ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This investigation aims to determine cardiovascular disease risk profile in a cohort of employees. METHODS: In 704 participants, within the Special Institute for Preventive Cardiology And Nutrition health-check-program, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), lipids, glucose, and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk were assessed. RESULTS: Mean age was 37 (10) years (20% women) with 25.5 (3.9)â kg/m. A total of 38% demonstrated overweight, 44% abdominal obesity, 12% obesity, and 19% metabolic syndrome. We found a significant difference in increased BP versus diagnosed hypertension (47% vs. 14%; Pâ<â0.001). Increasing age was a significant predictor of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]â=â1.08 [1.06 to 1.10]; Pâ<â0.001). Ten percent had intermediate and 8% high cardiovascular disease risk. A total of 79% demonstrated at least one risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We detected high prevalence of risk factors particularly increased BP and abdominal obesity. Workplace prevention programs should aim in initially identifying risk factors and subsequently improving lifestyle.
Subject(s)
Hypertension/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Austria/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/diagnosis , Logistic Models , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Health Services , Overweight/diagnosis , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The increasing popularity of climbing activities is associated with a rise in the number of respective injuries and overuse syndromes. However, a comprehensive scrutiny of the incidence, kind and severity of climbing-related ailments in Austria is so far outstanding. We aimed to evaluate injuries and overuse syndromes in sport climbing and bouldering in Austria and to investigate whether the injury incidence differs between specific groups of climbers. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional self-report study. METHODS: A self-report questionnaire to assess (a) demographic and anthropometric characteristics, (b) climbing experience and skill level, and (c) detailed information on climbing-related injuries was made available in climbing halls and on the Internet. Data from 193 climbers (133 males and 60 females; age 30.4 ± 8.1 years; average climbing experience 9.3 ± 7.7 years) were acquired. RESULTS: A total of 374 injuries were reported by 130 participants (67.4 %). The single most common differential diagnoses, accounting for 56.7 % of all injuries, were strains and ruptures of annular ligaments of the fingers, lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, and sprains or fractures of the ankle joint. The odds for strains of the annular ligaments and lateral epicondylitis were greater in men and increased with older age and higher exposure to climbing stress. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comprehensive study investigating climbing-related injuries in Austria. The incidence and kind of the ailments reported confirm results of previous studies. Moreover, our results suggest that the risk to suffer climbing-related overuse syndromes, but not acute injuries, is dependent on sex, age, and exposure to climbing stress.
