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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 36(5): 1139-1149, sept.-oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-184638

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la leche materna es el primer alimento fundamental de los neonatos y proporciona todas las fuentes de energía, nutrientes y protección inmunológica que necesitan durante sus primeros meses de vida. Lamentablemente, existen circunstancias específicas que implican que la madre no pueda alimentar correctamente a su bebé, ya que las necesidades nutricionales de la madre difieren en cierta medida durante los diversos periodos de la vida, especialmente en la lactancia, ya que se aumentan las necesidades nutricionales debido a la pérdida de nutrientes, primero por el calostro y luego a través de la leche materna. Objetivo: demostrar la influencia de la dieta de mujeres mexicanas sobre la calidad nutricional y la presencia de microorganismos benéficos en la leche humana. Métodos: se llevaron a cabo 70 encuestas descriptivas de nutrición y toma de muestras de leche a mujeres en estado lactante. Las leches fueron sometidas a diversos análisis bromatológicos y microbiológicos para evaluar su calidad nutricional y posible actividad probiótica. Resultados: se demostró que la ingesta de alimentos de la madre influye en la calidad nutricional de la leche. Asimismo, afecta el desarrollo y crecimiento de las bacterias lácticas. Se aislaron e identificaron diversas cepas en leche humana del género Lactobacillus, además de bacterias patógenas como el caso de Lodderomyces elongisporus, entre otros. Conclusiones: la alimentación de las madres se refleja directamente en la calidad nutricional de la leche. Se observó que la cantidad de nutrientes esenciales de la leche, como son los hidratos de carbono, lípidos y proteínas, varían conforme a la alimentación y el ritmo de vida de las madres, así como la disminución significativa de bacterias lácticas con potencial probiótico


Introduction: breast milk is the first fundamental food of newborns and it provides all the sources of energy, nutrients and the immunological protection they need during their first months of life. Unfortunately, there are specific circumstances that imply that the mother cannot feed her baby correctly, since the mother's nutritional needs differ to a certain extent during different periods of life. Especially in breastfeeding, since nutritional needs are increased, due to the loss of nutrients, first by colostrum and then by breast milk. Objective: to demonstrate the influence of the diet of Mexican women on the nutritional quality and the presence of beneficial microorganisms in human milk. Methods: seventy descriptive surveys of nutrition and sampling of milk to women in nursing state were carried out. The milks were subjected to various bromatological and microbiological analyzes to evaluate their nutritional quality and possible probiotic activity. Results: it was shown that the mother's food intake influences the nutritional quality of the milk. Likewise, it affects the development and growth of lactic acid bacteria. Several strains were isolated and identified in human milk of the genus Lactobacillus, as well as pathogenic bacteria such as Lodderomyces elongisporus among others. Conclusions: the mothers' nutrition is directly reflected in the nutritional quality of the milk. It was observed that the amount of essential nutrients of milk such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins vary according to the diet and life rhythm of the mothers, as well as the significant decrease of lactic bacteria with probiotic potential


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Diet , Milk, Human/microbiology , Nutrition Assessment , Food Quality , Nutrients , Quality of Health Care , Nutrition Surveys , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Food Analysis/methods , Carbohydrates , Proteins
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 36(5): 1139-1149, 2019 Oct 17.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31475839

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: breast milk is the first fundamental food of newborns and it provides all the sources of energy, nutrients and the immunological protection they need during their first months of life. Unfortunately, there are specific circumstances that imply that the mother cannot feed her baby correctly, since the mother's nutritional needs differ to a certain extent during different periods of life. Especially in breastfeeding, since nutritional needs are increased, due to the loss of nutrients, first by colostrum and then by breast milk. Objective: to demonstrate the influence of the diet of Mexican women on the nutritional quality and the presence of beneficial microorganisms in human milk. Methods: seventy descriptive surveys of nutrition and sampling of milk to women in nursing state were carried out. The milks were subjected to various bromatological and microbiological analyzes to evaluate their nutritional quality and possible probiotic activity. Results: it was shown that the mother's food intake influences the nutritional quality of the milk. Likewise, it affects the development and growth of lactic acid bacteria. Several strains were isolated and identified in human milk of the genus Lactobacillus, as well as pathogenic bacteria such as Lodderomyces elongisporus among others. Conclusions: the mothers' nutrition is directly reflected in the nutritional quality of the milk. It was observed that the amount of essential nutrients of milk such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins vary according to the diet and life rhythm of the mothers, as well as the significant decrease of lactic bacteria with probiotic potential.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la leche materna es el primer alimento fundamental de los neonatos y proporciona todas las fuentes de energía, nutrientes y protección inmunológica que necesitan durante sus primeros meses de vida. Lamentablemente, existen circunstancias específicas que implican que la madre no pueda alimentar correctamente a su bebé, ya que las necesidades nutricionales de la madre difieren en cierta medida durante los diversos periodos de la vida, especialmente en la lactancia, ya que se aumentan las necesidades nutricionales debido a la pérdida de nutrientes, primero por el calostro y luego a través de la leche materna. Objetivo: demostrar la influencia de la dieta de mujeres mexicanas sobre la calidad nutricional y la presencia de microorganismos benéficos en la leche humana. Métodos: se llevaron a cabo 70 encuestas descriptivas de nutrición y toma de muestras de leche a mujeres en estado lactante. Las leches fueron sometidas a diversos análisis bromatológicos y microbiológicos para evaluar su calidad nutricional y posible actividad probiótica. Resultados: se demostró que la ingesta de alimentos de la madre influye en la calidad nutricional de la leche. Asimismo, afecta el desarrollo y crecimiento de las bacterias lácticas. Se aislaron e identificaron diversas cepas en leche humana del género Lactobacillus, además de bacterias patógenas como el caso de Lodderomyces elongisporus, entre otros. Conclusiones: la alimentación de las madres se refleja directamente en la calidad nutricional de la leche. Se observó que la cantidad de nutrientes esenciales de la leche, como son los hidratos de carbono, lípidos y proteínas, varían conforme a la alimentación y el ritmo de vida de las madres, así como la disminución significativa de bacterias lácticas con potencial probiótico.


Subject(s)
Diet , Milk, Human/microbiology , Nutritive Value , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Mexico , Young Adult
3.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 87(3): 196-201, ene. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250019

ABSTRACT

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El embarazo ectópico abdominal es una alteración poco frecuente, pero con alta tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad materno-fetal-neonatal. Para establecer el diagnóstico se requiere un alto grado de sospecha y casi siempre se efectúa durante el procedimiento quirúrgico. Es el único tipo de embarazo ectópico que puede llegar a término. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 35 años, con antecedente obstétrico de dos cesáreas, que acudió al servicio médico por dolor abdominal de larga evolución, con varios meses de amenorrea, sin control prenatal. El dolor fue inicialmente adjudicado a una hernia umbilical, pero ante su persistencia se reexaminó a la paciente y se encontró una masa abdominal, por lo que se sospechó embrazo ectópico. El ultrasonido abdominal y la resonancia magnética confirmaron el embarazo de término, que finalizó mediante laparotomía. Se decidió dejar la placenta in situ, debido al riesgo de hemorragia por su remoción. Tanto el neonato como la madre fueron dados de alta en buenas condiciones después de dos semanas de estancia hospitalaria, con posterior seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque el embarazo ectópico abdominal es una alteración poco frecuente, es importante saber qué debe hacerse de acuerdo con las semanas de gestación, debido al incremento reciente en su incidencia y a la alta tasa de complicaciones, con la finalidad de preservar el bienestar materno-fetal y la fertilidad femenina.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Abdominal pregnancy is a rare clinical entity with a high risk for both the mother and the product. It's diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion, being usually made during the surgical management of the case. It is the only type of ectopic pregnancy that can reach term. CLINICAL CASE: A 35 year-old patient, with two previous cesarean deliveries, who presents with chronic abdominal pain, without prenatal consultations and with several months of amenorrhea. The pain is initially atributted to an umbilical hernia, but due to it's persistence she is re-examined, finding an abdominal mass and raising suspicion of a possible ectopic pregnancy. She's sent to a hospital in western Mexico, where she undergoes abdominal examination with ultrasound and magnetic resonance, which shows a full term abdominal pregnancy, for which a laparotomy is performed. The placenta is left in situ, due to the high risk of hemorrhage associated with it's removal. Both the newborn and the mother are released from the hospital in good conditions after two weeks of stay, with subsequent follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Despite it being a rare condition, it's important to be acquainted with the proper management according to the gestational age of the pregnancy due to the recent rise in it's incidence, as well as it's particularly high rate of complicactions, in order to preserve the wellbeing of both patients when possible, as well as maternal fertility.

4.
Pediatr Res ; 81(3): 473-479, 2017 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27842054

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding, retinal neovascular disease. Systemic prolactin accesses the retina to regulate blood vessels. Prolactin is proangiogenic and can be cleaved to antiangiogenic vasoinhibins. We investigated whether circulating prolactin and vasoinhibins associate with incidence and progression of ROP. METHODS: A prospective, longitudinal, case-control study covering postnatal weeks 1 to 9 measured serum prolactin, vasoinhibins, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) weekly in 90 premature infants diagnosed as ROP or control. RESULTS: Prolactin levels were higher in ROP than in control patients before (106.2 ± 11.3 (SEM) vs. 64.7 ± 4.9 ng/ml, postnatal week 1) and during (120.6 ± 10 vs. 84.7 ± 7.5ng/ml, postnatal week 5) ROP diagnosis. Prolactin, but not gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, sepsis, or ventilation time, correlated with ROP. The relative risk (RR) of developing ROP increased if Prolactin (PRL) levels were higher than thresholds of 80 ng/ml (RR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.06-2.28), 100 ng/ml (RR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14-2.34), or 120 ng/ml (RR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.41-2.68). Vasoinhibin levels were 39.7% higher (95% CI: 4.5-77.5) in the circulation of ROP than in control patients at postnatal week 1 and similar thereafter, whereas VEGF serum levels were always similar. CONCLUSION: High serum prolactin and vasoinhibin levels predict and may impact ROP progression.


Subject(s)
Cell Cycle Proteins/blood , Prolactin/blood , Retinopathy of Prematurity/blood , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Male , Prospective Studies , Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/pathology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood
5.
Matern Child Health J ; 19(6): 1417-25, 2015 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25452216

ABSTRACT

To describe the characteristics of infants with bilateral Stage 4b or 5 ROP (i.e. with subtotal or total retinal detachment) who presented to eye departments in two major cities in Mexico, to identify reasons why they may have become blind in order to recommend how programs could be improved. A large case-series of infants with Stage 4b or 5 ROP in both eyes confirmed by ultrasound who attended the ROP Clinic, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara from September 2010 to November 2012, and the Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez from December 2011 to December 2012 were identified from the diagnostic databases of each hospital. Mothers of infants in Guadalajara had a telephone interview. 89/94 eligible infants were included in the study, 48 in Guadalajara and 41 in Mexico City. Cases came from 22 of the 32 states in Mexico. Half of the infants attending Guadalajara 24/48 (50 %) had been cared for in NICUs without ROP screening programs and were not examined. Among the 24 infants cared for in NICUs with ROP programs, 7/24 (29.1 %) mothers reported that their infant had not been examined while in the NICU, and a further 9/24 (37.5 %) were either not referred for screening after discharge or they did not attend. Two infants had failed laser treatment. Strategies and resources to prevent end stage ROP have not been firmly established in Mexico. There is an urgent need to expand the coverage and quality of ROP programs, to ensure that existing screening guidelines are better adhered to, and to improve communication with parents.


Subject(s)
Delayed Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Male , Maternal Age , Mexico/epidemiology , Ophthalmology/statistics & numerical data , Retinopathy of Prematurity/etiology , Risk Factors , Tertiary Healthcare/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
6.
Perinatol. reprod. hum ; 28(3): 129-133, jul.-sep. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-744092

ABSTRACT

En los neonatos en estado crítico es necesario establecer un sistema de farmacovigilancia con el cual se les proteja de posibles reacciones adversas a los medicamentos; estas reacciones pueden ser por el efecto farmacológico, la interacción con otros medicamentos, errores de dosificación y la idiosincrasia del paciente, de acuerdo con la Norma Oficial Mexicana 220. Objetivo: Conocer el estado actual de la farmacovigilancia en unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatal del estado de Jalisco. Material y métodos: Mediante un cuestionario estructurado de 12 preguntas, se practicó una encuesta de opinión en referencia a los programas de farmacovigilancia en los recién nacidos en estado crítico en instituciones del área metropolitana de Guadalajara y el interior del estado de Jalisco. Se aplicó en ocho centros hospitalarios que cuentan con terapia intensiva neonatal y en un congreso estatal de pediatría en el año 2011. A todos los participantes se les pidió que de manera voluntaria, llenaran una documento ad hoc; los resultados se procesaron en el programa Epi info 2010. Discusión y conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que no se está cumpliendo la NOM 220. Existe un gran déficit de unidades con programas implementados de farmacovigilancia y proceso de notificación de reacciones adversas a medicamentos; la cobertura es menor al 50%. Al parecer, el problema es aún mayor en instituciones particulares. Es necesario cumplir con la NOM 220 para asegurar la calidad de atención en los recién nacidos críticos en el estado de Jalisco.


There is a need to establish medication surveillance/monitoring systemsfor newborn patients in critical condition in order to protect these patients from possible adverse reactions to prescribed drugs. In accordance with Mexican official standard NOM 220, these reactions may result from pharmacological effects, interaction with other drugs, dosage errors, and the patient's nature/idiosyncrasy. Objective: Our goal was to gain knowledge on the current situation regarding medication surveillance in neonatal intensive care units within the state of Jalisco. Material and methods: By means of a structured questionnaire involving 12 questions, an opinion poll was carried out with reference to medication surveillance programs for newborn patients in critical condition at institutions within Guadalajara's metropolitan area and the State of Jalisco. The survey was conducted in 8 hospital centers that provide neonatal intensive care and at a state congress on pediatrics that took place in 2011. All of the respondents were asked to voluntarily fill out a questionnaire Ad-hoc, and the results were processed using the Epi Info 2010 program. Discussion and conclusions: The results show that there is widespread noncompliance of NOM 220. There is a considerable deficit with respect to units implementing medication surveillance systems and methods to notify adverse reactions to medication, with implementation rates lower than 50%. It appears that the problem is even greater in private institutions. Compliance with NOM 220 is essential in order to guarantee the quality of the care provided to newborn patients in critical condition within the state of Jalisco.

7.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 70(5): 344-350, sep.-oct. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-702410

ABSTRACT

El aumento en la sobrevida de los recién nacidos prematuros, las características del cuidado neonatal y la escasez de programas para la prevención, detección y tratamiento de la retinopatía del prematuro provocan que esta enfermedad sea la principal causa de ceguera infantil prevenible en México. El advenimiento de agentes antiangiogénicos de uso oncológico, y su uso -no autorizado, aunque con buenos resultados- en el tratamiento de enfermedades vaso proliferativas en la retina del paciente adulto, así como la presencia de reportes anecdóticos en la literatura y series de casos con serias fallas metodológicas han sugerido su utilización en el tratamiento de la retinopatía del prematuro. Desafortunadamente, estos agentes, utilizados indiscriminadamente, presentan absorción sistémica y causan efectos secundarios en el organismo del paciente prematuro. Además, no existen estudios de seguimiento a largo plazo que garanticen la seguridad de su uso en esta población. El presente artículo describe la situación en nuestro país y advierte sobre los riesgos de estos medicamentos en la población de pacientes prematuros.


The increase in survival rates among preterm infants, characteristics of neonatal care for such infants and a lack of suitable programs for preventing, detecting and treating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are factors that have made this disease the main cause of preventable blindness among children in Mexico. The advent of antiangiogenic agents in cancer treatment and their off-label use with favorable results in the treatment of proliferative vessel disease of the retina among adult patients, as well as anecdotal reports in the literature and a series of cases showing serious methodological flaws, have prompted their use in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Unfortunately, these agents used indiscriminately in our country have a systemic absorption and secondary effects on the preterm patient's body. There are no long-term monitoring studies that guarantee their safe use in this segment of the population. This article describes the situation in our country and warns of the risks posed by the use of this type of drug on the preterm infant population.

9.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 110(4): e67-71, 2012 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22859335

ABSTRACT

VACTERL-H syndrome is a complex disorder of congenital malformations that implies vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidneys, limbs and hydrocephalus. Its etiology has been identified in a fraction of patients largely due to their sporadic nature and its high degree of clinical heterogeneity. This report presents a newborn with VACTERL-H syndrome, associated with unusual branchial arch, dermoepidermal and nervous system anomalies, which are compared with those described in the medical literature. Based on our experience, the presentation of this case not only expands the knowledge of the spectrum of anomalies that can occur in VACTERL-H syndrome, but also can be useful in identifying patients with this heterogeneous phenotype.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Abnormalities/diagnosis , Digestive System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Musculoskeletal Abnormalities/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Phenotype
10.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(4): e67-e71, ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657467

ABSTRACT

El síndrome VACTERL-H es un trastorno complejo de malformaciones congénitas que implica vértebras, ano, corazón, tráquea, esófago, riñones, extremidades (del inglés limbs) e hidrocefalia. Su etiología se ha identificado sólo en algunos pacientes debido, en gran medida, a su naturaleza esporádica, así como a su alto grado de heterogeneidad clínica. En este informe se presenta a un neonato con el síndrome VACTERL-H, al que se asocian anomalías inusuales del arco branquial, dermoepidérmicas y del sistema nervioso, que se comparan con las descritas en la bibliografía médica. Según nuestra experiencia, esta presentación no sólo amplía el conocimiento del espectro de anomalías que se puede presentar en el síndrome VACTERL-H, sino que también podría ser útil en la identificación de pacientes con este fenotipo heterogéneo.


VACTERL-H syndrome is a complex disorder of congenital malformations that implies vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidneys, limbs and hydrocephalus. Its etiology has been identified in a fraction of patients largely due to their sporadic nature and its high degree of clinical heterogeneity. This report presents a newborn with VACTERL-H syndrome, associated with unusual branchial arch, dermoepidermal and nervous system anomalies, which are compared with those described in the medical literature. Based on our experience, the presentation of this case not only expands the knowledge of the spectrum of anomalies that can occur in VACTERL-H syndrome, but also can be useful in identifying patients with this heterogeneous phenotype.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Abnormalities/diagnosis , Digestive System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Musculoskeletal Abnormalities/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Phenotype
11.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(4): e67-e71, ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-129368

ABSTRACT

El síndrome VACTERL-H es un trastorno complejo de malformaciones congénitas que implica vértebras, ano, corazón, tráquea, esófago, riñones, extremidades (del inglés limbs) e hidrocefalia. Su etiología se ha identificado sólo en algunos pacientes debido, en gran medida, a su naturaleza esporádica, así como a su alto grado de heterogeneidad clínica. En este informe se presenta a un neonato con el síndrome VACTERL-H, al que se asocian anomalías inusuales del arco branquial, dermoepidérmicas y del sistema nervioso, que se comparan con las descritas en la bibliografía médica. Según nuestra experiencia, esta presentación no sólo amplía el conocimiento del espectro de anomalías que se puede presentar en el síndrome VACTERL-H, sino que también podría ser útil en la identificación de pacientes con este fenotipo heterogéneo.(AU)


VACTERL-H syndrome is a complex disorder of congenital malformations that implies vertebrae, anus, heart, trachea, esophagus, kidneys, limbs and hydrocephalus. Its etiology has been identified in a fraction of patients largely due to their sporadic nature and its high degree of clinical heterogeneity. This report presents a newborn with VACTERL-H syndrome, associated with unusual branchial arch, dermoepidermal and nervous system anomalies, which are compared with those described in the medical literature. Based on our experience, the presentation of this case not only expands the knowledge of the spectrum of anomalies that can occur in VACTERL-H syndrome, but also can be useful in identifying patients with this heterogeneous phenotype.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Abnormalities/diagnosis , Digestive System Abnormalities/diagnosis , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Musculoskeletal Abnormalities/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Phenotype
12.
Arch Ophthalmol ; 130(6): 720-3, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22801831

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively validate the WINROP (weight, insulin-like growth factor I, neonatal, retinopathy of prematurity [ROP]) algorithm in identification of type 1 ROP in a Mexican population of preterm infants. METHODS: In infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hospital Civil de Guadalajara from 2005 to 2010, weight measurements had been recorded once weekly for 192 very preterm infants (gestational age [GA] <32 weeks) and for 160 moderately preterm infants (GA ≥32 weeks). Repeated eye examinations had been performed and maximal ROP stage had been recorded. Data are part of a case-control database for severe ROP risk factors. RESULTS: Type 1 ROP was found in 51.0% of very preterm and 35.6% of moderately preterm infants. The WINROP algorithm correctly identified type 1 ROP in 84.7% of very preterm infants but in only 5.3% of moderately preterm infants. For infants with GA less than 32 weeks, the specificity was 26.6%, and for those with GA 32 weeks or more, it was 88.3%. CONCLUSIONS: In this Mexican population of preterm infants, WINROP detected type 1 ROP early in 84.7% of very preterm infants and correctly identified 26.6% of infants who did not develop type 1 ROP. Uncertainties in dating of pregnancies and differences in postnatal conditions may be factors explaining the different outcomes of WINROP in this population.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Birth Weight/physiology , Infant, Premature , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism , Neonatal Screening/methods , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Developing Countries , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Mexico , Retinopathy of Prematurity/blood , Retinopathy of Prematurity/classification , Retrospective Studies
13.
Perinatol. reprod. hum ; 26(2): 83-89, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695079

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas (MC) son un problema importante de salud pública y la principal causa de muerte en niños. Representan el 20% de la mortalidad infantil en el primer año de vida. Objetivo: Evaluar la contribución de las MC como causa de hospitalización en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, basado en el uso de datos obtenidos de una población de neonatos. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo en 2,907 neonatos del año 2005-2009, evaluados y categorizados por MC a través de CIE-10, OMS, obtenido por medio del expediente clínico al ingreso a la UCINEX, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara ''Fray Antonio Alcalde''. Los resultados fueron evaluados en porcentaje y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: Doscientos noventa y cinco neonatos (10%) presentaron MC; 67% fueron masculinos y 33%, femeninos. Mielomeningocele fue la MC más frecuente (13%), mientras que el aparato gastrointestinal fue el más afectado con 27% de las MC. Las anormalidades cromosómicas generaron la estancia intrahospitalaria más elevada (20.5 ± 5.5 días), el sistema cardiovascular presentó 34% de defunción. La mortalidad resultó en 14.2%; 60% de las MC se intervinieron quirúrgicamente y el 64.5% radicaba en la zona metropolitana del Estado de Jalisco. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la contribución de las MC en la mortalidad neonatal es importante para la integración de medidas preventivas y planificación de estrategias eficaces de atención a la salud, especialmente en las causas, tratamiento y prevención de estos trastornos. Esta información resalta la importancia de estudiar más a fondo el reconocimiento precoz de la morbimortalidad en la población pediátrica.


Introduction: Congenital malformations (CM) are a major public health problem and the leading cause of death in children; representing 20% of infant mortality in the first year of life. Objective: To evaluate the contribution of CM as a cause of hospitalization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective, observational, transversal and descriptive study, in which we reviewed the medical records of 2,907 neonates, which entered the External Service of Neonatal Intensive Care (UCINEX) of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara ''Fray Antonio Alcalde'', in the period 2005-2009 with the diagnostic of congenital malformations (CM) according to the WHO ICD-10. Statistics: measures of central tendency and percentages were done. Results: Two hundred ninety five infants (10.14%) had CM, 67% male and 33% female. CM myelomeningocele was the most frequent (12.9%). The gastrointestinal tract was the most affected with 27.4% of CM, chromosomal abnormalities generated more days of hospitalization (20.5 ± 5.5 days), the cardiovascular system showed 34.2% of deaths. The overall mortality was 14.2%; 60% of CM was treated surgically and 64.5% of the mothers of these infants were living in the metropolitan area of Jalisco State. Conclusions: Knowledge of the contribution of CM to neonatal mortality is important for the integration of preventive measures and plan effective strategies for its prevention, identify their causes and establish treatment. This information highlights the importance of further study of early recognition of the morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population.

14.
Perinatol. reprod. hum ; 26(1): 30-34, ene.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695074

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En México existe incertidumbre acerca de los recursos humanos y tecnológicos disponibles para el diagnóstico de la neurodiscapacidad, es por eso que el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la disponibilidad de dichos recursos, así como identificar la existencia de programas para establecer el diagnóstico en el periodo neonatal, en los diferentes centros de trabajo del país. Material y métodos: Durante el XVI Congreso Nacional de Neonatología que celebró la Federación Nacional de Neonatología de México, en febrero de 2011 en Cancún, México, se realizó una encuesta entre los pediatras, neonatólogos, enfermeras y personal de salud del país. Resultados: El 65% respondió que en su lugar de trabajo cuentan con programas de tamizaje para retinopatía del prematuro, sordera, parálisis cerebral, epilepsia y retraso mental; también los encuestados mencionaron tener los siguientes especialistas en sus instituciones: neurólogos, oftalmólogos y personal para la detección de problemas de sordera. Conclusiones: El panorama es sombrío, ya que en todas las áreas de cobertura se reporta menos del 70% de estos recursos. Se hace notar que para la detección de la ceguera y la sordera se cuenta con más recursos disponibles. El resto de los problemas investigados presenta graves indicadores negativos, por lo tanto, es urgente legislar en el campo de acción de la neonatología, cuestionando la eficacia y seguridad de algunos de los tratamientos y su contribución al daño neurológico.


Introduction: In Mexico there is uncertainty about the human and technological resources available for the diagnosis of neurodisability, so the objective of the present study was: to determine the availability of those resources and to identify the existence of programs to establish the diagnosis in the neonatal period, in different workplaces in the country. Material and methods: During the Sixteenth National Congress of Neonatology, held by the National Federation of Neonatology of Mexico, in February 2011 in Cancún, Mexico. It was conducted a survey among pediatricians, neonatologists, nurses, and health personnel working in the country. Results: 65% answered that in their workplace have screening programs for: retinopathy of prematurity, deafness, cerebral palsy, mental retardation epilepsy, also the respondents mentioned that count with the following specialists at their institutions: neurologists, ophthalmologist and personal for the detection of deafness. Conclusions: The picture is bleak; in all areas reported coverage less than 70%. It is noted that for detection of blindness and deafness there are more resources available. The rest of the problems investigated have severe negative indicators. So it is urgent to legislate currently in the field of neonatology, questioning the efficacy and safety of some treatments and their contribution to neurological damage.

15.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol ; 18(6): 264-8, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22053835

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is the main cause of preventable blindness in premature babies. Currently, there is a shortage of trained ophthalmologists, which has resulted in an alarming increase in cases of vision loss and related complications. This study's aim was to determine the utility of examinations conducted by non-ophthalmologist physicians to assess posterior pole vessel abnormalities in eyes at risk for ROP. METHOD: Non-ophthalmologist physicians (pediatrician and neonatologist) were trained to use an indirect ophthalmoscope to view the posterior pole of babies at risk for ROP. Examinations were conducted on both eyes of premature infants born before 35 weeks gestational age (GA) starting at the third week after birth and weekly thereafter. The presence of Plus disease was identified by the non-ophthalmologist and results compared to the clinical examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist experienced in ROP detection and treatment. Chi-square was used for proportions and the Mann Whitney U test for medians. Fagan's nomogram was determined for diagnostic usability. The Kappa index was used to rate inter-observer agreement. RESULTS: Results of 228 examinations performed on 150 premature infants were analyzed to determine the correlation of the non-ophthalmologist findings and the eye examination. For any vascular change in posterior pole diagnostic, findings were 87% and 87% accuracy for pediatrician and neonatologist, 82% and 83% sensitivity, 90% and 90% specificity respectively. There was no significant difference found in the detection of Plus disease for the examinations performed by the ophthalmologist compared to those performed by the non-ophthalmologist (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After training in the use of an indirect ophthalmoscope, non-ophthalmologist physicians can reliably detect posterior pole retinal vessel changes for ROP diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Neonatal Screening/methods , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Chi-Square Distribution , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Mexico , Neonatology/methods , Ophthalmoscopy/methods , Pediatrics/methods , Statistics, Nonparametric
16.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 65(5): 376-380, sep.-oct. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-700946

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La pentalogía de Cantrell es un padecimiento congénito raro; reportados 90 casos en la literatura y descrito por Cantrell-Heller-Ravitch, se caracteriza por: hernia diafragmática anterior, onfalocele, pericardio diafragmático, anomalías congénitas intracardiacas y tercio inferior del esternón. Caso clínico. Recién nacida (RN) femenina de término, eutrófica, producto de la cuarta gestación, madre de 36 años, originaria de Guadalajara y residente de Pto. Vallarta. Antecedentes de: tabaquismo y alcoholismo, asmática tratada con salbutamol durante la gestación, infección de vías urinarias y cervicovaginitis tratada, preeclampsia 4 meses previos al parto, sin manejo, diagnosticada por ecosonograma obstétrico a las 35.2 semanas de gestación con presencia de onfalocele y ectopia cordis; interrumpiendo la gestación vía abdominal, obteniéndose RN con los defectos mencionados, además de cardiopatía intracardiaca (atresia pulmonar, transposición de vasos, comunicación interventricular e interauricular). Falleció a los 5 días de vida. Conclusión. Los casos de supervivencia reportados en la literatura son excepcionales (variantes no graves), siendo las cardiopatías determinantes del pronóstico.


Introduction. The pentalogy of Cantrell is a infrequent congenital syndrome. There are 90 cases reported in the literature, described by Cantrell-Heller-Ravitch and characterized by hernia of the anterior diaphragm, omphalocele, diaphragmatic pericardium, congenital heart defect and in the lower sternum. Case report. Female newborn delivered at term, product of the 4th pregnancy from a 36 year-old mother with history of smoking and alcoholism, asthma treated with salbutamol during pregnancy, urogenital tract infection treated, preeclampsia in the 4th month of gestation non-treated. Diagnosis by ultrasound at 35.2 weeks of pregnancy of omphalocele and ectopia cordis; abdominal delivery of the newborn with the defects described above, associated with intracardiac lesions: pulmonary atresia, vascular transposition, ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect. The infant died on the 5th day. Conclusion. The survival rate in cases reported in literature is rare and depends on the complexity of the cardiac defect.

18.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 52(8): 460-4, ago. 1995. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162064

ABSTRACT

Indroducción. La displasia del desarrollo de la cadera (DDC) es un padecimiento con incidencia variable en México, siendo el propósito de este trabajo determinarla e identificar los factores diagnósticos y de riesgo en nuestro medio para la DDC en la etapa de recién nacido. Material y métodos. Se revisaron 8,316 recién nacidos vivos no patológicos del Servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, seleccionándose los que tenían factores diangósticos y de riesgo para el sedarrollo normal de la cadera. Resultados. Se confirmaron 55 casos de DDC para una incidencia de 6.6 por 1000 recién nacidos vivos. Siendo los principales factores diagnósticos y de riesgo que deben hacer sospechar DDC: el sexo femenino (78 por ciento), limitación de la abducción (74 por ciento) y la maniobra de Ortolani-Barlow positiva (64 por ciento). El 27 por ciento de los recién nacidos con DDC tenían 3 factores diagnósticos y de riesgo y el 73 por ciento restante más de 4. Conclusión. En base a la incidencia de la DDC y estos factores, el pediatra, que es el primer contacto con recién nacidos, con 3 de éstos debe sospechar el diagnóstico y recurrir al ortopedista pediatra para su evaluación, tratamiento de ser necesrio y su seguimiento. Con 4 factores el diagnóstico se confirma. Esto ayudará a disminuir el número tan elevado en nuestro medio de pacientes que son diagnosticados en edad de la marcha, donde el tratamiento es más complicado y el pronóstico menos favorable


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Hip Joint/abnormalities , Hip Joint/physiopathology , Hip Joint , Causality , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/diagnosis , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/epidemiology , Hip Dislocation/diagnosis , Hip Dislocation/epidemiology , Hip Dislocation/physiopathology , Risk Factors
19.
Perinatol. reprod. hum ; 8(2): 91-100, abr.-jun. 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-143028

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles de malformaciones congénitas en 4 hospitales del área metropolitana de Guadalajara. Se estudiaron 75,788 recién nacidos durante el periodo de noviembre de 1988 a junio de 1993, recolectándose la información a través de la exploración física del recién nacido y por entrevista a la madre sobre la condición del producto al nacer, antecedentes patológicos y exposición a factores físicos y químicos. Por cada malformado se seleccionó un control no malformado del mismo sexo, no necesariamente sano, pero del mismo hospital. La prevalencia hospitalaria general de las malformaciones congénitas fue de 22.3 x 1,000 RN; en nacidos vivos fue de 21.4 x 1,000 y de 69.6 x 1,000 en nacidos muertos. Los diagnósticos más importantes de malformaciones mayores por 10,000 RN fueron; defectos del cierre del tubo neural con tasa de 26.5; la anencefalia con tasa de 12.8. Las anomalias cromosómicas tuvieron una tasa de 14.8; la malformación más frecuente fue el Síndrome de Down con tasa de 12.1 , el labio paladar endido 11.1 y la polidactilia con 11.0. Las malformaciones se encontraron asociadas a: edad mayor de 40 años de la madre (RR=2.4; IC=1.5-3.8)~ antecedentes de un malformado previo (RR=4.6; IC=3.6-5.9), metrorragia en el primer trimestre de embarazo (RR=1.4; IC=1.0-1.9) y diabetes en el embarazo (RR=4.7; IC=1.2-20.4)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Anencephaly/diagnosis , Chromosome Aberrations/classification , Chromosome Aberrations/epidemiology , Cleft Lip/epidemiology , Encephalocele/epidemiology , Hospital Statistics , Hip Dislocation, Congenital/epidemiology , Mexico/epidemiology
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