki value was 0.27 microM). The inhibition of rat brain mitochondrial MAO B was of mixed type with Ki value of 110 microM. Dilution or dialysis of mitochondrial suspension did not restore MAO A activity after inhibition by tetrindole both in vitro and in vivo, whereas inhibition of MAO B in vitro was completely reversible. Oral administration of tetrindole inhibited rat brain and liver mitochondrial MAO A by 80% within 0.5-1 hr and the onset of recovery of enzyme activity became evident after 24 hr. A small inhibition of MAO B (-20-30%) was observed in isolated brain and liver mitochondria within 1-6 hr and enzyme activity had completely recovered after 16 hr. The data obtained indicate that antidepressant activity of tetrindole may be explained by selective inhibition of MAO A, however an apparent discrepancy between competitive manner of MAO A inhibition in vitro and poor recovery of enzyme activity in vivo does not allow us to decide whether tetrindole is a "tight-binding" reversible inhibitor or a selective irreversible inhibitor of MAO A.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Brain/drug effects , Brain/enzymology , Carbazoles/administration & dosage , Kinetics , Male , Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects , Mitochondria, Liver/enzymology , Rats
7.
Eksp Klin Farmakol ; 56(2): 3-6, 1993.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8348033

ABSTRACT

The antidepressive effects of tetrindole versus pyrazidole (pirlindole) and imipramine were studied in animal experiments. Tetrindole was found to be more active than pyrazidole and imipramine in a behavioral model of Porsolt, in antagonism with reserpine, in potentiation with 5-hydroxytryptophan, L-dopa and clonidine. The action of terindole is related to its ability to exert reversible inhibitory effects on MAO A activity. Tetrindole is less toxic than pyrazidole and imipramine.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Animals , Antidepressive Agents/toxicity , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Carbazoles/toxicity , Conditioning, Classical/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Interactions , Exercise Tolerance/drug effects , Imipramine/pharmacology , Lethal Dose 50 , Memory/drug effects , Mice , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/toxicity , Rats , Swimming
8.
Biull Eksp Biol Med ; 113(5): 502-4, 1992 May.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1421269

ABSTRACT

In experiments in white mice and rats the antidepressants pyrazidol (pirlindole), moclobemide and especially tetrindole possess anticalcium activity in tests of calcium chloride-induced lethality in mice and arrhythmia in rats. Tetrindole is as active as verapamil. Imipramine, azaphen and incazane were not active in these experiments. In vitro on isolated intestinal segments of guinea-pigs tetrindole exerts anticalcium action, but in less degree than verapamil. In all probability the anticalcium activity of tetrindole may play some role in the mechanism of action of this compound on the central nervous system.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Benzamides/pharmacology , Brain/drug effects , Calcium Chloride/adverse effects , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Female , Imipramine/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Moclobemide , Oxazines/pharmacology , Rats , Verapamil/pharmacology
9.
Farmakol Toksikol ; 54(5): 4-5, 1991.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1800145

ABSTRACT

The experiments on albino rats demonstrated that antidepressants pyrazidol, imipramine, incazane, moclobemide and to a lesser degree azaphen reduce the amnesic effects of electroshock and scopolamine in the rats with the acquired conditioned reaction of passive avoidance. The studied antidepressants decrease also the disturbing action of alcohol on the learning of rats of the conditioned reaction of active avoidance.


Subject(s)
Amnesia/drug therapy , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Amnesia/etiology , Animals , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Electroshock , Ethanol , Male , Memory/drug effects , Rats , Scopolamine
10.
Biull Eksp Biol Med ; 112(8): 156-8, 1991 Aug.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1786375

ABSTRACT

In experiments on mice and rats we studied the influence of antidepressants on hypoxic and physical tolerance. The antidepressants pyrazidol, azaphen, imipramine and moclobemide as well as the nootropic drug piracetam prolonged the life of animals in conditions of hypoxic and hemic hypoxia and increased the survival rate of rats in circulatory hypoxia. In experiments on mice antidepressants increased also the time of swimming.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Hypoxia , Physical Exertion , Animals , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology , Benzamides/pharmacology , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Carbolines/pharmacology , Female , Imipramine/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Moclobemide , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Oxazines/pharmacology , Piracetam/pharmacology , Rats , Swimming
11.
Farmakol Toksikol ; 54(2): 38-40, 1991.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1884793

ABSTRACT

In experiments on conscious normotensive male Wistar rats the new antidepressants, reversible MAO-A inhibitors, pyrazidole and incazane, as well as moclobemid increased the pressor effect of orally administered tyramine. The drugs potentiated also the pressor effect of intravenous tyramine. More prolonged potentiation of tyramine action was produced by moclobemid, less prolonged by incazane. The potentiation by the studied MAO-A inhibitors of the pressor effect of tyramine reflects the inhibition of the activity of MAO-A and the first-pass metabolism of tyramine in the gut and liver, as well as the inhibition of intraneuronal MAO activity in noradrenergic nerve endings and the potentiation of sympathetic activity.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Carbolines/pharmacology , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Tyramine/pharmacology , Animals , Benzamides/pharmacology , Drug Synergism , Male , Moclobemide , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Time Factors , Tranylcypromine/pharmacology
12.
Farmakol Toksikol ; 54(1): 11-4, 1991.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1860489

ABSTRACT

The influence of Soviet-made antidepressants pyrazidol and incazane on some clonidine-induced effects (hypolocomotion, reactions of synchronization and desynchronization in the EEG, aggression) were studied. Pyrazidol and incazane reduce the effects of low doses of clonidine--the hypolocomotor one and the synchronization reaction in the EEG and enhance the effects of a high dose of clonidine--aggression and the desynchronization reaction in the EEG. The reduction of the sedative effects of clonidine as well as the enhancement of its activating effects by antidepressants can reflect the activation of adrenergic transmission by them. The adrenopositive effect of pyrazidol and incazane is more pronounced that that of imipramine.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Carbolines/pharmacology , Clonidine/pharmacology , Aggression/drug effects , Animals , Cortical Synchronization/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Interactions , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Female , Locomotion/drug effects , Male , Mice , Rabbits
13.
Farmakol Toksikol ; 53(4): 21-3, 1990.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1977614

ABSTRACT

The effect of an antiallergic (antihistaminic and antiserotonin) drug bicarphen on the functional state of the central nervous system (CNS) was studied. In experiments on animals bicarphen in contrast to dimedrol (diphenhydramine) exerted predominantly the activating effect on CNS (decreased the hypnotic action of barbamyl, enhanced the summation capacity of CNS and the activity of mice in the escape behavioral test, increased the bioelectrical activity of the brain and the activating effect of antidepressants on the EEG).


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/drug effects , Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology , Quinuclidines/pharmacology , Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Brain/drug effects , Brain/physiology , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Carbolines/pharmacology , Diphenhydramine/pharmacology , Drug Interactions , Electrophysiology , Female , Male , Mice , Physical Exertion/drug effects , Rabbits
15.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2728714

ABSTRACT

Experiments were performed on mice. Piracetam (500 mg/kg orally), but not meclofenoxate (100 mg/kg orally) potentiated the activating effect of antidepressants: pyrazidol, inkazane, nialamid and imipramine (10 mg/kg orally), in the "behavioral escape" test.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Avoidance Learning/drug effects , Escape Reaction/drug effects , Piracetam/pharmacology , Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology , Animals , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Carbolines/pharmacology , Drug Interactions , Female , Imipramine/pharmacology , Immersion , Male , Mice , Nialamide/pharmacology
16.
Farmakol Toksikol ; 51(4): 16-9, 1988.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2903832

ABSTRACT

Inkazan and pyrazidol given to mice in certain doses were found to reduce the sedative action of diazepam without decreasing its anxiolytic effect but at the same time enhancing the anticonvulsive one. Imipramine diminishes the hypolocomotor action of diazepam and also its anxiolytic effect and exerts no influence on the anticonvulsive effect. All studied antidepressants diminish the hypnotic action on nitrazepam in mice but only inkazan and pyrazidol decrease the sedative-hypnotic effect of nitrazepam in rats. In connection with the lack of the influence on the anxiolytic effect, inkazan and pyrazidol may be used to decrease the sedative side effects of benzodiazepines.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Carbolines/pharmacology , Diazepam/pharmacology , Nitrazepam/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Anxiety Agents , Anticonvulsants , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Interactions , Female , Imipramine/pharmacology , Male , Mice , Motor Activity/drug effects , Rats
17.
Biull Eksp Biol Med ; 104(8): 178-80, 1987 Aug.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3620675

ABSTRACT

Antidepressants pyrazidol (pirlindole), incazan, imipramine, nialamide, nomifensine, mianserin were shown to reduce the duration of immobilization in mice in "despair" tests and increase the number of rotations in water "escape" tests.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Animals , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Emotions/drug effects , Escape Reaction/drug effects , Female , Male , Mice
18.
Biull Eksp Biol Med ; 102(9): 290-2, 1986 Sep.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3756328

ABSTRACT

Orally administered amitryptiline (25 and 50 mg/kg) protected animals against fatal convulsions induced by thiosemicarbazide, strychnine and metrazole. Vilaxazine had a protecting effect against death induced by strychnine. Impramine, maprotiline, mianserine and pirlindole (pyrazidol) only somewhat prolonged the latend period of convulsions and death, while incazane, caroxazone, nomifenzine and trazodone had practically no effect on the action of the three convulsants under study.


Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Pentylenetetrazole/antagonists & inhibitors , Semicarbazides/antagonists & inhibitors , Strychnine/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Female , Male , Mice
20.
Eksp Onkol ; 7(4): 26-9, 1985.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2412783

ABSTRACT

A considerable blastomogenic effect of metabolite serotonin 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MOT) subcutaneously administered for a long time to C57BL/6 mice was established. This effect was decreased noticeably if the further metabolism of 5-MOT into 5-methoxyindolyl-3-acetic acid (5-MIAA) was blocked by pyrazidol. These results explain the fact that the blastomogenic effect of 5-MOT is not direct but is caused by the transformation of 5-MOT into its final carcinogenic metabolite 5-MIAA.


Subject(s)
5-Methoxytryptamine/metabolism , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced , Tryptamines/metabolism , 5-Methoxytryptamine/toxicity , Animals , Carbazoles/pharmacology , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/toxicity , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/pharmacology
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