ABSTRACT
Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene characterized by its high antioxidant activity; it is used in industrial, cosmetic, and nutritional applications. We evaluated the radioprotective capacity of CA on cells directly exposed to X-rays and non-irradiated cells that received signals from X-ray treated cells (radiation induced bystander effect, RIBE). The genoprotective capacity was studied by in vivo and in vitro micronucleus assays. Radioprotective capacity was evaluated by clonogenic cell survival, MTT, apoptosis and intracellular glutathione assays comparing radiosensitive cells (human prostate epithelium, PNT2) with radioresistant cells (murine metastatic melanoma, B16F10). CA was found to exhibit a genoprotective capacity in cells exposed to radiation (p < 0.001) and in RIBE (p < 0.01). In PNT2 cells, considered as normal cells in our study, CA achieved 97% cell survival after exposure to 20 Gy of X-rays, eliminating 67% of radiation-induced cell death (p < 0.001), decreasing apoptosis (p < 0.001), and increasing the GSH/GSSH ratio (p < 0.01). However, the administration of CA to B16F10 cells decreased cell survival by 32%, increased cell death by 200% (p < 0.001) compared to irradiated cells, and increased cell death by 100% (p < 0.001) in RIBE bystander cells (p < 0.01). Furthermore, it increased apoptosis (p < 0.001) and decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.01), expressing a paradoxical radiosensitizing effect in these cells. Knowing the potential mechanisms of action of substances such as CA could help to create new applications that would protect healthy cells and exclusively damage neoplastic cells, thus presenting a new desirable strategy for cancer patients in need of radiotherapy.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El colesteatoma congénito es una entidad que puede manifestarse con una amplia variedad de síntomas o ser silente durante largo tiempo y constituir un hallazgo incidental. Una vez diagnosticada es importante valorar su extensión y el compromiso de estructuras adyacentes, para lograr una adecuada planificación quirúrgica, eliminando la enfermedad y manteniendo la mejor funcionalidad posible. Se presenta un caso de colesteatoma congénito infantil.
Abstract Congenital cholesteatoma is an entity that can manifest with a wide variety of symptoms or be silent for a long time and constitute an incidental finding. Once diagnosed, it is important to assess the extension to apply the most efficient treatment, eliminating the disease and providing functionality if possible. A case of congenital cholesteatoma in a child is presented.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Cholesteatoma/congenital , Cholesteatoma/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Cholesteatoma/surgery , Mastoidectomy/methods , MastoidABSTRACT
<b>Objectives:</b> To determine the incidence of smell and taste disorders in our health department and to analyse the factors that could be associated with these symptoms in patients with COVID-19. <br><b>Methods:</b> We conducted an observational descriptive study of all patients with COVID-19 in our health area diagnosed between 2020/03/10 and 2020/04/14. Factors related to smell and taste disorders were analysed. <br><b>Results:</b> A total of 126 patients, 63 women and 63 men, aged 16-80 years, were included. As many as 69 patients (62.7%) presented hyposmia, and 58 (46%) of them had anosmia. A total of 75 patients (59.5%) presented hypogeusia, and 57 (45.2%) of them had ageusia. The risk factors that were most commonly associated with these disorders were the female sex (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 2.43 for smell disorders and 2.44 for taste disorders), allergic rhinitis (aOR 3.34 for smell disorders) and a younger age. A protective factor was arterial hypertension (aOR 0.51 for smell disorders and 0.35 for taste disorders). A history of tonsillectomy was the risk factor for taste disorder (aOR 5.23). <br><b>Conclusion:</b> Our results indicate that these sensory disorders occurred more frequently in female patients and in young patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection who progressed with mild nasal congestion, posterior rhinorrhoea and without anterior rhinorrhoea. The recovery of taste occurred before the recovery of smell.
