ABSTRACT
Catamnestic investigations were performed in 291 children with malformations of the urinary tract. In renal and vesical malformations both sexes were equally affected, whereas girls were more affected (1.5 :1) than boys with malformations of the renal pelvis and the ureter. Malformations of the urethra included only boys. Parental age was not different from the average parental age at time of delivery in any group. Genetic influences could be assumed in 8.8%. The incidence of malformations of both the urinary and other organ systems in relatives was 8-times higher than in the average population (P less than 0.005). Malformations of the urinary system and unspecified renal diseases were observed in relatives of 22.5% of our children. Nothing conspicuous could be found in the menstrual cycle, abortion rate, haemorrhage during pregnancy and smoking behaviour during pregnancy in the women of the study; 35.1% of them took drugs and 8.2 underwent X-ray investigations during pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Phenotype , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Urinary Tract/abnormalities , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Genetic Carrier Screening , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Kidney/abnormalities , Male , Pedigree , Pregnancy , Ureter/abnormalities , Urethra/abnormalities , Urinary Bladder/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
The use of an extractable aortic electromagnetic flow probe to provide a continuous on-line display of ascending aortic flow and cardiac output following open heart surgery is described. Utilizing this equipment, the hemodynamic actions of dobutamine and isoprenaline are compared in 14 patients immediately following cardiac surgery. The study confirmed an inotropic action produced by dobutamine at a heart rate 10 to 15 per cent lower than isoprenaline, with less peripheral vascular action. Arterial and coronary sinus blood analyses revealed little difference in the myocardial metabolic actions of either drug. Because inotropic drugs produce only relatively small increases in stroke volume in this group of patients, the rise in cardiac output caused by these agents is more dependent on the effects upon heart rate rather than improved myocardial contractile state and consequently dobutamine has little advantage over isoprenaline in this situation.