Evaluation Using Polar Coordinate of the Representation of Movement in the Drawings of Children Aged 5 to 8 Years.

The progressive complexity of mental representation is the basis for changes in human cognitive development. Evaluation of its external manifestations as graphic representation in drawings could be an instrument to understand changes in cognitive development and representational complexity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appearance and role of the indicators used by children to represent moving figures in their drawings. This allows us to know the continuum from its non-manifestation to full expression through the vectorial interrelationships of the graphic indicators in each of the ages studied. Participants were n = 240 children from 5 to 8 years old; their drawings of two moving figures were analyzed, applying the polar coordinate technique. Results show a map of interrelations among the graphical movement indicators and changes in the drawing elements in an increasing continuum of complexity and the roles conferred to figures sketched. The conclusion is that changes evaluated in drawings can interactively reflect mental representation, and they could promote its transformation. The applied transfer of the results to education is discussed, in order to optimize the representational complexity and cognitive development.

Concordancia consensuada en metodología observacional: efectos del tamaño del grupo en el tiempo y la calidad del registro / Concordância consensual na metodologia observacional: efeitos do tamanhodo grupo, tempo e qualidade do registro / The consensus agreement method in observational methodology: impact of sample size on time requirements and dataset quality

En metodología observacional, para abordar la fiabilidad de los datos ya registrados, suele recurrirse a coeficientes de concordancia, coeficientes de correlación o a la teoría de la generalizabilidad; además, cada vez está tomando mayor protagonismo la concordancia consensuada. Esta forma de concordancia trata de lograr la coincidencia entre los observadores antes del registro. A pesar de su creciente presencia en estudios observacionales, son pocos los trabajos quehan profundizado en el desarrollo y optimización de esta forma cualitativa de concordancia. El presente trabajo, además de constituirse en un ejemplo de la utilización de la concordancia por consenso, ha comparado el resultado obtenido (tiempo empleado y ajuste con el registro ideal) por grupos de consenso formados por diferente número de integrantes (dos, tres y cuatro observadores). No se han encontrado diferencias significativas al comparar los grupos de concordancia por consenso de dos, tres y cuatro integrantes, ni en relación al tiempo empleado en el registro, ni en lo relativo al porcentaje de acuerdo con el registro ideal. La determinación del tamaño muestral necesario para obtener diferencias significativas entre los grupos ha permitido elevar conclusiones en términos de eficiencia. (AU)

The reliability of datasets in observational methodology is typically tested using coefficients of agreement, correlation coefficients, or generalizability theory. Another increasingly popular method used to demonstrate the quality of data is the consensus agreement method, in which two or more observers agree on their coding decisions while creating the dataset. Although the consensus agreement method is being increasingly used in observational studies, few studies have conducted an in-depth analysis of how this qualitative procedure is approached or of how it can be optimized. In this study, in addition to presenting a practical example of the application of the consensus agreement method, we compare the results from three groups (of two, three, and four observers) to analyze performance in terms of time required to code the data and goodness of fit with respect to an optimal dataset. No significant differences were found between the three groups for either of the variables analyzed. Prior calculation of the sample size required to detect significant differences between the groups adds strength to our conclusions regarding the efficiency of the consensus agreement method. (AU)

Na metodologia observacional, para lidar com a confiabilidade de dois dados já registrados, costumamos passarpelos coeficientes de concordância, coeficientes de correlação ou pela teoria da generalização. Além disso, a concordância consensual vem ganhando cada vez mais destaque. Esta forma de concordância tenta chegar a um acordo entre os observadores antes do registro. Apesar de sua crescente presença em estudos observacionais, poucos estudos se aprofundam no desenvolvimento e otimização de uma forma qualitativa de concordância. Ou apresentar trabalho, além de ser um exemplo do uso de concordância de consenso, comparação ou resultado obtido (tempo despendido e ajuste como registro ideal) por grupos de consenso formados por diferentes números de membros (dois, três e quatro observadores). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na comparação de dois gruposde concordância por consenso de dois, três e quatro membros, não em relação ao tempo gasto não registrado, mas em relação ao percentual de concordância conforme lista ideal. A determinação do tamanho dá a amostra necessária para obter diferenças significativas entre os grupos permitindo-nos tirar conclusões em termos de eficiência. (AU)

T-patterns integration strategy in a longitudinal study: a multiple case analysis.

This work analyzes stability and change of T-patterns related with on-task persistence and social interaction of preschool-age children. Stability and change are considered as natural setting indicators of time allocation processes and social dynamics with teachers and peers, within the fields of educational neuroscience and developmental science. In contrast with descriptive observations, developmental scales or ratings, T-pattern analysis clarifies and allows predictions on otherwise hidden behavioral patterns and their stability and change processes in natural settings. Here, T-pattern analyses were applied on observational behavior profiles of three preschool children, their teacher and their interacting peers in classroom and playground natural settings, to identify the structure and dynamics of daily activities in a multiple case study strategy about persistence and social interaction processes, considering teachers' and peers influence on children's behavior. Behavioral data were obtained with the Observational System of Social Interaction in a nomothetic, following and multidimensional observational design. Main results include the identification and description of patterns, their stability and change over time, and their subsumed structure regarding setting, child, and diachronic information. Two main behavioral patterns identified were: (1) teacher's attempts at redirecting child behavior to on-task were followed by on-task and off-task alternation loops, and (2) peers or teacher not responding to child social emissions, predict the kid going off-task. This constitutes a methodological contribution to Educational Neuroscience's efforts to describe real-world group contexts and predict the use of time in preschool contexts by children, their subsumed behavioral patterns and the influence of peers and teachers.

A prática de futebol recreativo no Brasil por adultos diabéticos e hipertensos / Recreational soccer practice in Brazil for diabetic and hypertense adults

O estudo analisou a prática de futebol recreativo de brasileiros diabéticos e hipertensos adultos (18 anos de idade ou mais) e verificou a contribuição dessa modalidade para a obtenção da meta de atividade física recomendada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Dados transversais sobre a prática de atividade física foram obtidos do Ministério da Saúde de 2014, em que, cerca de 41.000 adultos foram entrevistados por inquérito telefônico. Aproximadamente 2,4% dos diabéticos e 3,1% dos hipertensos relataram o futebol como a principal atividade física recreativa, com predominância de homens de meia-idade (35-44 anos), casados e com nove a 12 anos de escolaridade. A maior parte deles (80%) praticavam futebol uma a duas vezes na semana com duração diária de 60 minutos ou mais. Entre os futebolistas recreativos, 80% dos hipertensos e 20% dos diabéticos realizavam atividade física suficiente. Os diabéticos necessitam ser informados sobre a importância da regularidade das atividades para maximizar os efeitos da atividade física no controle glicêmico (AU)

The study analyzed the recreational soccer practice of diabetics and hypertensive adults (18 years of age or older) and verified the contribution of this modality to the analyzes of the physical activity goal recommended by the World Health Organization. Cross-sectional data on the practice of physical activity were examined by the Ministry of Health in 2014, which approximately 41,000 adults were interviewed by phone. Approximately 2.4% of diabetics and 3.1% practice hypertension related to football as the main recreational physical activity, with a predominance of middle-aged men (35-44 years), married and with 9 to 12 years of schooling. Most of them (80%) play football once twice a week, with a daily duration of 60 minutes or more. Among recreational footballers, 80% of hypertensive and 20% of diabetics perform sufficient physical activity. Diabetics select information about the importance of regular activity to maximize the effects of physical activity without glycemic control (AU)

Time trends of physical activity in Curitiba, Brazil: 2006-2015. / Tendência temporal da participação em atividade física no lazer na cidade de Curitiba, Brasil (2006-2015).

OBJECTIVE: The identification of the time trend of physical activity can help in the evaluation of the effectiveness of programs aimed at the promotion of physical activity at the population scope. To analyze the temporal trend of leisure time physical activity in adults living in the city of Curitiba (Brazil), from 2006-2015. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 19,183 adults, obtaining information on duration, intensity and weekly frequency of leisure-time physical activity from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Inquiry. Adults who reported participating in leisure time physical activity at least once a week in the three months prior to the survey were considered active. RESULTS: Men's leisure-time physical activity was stable overtime (p = 0.28), while it increased significantly among women (1.86% per year, 95%CI 0.55; 3.37; p = 0.02). Men reported less activities with weekly frequency of one to two times (-3.75% per year, 95%CI -6.72; -0.67; p = 0.03) but more with weekly frequencies of five to six times (7.42% per year, 95%CI 4.54; 10.38; p = 0.001). No changes were observed in the frequency of physical activity among women. CONCLUSION: Monitoring indicators of physical activity in the city of Curitiba can assist legislators in building policies to promote physical activity.

INTRODUÇÃO: A tendência temporal da participação em atividade física pode auxiliar na avaliação da efetividade de programas voltados à sua promoção no âmbito populacional. O estudo analisou a tendência temporal da participação em atividade física no lazer de adultos residentes na cidade de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2015. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados secundários de 19.183 participantes, obtidos junto ao Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (2006 a 2015). Foram considerados ativos no lazer os adultos que referiram participar de atividades físicas no tempo livre pelo menos uma vez por semana nos três meses anteriores à realização do inquérito. RESULTADOS: A tendência temporal da prática de atividade de lazer foi estacionária em homens e crescente em mulheres (1,86% ao ano; IC95% 0,55 - 3,37). Os homens reduziram a participação em atividades realizadas 1 a 2 vezes por semana (-3,75% ao ano; IC95% -6,72 - -0,67) e aumentaram a participação em atividades realizadas de 5 a 6 vezes por semana (7,42% ao ano; IC95% 4,54 - 10,38). CONCLUSÃO: A continuidade da monitoração dos indicadores de atividade física na cidade de Curitiba pode auxiliar gestores a direcionarem políticas de promoção da atividade física.

Desarrollo del proyecto del consell comarcal del baix llobregat "buen trato a las personas mayores y aquellas en situacion de fragilidad con sufrimiento emocional: hacia un envejecimiento saludable" / No disponible

El proyecto de "Buen trato a las personas mayores y personas en situación de fragilidad con padecimiento emocional: hacia un envejecimiento saludable" se enmarca en la comarca del Baix Llobregat, siendo un encargo de su Consell Comarcal, en colaboración con el Departament de Treball, Afers Socials i Famílies de la Generalitat de Catalunya y la Diputació de Barcelona. El Proyecto se ha desarrollado en tres fases. La primera fase ha tenido como objetivo llevar a término el diagnóstico de la situación actual de las persones mayores y de aquellas que se encuentran en situación de fragilidad. Para ello se han recogido y analizado las opiniones de profesionales y técnicos expertos, familiares y persones en situación de fragilidad. Para la segunda fase se ha elaborado un documento marco que tiene como objetivo ser la referencia para la comarca del Baix Llobregat y que contemple los aspectos de buen trato a las persones mayores y aquella en situación de fragilidad. En la tercera fase se procederá a la implementación del Proyecto. Para ello se están llevando a cabo acciones de sensibilización y formación específicas dirigidas a diversos colectivos de profesionales. Finalmente, se contempla una cuarta fase que será de evaluación y mejora

The project of "Good treatment to the elderly and people in a situation of fragility with emotional suffering: towards a healthy aging" is part of the Baix Llobregat region, being commissioned by its Regional Council, in collaboration with the Departament de Treball, Afers Socials i Famílies of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the Diputació de Barcelona. The Project has been developed in three phases. The first phase has been aimed at completing the diagnosis of the current situation of the elderly and those who are in a situation of fragility. To this end, the opinions of experts and technical experts, family members and people in a situation of fragility have been collected and analyzed. For the second phase, a framework document has been prepared that aims to be the reference for the Baix Llobregat region and that includes the aspects of good treatment for elderly people and those in a situation of fragility. In the third phase, the Project will be implemented. To this end, specific awareness and training actions are being carried out aimed at various groups of professionals. Finally, a fourth phase is contemplated that will be of evaluation and improvement

The pillars of resilience observed in psychomotor practice / Os pilares da resiliência observados na prática psicomotora

In this paper, we describe a study in which systematic observation was used to investigate the promotion of resilience in psychomotor practice. The work is part of a larger study titled "The promotion of resilience in the established bond between adolescents and educators" (http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96515) of theoretical and practical aspects of resilience analyzed within the context of the relationship formed between a small group of adolescents and their psychomotor therapist. We describe an innovative methodological approach that involved the construction of an ad hoc observation instrument to analyze the promotion of pillars of resilience within a series of psychomotor practice sessions.

Neste artigo, descrevemos um estudo em que a observação sistemática foi utilizada para investigar a promoção da resiliência na prática psicomotora. O trabalho faz parte de um estudo maior intitulado "A promoção da resiliência no vínculo estabelecido entre adolescentes e educadores" (http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96515) tese apoiada em aspectos teóricos e práticos da resiliência analisados no contexto de uma relação formada entre um pequeno grupo de adolescentes e seu psicoterapeuta. Descrevemos uma abordagem metodológica inovadora que envolveu a construção de um instrumento de observação ad hoc para analisar a promoção dos pilares de resiliência dentro de uma série de sessões da prática psicomotora.

Non redundant functional brain connectivity in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is considered a disorder of abnormal brain connectivity. Although whole brain maps of averaged bivariate voxel correlations have been successfully applied to study connectivity abnormalities in schizophrenia these maps do not adequately explore the multivariate nature of brain connectivity. Here we adapt a novel method for high-dimensional regression (supervised principal component regression) to estimate brain maps of multivariate non redundant connectivity (NRC) from resting functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data of 116 patients with schizophrenia and 122 matched controls. Disorder related differences in NRC involved caudate hyper-connectivity and hypo-connectivity of several cortical areas such as the dorsal cingulate, the cuneus and the right postcentral cortex. These abnormalities were coupled with abnormalities in the amplitude of signal fluctuations and, to a minor extent, with differences in the dimensionality of connectivity patterns as quantified by the number of supervised principal components. Second level seed correlation analyses linked the observed abnormalities to an additional set of brain regions relevant to schizophrenia such as the thalamus and the temporal cortex. The non redundant connectivity maps proposed here are a new tool that will complement the information provided by other already available voxel based whole brain connectivity measures.

A Gesture Recognition System for Detecting Behavioral Patterns of ADHD.

We present an application of gesture recognition using an extension of dynamic time warping (DTW) to recognize behavioral patterns of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We propose an extension of DTW using one-class classifiers in order to be able to encode the variability of a gesture category, and thus, perform an alignment between a gesture sample and a gesture class. We model the set of gesture samples of a certain gesture category using either Gaussian mixture models or an approximation of convex hulls. Thus, we add a theoretical contribution to classical warping path in DTW by including local modeling of intraclass gesture variability. This methodology is applied in a clinical context, detecting a group of ADHD behavioral patterns defined by experts in psychology/psychiatry, to provide support to clinicians in the diagnose procedure. The proposed methodology is tested on a novel multimodal dataset (RGB plus depth) of ADHD children recordings with behavioral patterns. We obtain satisfying results when compared to standard state-of-the-art approaches in the DTW context.

Converging Medial Frontal Resting State and Diffusion-Based Abnormalities in Borderline Personality Disorder.

BACKGROUND: The psychological profile of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), with impulsivity and emotional dysregulation as core symptoms, has guided the search for abnormalities in specific brain areas such as the hippocampal-amygdala complex and the frontomedial cortex. However, whole-brain imaging studies so far have delivered highly heterogeneous results involving different brain locations. METHODS: Functional resting-state and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in patients with BPD and in an equal number of matched control subjects (n = 60 for resting and n = 43 for diffusion). While mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy brain images were generated from diffusion data, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and global brain connectivity images were used for the first time to evaluate BPD-related brain abnormalities from resting functional acquisitions. RESULTS: Whole-brain analyses using a p = .05 corrected threshold showed a convergence of alterations in BPD patients in genual and perigenual structures, with frontal white matter fractional anisotropy abnormalities partially encircling areas of increased mean diffusivity and global brain connectivity. Additionally, a cluster of enlarged amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (high resting activity) was found involving part of the left hippocampus and amygdala. In turn, this cluster showed increased resting functional connectivity with the anterior cingulate. CONCLUSIONS: With a multimodal approach and without using a priori selected regions, we prove that structural and functional abnormality in BPD involves both temporolimbic and frontomedial structures as well as their connectivity. These structures have been previously related to behavioral and clinical symptoms in patients with BPD.

Prevalence of fatigue reported by physiotherapists operating diathermy equipment for microwave.

OBJECTIVE: To Analyze the association between prevalence of fatigue referred by physical therapists and their occupational exposure to radiation emitted by therapeutic microwave diathermy equipment. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study conducted in 193 physical therapists from four cities of the west of Paraná State, Brazil. A specified structured web questionnaire was applied for collecting data about microwave diathermy exposition and potential confounders, plus the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and Student's t-test. RESULTS: The prevalence of fatigue in the category exposed to microwave diathermy was higher (15.0%) than in non-exposed (2.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, a significant independent association between exposure to microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue was observed (odds ratio 4.93; 95% confidence interval 1.04 - 23.25; p = 0.04). The Student's t-test showed significant difference between the number of hours exposed to diathermy microwave, being 3,839.1 within physical therapists who referred fatigue and 497.6 within others (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate a significant and independent association between occupational exposure of physical therapists to radiation of microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue. Therefore, occupational safety guidelines aimed at these professionals as a prevention of possible adverse effects, as well as the replication of this study are suggested.

Prevalence of fatigue reported by physiotherapists operating diathermy equipment for microwave / Prevalência de fadiga referida por fisioterapeutas que operam equipamentos de diatermia por micro-ondas

Objective: To Analyze the association between prevalence of fatigue referred by physical therapists and their occupational exposure to radiation emitted by therapeutic microwave diathermy equipment. Methods: A Cross-sectional study conducted in 193 physical therapists from four cities of the west of Paraná State, Brazil. A specified structured web questionnaire was applied for collecting data about microwave diathermy exposition and potential confounders, plus the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and Student's t-test. Results: The prevalence of fatigue in the category exposed to microwave diathermy was higher (15.0%) than in non-exposed (2.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, a significant independent association between exposure to microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue was observed (odds ratio 4.93; 95% confidence interval 1.04 - 23.25; p = 0.04). The Student's t-test showed significant difference between the number of hours exposed to diathermy microwave, being 3,839.1 within physical therapists who referred fatigue and 497.6 within others (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The results demonstrate a significant and independent association between occupational exposure of physical therapists to radiation of microwave diathermy and prevalence of fatigue. Therefore, occupational safety guidelines aimed at these professionals as a prevention of possible adverse effects, as well as the replication of this study are suggested. .

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a prevalência de fadiga referida por fisioterapeutas e a exposição desses profissionais à radiação emitida por equipamentos terapêuticos de diatermia por micro-ondas. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo de corte transversal com 193 fisioterapeutas de quatro municípios da região Oeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foi aplicado, via eletrônica, questionário estruturado especialmente para a coleta de dados sobre a exposição ocupacional à radiação emitida por equipamentos de diatermia por micro-ondas e potenciais fatores de confusão, acrescido do questionário de Avaliação Multidimensional de Fadiga. A análise estatística incluiu regressão logística e teste t de Student. Resultados: A prevalência de fadiga na categoria expostos a micro-ondas foi maior (15,0%) do que em não expostos (2,9%). Na regressão logística multivariada foi observada associação independente significante entre a exposição ocupacional de fisioterapeutas à radiação de diatermia por micro-ondas e a prevalência de fadiga (odds ratio 4,93; intervalo de confiança de 95% 1,04 - 23,25; p = 0,04). O teste t de Student mostrou diferença significante entre o número total de horas de exposição à radiação de diatermia por micro-ondas, sendo de 3.891,1 entre os fisioterapeutas que referiram fadiga e de 497,6 entre os que não referiram (p = 0,004). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram associação significante entre a exposição ocupacional de fisioterapeutas à radiação emitida por equipamentos de diatermia por micro-ondas e fadiga, portanto, são sugeridas orientações de segurança ocupacional, dirigidas a esses profissionais, como medida preventiva ...

The pillars of resilience observed in psychomotor practice / Os pilares da resiliência observados na prática psicomotora

Neste artigo, descrevemos um estudo em que a observação sistemática foi utilizada para investigar a promoção da resiliência na prática psicomotora. O trabalho faz parte de um estudo maior intitulado "A promoção da resiliência no vínculo estabelecido entre adolescentes e educadores" (http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96515) tese apoiada em aspectos teóricos e práticos da resiliência analisados no contexto de uma relação formada entre um pequeno grupo de adolescentes e seu psicoterapeuta. Descrevemos uma abordagem metodológica inovadora que envolveu a construção de um instrumento de observação ad hoc para analisar a promoção dos pilares de resiliência dentro de uma série de sessões da prática psicomotora.

In this paper, we describe a study in which systematic observation was used to investigate the promotion of resilience in psychomotor practice. The work is part of a larger study titled "The promotion of resilience in the established bond between adolescents and educators" (http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96515) of theoretical and practical aspects of resilience analyzed within the context of the relationship formed between a small group of adolescents and their psychomotor therapist. We describe an innovative methodological approach that involved the construction of an ad hoc observation instrument to analyze the promotion of pillars of resilience within a series of psychomotor practice sessions.

Effects of ball recovery on top-level soccer attacking patterns of play / Repercussoes da recuperacao da posse de bola nos padroes de ataque de futebol de elite

In soccer, ball recovery is the purpose of the defensive phase and it is also the first stage of the attack. Identifying how and where the ball is regained in elite competitions, taking in consideration the competition stage, is central to an understanding of the attacking patterns and of the diachronic order of events, and such knowledge can be used to develop specific drills in training. This study aims to characterize ball recovery patterns while taking into account the pitch zone(s) and the competition stage, and to investigate the influence of each type of ball recovery on the subsequent patterns of attacking play in matches played by the World Cup 2010 semi-finalists. Observational methodology and lag sequential analysis were applied, with the use of SoccerEye observational instrument, SoccerEye recording software and SDIS-GSEQ analytic software. Twenty-four matches were recorded from public TV broadcasts, yielding 1,619 attacks. Direct ball recovery was the most common form, with a tackle and defensive behaviour followed by a pass in the central mid-defensive zone resulting in goal attempts. Interceptions occurred mainly in the central mid-offensive zone inducing unsuccessful attacking patterns of play, while interventions by goalkeepers were most likely to occur in the central defensive zone with no significant associations with any ending of attack behaviours. Patterns of attacking play depend on the form of ball recovery. The pitch space and the form of ball recovery are similar when we compare both stages of the World Cup 2010.

Recuperar a posse de bola é o objetivo da fase defensiva em Futebol, sendo simultaneamente o primeiro momento do ataque. A identificação do local e da forma como a bola é recuperada em competições de elite, tendo em consideração a fase da competição, revela-se fundamental para o entendimento dos padrões ofensivos e do diacronismo dos eventos, permitindo o desenvolvimento de processos de treino específicos. Pretende-se caracterizar os padrões de recuperação de posse de bola, tendo em consideração a(s) zona(s) do terreno de jogo e a fase da competição, e analisar os padrões ofensivos que resultaram de cada tipo de recuperação de bola nas equipes semifinalistas do Campeonato do Mundo 2010. Utilizou-se a Metodologia Observacional através do instrumento de observação SoccerEye, do software de registro SoccerEye e do software de análise SDIS-GSEQ. Através de transmissões públicas de televisão, registraram-se 24 jogos do Mundial 2010, tendo-se obtido 1.619 ataques. A recuperação direta da posse de bola foi a forma mais utilizada. O desarme e a ação defensiva seguida de passe na zona central média-defensiva originaram oportunidades de gols. As intercepções ocorreram na zona central média-ofensiva, resultando em ataques sem eficácia, enquanto as intervenções do goleiro ocorreram na zona central defensiva sem relações significativas com comportamentos indutores de final de ataque. A configuração dos padrões de ataque é influenciada pelo modo como a bola é recuperada. O local e a forma de recuperação da posse de bola são similares quando comparadas as duas fases do Mundial 2010.

La conducta de los instructores de Fitness: triangulación entre la percepción de los practicantes, auto-percepción de los instructores y conducta observada / Fitness instructor behaviour: triangulation of participant perceptions, instructor self-perception and observed behaviour

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo relacionar la conducta pedagógica observada, la auto-percepción de los instructores de Fitness así como la percepción de los practicantes sobre dicha conducta con el fin de verificar si estos siguen una misma dirección. Se ha aplicado la metodología observacional sistematizada para analizar sesiones de grupo de Fitness de 62 instructores mediante el sistema de observación SOCIF. Los instructores y 442 practicantes de dichas sesiones respondieron un cuestionario sobre los comportamientos pedagógicos de los instructores, con relación a la autopercepción y la percepción respectivamente. Los resultados de las asociaciones realizadas han corroborado las constataciones de diversos autores (Chelladurai y Riemer, 1998; De Marco Jr. y Mancini, 1997; Gutiérrez, Pérez y López, 2011; Hanke, 1993; Smith, Smoll y Curtis, 1978, 1979; Tjeerdsma, 1997; Wandzilak, Ansorge y Potter, 1988), pues sólo en parte de los comportamientos pedagógicos la percepción de los practicantes, la auto-percepción de los instructores y la conducta observada tienen una asociación significativa positiva, siguiendo una misma dirección. Se verificó un mayor número de asociaciones significativas positivas entre la conducta observada y la auto-percepción de los instructores que entre la conducta observada y la percepción de los practicantes, siendo el número de asociaciones significativas positivas entre la auto-percepción de los instructores y la percepción de los practicantes aún más inferior (AU)

The aim of this study is to relate observed pedagogical behaviour, the self-perception of fitness instructors and participant perceptions of the said behaviour in order to verify whether they coincide or not. For this purpose, 62 instructors of resistance training group fitness classes were observed, and their behaviours were coded using the SOCIF observation system. The instructors and the 442 participants of the classes answered a questionnaire regarding their self-perception or perception of the instructors’ pedagogical behaviour. A comparison of the results corroborates the findings of other authors (Chelladurai and Riemer, 1998; De Marco Jr. and Mancini, 1997; Gutiérrez et al., 2011; Hanke, 1993; Smith et al., 1978, 1979; Tjeerdsma, 1997; Wandzilak et al., 1988), since significant positive links and a coincidence in the results could only be found for part of the pedagogical behaviours, participant perceptions, instructors’ self-perceptions and observed behaviour. A larger number of significant positive associations could be made between observed behaviour and the instructors’ self-perceptions than between observed behaviour and participant perceptions. A lower number of significant positive associations were identified between the instructors’ self-perceptions and participant perceptions (AU)

Exposição à radiação não-ionizante emitida por equipamentos terapêuticos de micro-ondas e morbidade referida em fisioterapeutas / Exposure to non-ionizing radiation emitted by microwave therapeutic equipment and morbidity in physiotherapists

Introdução: O fisioterapeuta utiliza-se de vários equipamentos eletro-eletrônicos que emitem radiação eletromagnética para fins terapêuticos. Entre esses, o equipamento de diatermia por micro-ondas de alta frequência, sendo essa de 2,45 GHz. Nesse procedimento terapêutico, é possível ter perdas variáveis da energia irradiada por reflexão e por dispersão, desde o aplicador até a área a ser tratada. Assim, o profissional que opera o equipamento de diatermia por micro-ondas, é exposto a essa radiação diariamente durante anos. Adicionalmente a esse cenário ocupacional, observa-se que o fisioterapeuta, de modo geral, tem raras atitudes de proteção ocupacional durante essas aplicações, tornando o ambiente de trabalho, bem como a si mesmo, passivos de situações de riscos não controlados e, consequentemente, efeitos adversos podem ocorrer. Com a finalidade de contribuir na elucidação de indicadores que despertem o interesse das autoridades relacionadas com a vigilância e legislação em saúde no que se refere à segurança de profissionais envolvidos direta ou indiretamente com a terapia de diatermia por micro-ondas, realizou-se este estudo. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a prevalência de morbidades referidas por fisioterapeutas e a exposição destes profissionais à radiação emitida por equipamentos terapêuticos de diatermia por micro-ondas. Metodologia: Realizou-se estudo de corte transversal com 193 fisioterapeutas de quatro Municípios da Região Oeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Aplicou-se, via eletrônica, questionário estruturado especialmente para a coleta de dados sobre a exposição ocupacional à radiação de diatermia por micro-ondas, potenciais fatores de confusão e morbidades, acrescido do questionário de Avaliação Multidimensional de Fadiga (MAF) e do Questionário de Avaliação da Incapacidade por Enxaqueca (MIDAS). A análise estatística incluiu regressão logística e Teste t de Student. Resultados: Observou-se associações significantes entre a exposição...

Introduction: Various electroelectronic equipments that emit electromagnetic radiation for therapeutic purposes are employed by physiotherapists. Among these is the equipment for diathermy with microwave high frequency (2.45 GHz). During this procedure of treatment different levels of losses by reflection and scattering of the radiated energy from the applicator to the area to be treated are possible. Thus, the equipment operator is exposed to this radiation daily for years. In addition to this occupational setting, physiotherapists seldom do maintain occupational protection attitudes for these applications, doing the work environment, as themselves, passive in risk and not controlled situations. Therefore, adverse effects may occur. In order to contribute to elucidate indicators and arouse the authorities care over surveillance and health legislation regarding professional's security, directly or indirectly involved with the therapy by microwave diathermy, this study was conducted. Objective: To analyze the association between prevalence of morbidities referred by physiotherapists and their occupational exposure to radiation emitted by therapeutic microwave diathermy equipment. Methodology: A Cross-sectional study conducted in 193 physiotherapists from four cities of the west of Paraná State, Brazil. A specified structured web questionnaire was applied for collecting data about microwave diathermy exposition, potential confounders and morbidities, plus the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) and the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). Statistical analysis included logistic regression and Student's t-Test. Results: It was observed significant associations between exposure of physiotherapists to microwave and the use of visual correction lens (p = 0.02; OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.15 - 10.96), fatigue (p = 0.04; OR: 4.93; 95% CI: 1.04 - 23.25) and neoplasms (p = 0.008; OR: 32.05; 95% CI: 2.46 - 416.96)...

Conditional mutual information maps as descriptors of net connectivity levels in the brain.

There is a growing interest in finding ways to summarize the local connectivity properties of the brain through single brain maps. Here we propose a method based on the conditional mutual information (CMI) in the frequency domain. CMI maps quantify the amount of non-redundant covariability between each site and all others in the rest of the brain, partialling out the joint variability due to gross physiological noise. Average maps from a sample of 45 healthy individuals scanned in the resting state show a clear and symmetric pattern of connectivity maxima in several regions of cortex, including prefrontal, orbitofrontal, lateral-parietal, and midline default mode network components; and in subcortical nuclei, including the amygdala, thalamus, and basal ganglia. Such cortical and subcortical hotspots of functional connectivity were more clearly evident at lower frequencies (0.02-0.1 Hz) than at higher frequencies (0.1-0.2 Hz) of endogenous oscillation. CMI mapping can also be easily applied to perform group analyses. This is exemplified by exploring effects of normal aging on CMI in a sample of healthy controls and by investigating correlations between CMI and positive psychotic symptom scores in a sample of 40 schizophrenic patients. Both the normative aging and schizophrenia studies reveal functional connectivity trends that converge with reported findings from other studies, thus giving further support to the validity of the proposed method.

Ventaja de jugar en casa en voleibol de alto rendimiento / Home advantage in high-level volleyball

En este estudio se ha pretendido estudiar la ventaja en casa en el Voleibol de alto rendimiento, apoyándonosen las estadísticas de los partidos que más pueden explicar ese fenómeno. Se han analizado 65.949 acciones de juegoseleccionadas de la Liga Mundial 2005. El instrumento de observación que se ha elaborado es una combinación de formatode campo con sistemas de categorías. Los datos se han obtenido mediante el “Volleyball Information System” y se hananalizado mediante la prueba t de Student, y la prueba ji-cuadrado. Los resultados demuestran que hay ventaja en casa enVoleibol (57,5% de victorias jugando en casa). Las estadísticas del ataque (t= 2.49, p = 0.01), del servicio (t= -2.18, p=0.03), de la recepción (t= 16.74, p<0.001) y de la distribución (t= 2.03, p= 0.04) muestran rendimientos superiores paralos equipos que juegan en casa. No se han encontrado diferencias en el rendimiento del bloqueo (t= -0.25, p= 0.80) y ladefensa (t= 0.11, p= 0.92) entre los juegos disputados en casa y los disputados fuera (AU)

This study investigates the effect of game location (home versus away) in high-level volleyball teamperformance as measured by game-related statistics. Archival data from 65,949 technical-tactical game actions during theMen's Senior World League (2005) were analysed. The observation tool devised was a combination of field format withcategory systems. The data were obtained through the official FIVB software known as the Volleyball Information Systemand analysed through Student's independent t-test and chi-squared test. The results suggest the presence of a homeadvantage in volleyball, since home teams won 57.5% of the games. The statistics on attack (t= 2.49, p = 0.01), serves (t=-2.18, p= 0.03), reception (t= 16.74, p <0.001) and set performance (t= 2.03, p= 0.04) were higher for home teams. Nodifferences between home and away teams were found in blocking (t =- 0.25, p = 0.80) and defence (t= 0.11, p= 0.92) (AU)

Desarrollo y optimización de una herramienta observacional en el tenis de individuales / Development and optimization of an observational tool for singles tennis

Este trabajo describe el proceso de desarrollo y optimización de un sistema de categorización «ad hoc» en el tenis de individuales que permite una descripción de los contextos interaccionales puestos en práctica durante el proceso de la acción de juego. Los diferentes niveles de interacción generan un amplio abanico de configuraciones posibles de los elementos que pueden incidir en los aspectos relevantes del juego, dificultando un proceso de selección y conceptualización en la combinación de los criterios y niveles adoptados en el sistema de categorías. El proceso de optimización del sistema de categorías incluye el control de calidad de los datos, destacando a este respecto la aplicación de la concordancia consensuada y la teoría de la generalizabilidad

This paper is the result of the development and optimization of the categories system ad hoc for singles tennis that allows a description of the interaction contexts put in play. The complexity associated to a game like tennis, with different levels of interaction between its elements, make the process of selection of the pertinent traits much more difficult in order to build up a taxonomical system. The second step, the optimization of the provisional categorical system, includes a strict control of the quality of data, by the implementation of the previous agreement between observers, firstly, and the generalizability theory, secondly

Hacia un alfabeto compartido en la codificación del movimiento corporal en estudios observacionales / Notation systems of the corporal movement

La notación del movimiento corporal es un tema central en los estudios observacionales. En este trabajo se plantea un punto de partida metodológico y práctico, para investigar la adopción y creación de sistemas de notación del movimiento corporal en sus diferentes ámbitos de investigación (AU)

The notation of the corporal movement is a central subject in the observational studies. In this work, we consider a departure point, both methodological and practical, to investigate the adoption and creation of notation systems of the corporal movement in its different scopes of research (AU)