The magnitude of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of resistance among extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is a serious problem around the world. It results in serious clinical complications in humans and has become a global threat. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different clinical samples in Ethiopia. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples in Ethiopia were included. Four authors independently extracted data and analysed using R software version 3.6.1 and STATA statistical software version 13. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Ethiopia. RESULTS: Of 142 articles reviewed, 14 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the different clinical specimens in Ethiopia was 49 % (95 % CI: 39, 60). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the leading ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae followed by Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii with a prevalence of 74, 67 and 60 %, respectively. ESBL-producing isolates showed a high rate of resistance to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin and aztreonam. The better options for the treatment of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are amikacin and Imipenem. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in different clinical samples in Ethiopia is alarmingly high and represents a threat to human health. Hence, a coordinated effort needs to be implemented for the prevention and control of these Enterobacteriaceae .

Prevalence and associated factor of Campylobacter species among less than 5-year-old children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite the significant reductions in under-five mortality, campylobacteriosis has emerged as one of the most common causative agents of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of Campylobacter species and associated risk factors among children less than 5 years of age in Ethiopia. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia were included. Two authors independently extracted data and analyzed them using STATA Version 13 statistical software. A random-effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence and the associations between determinant factors and campylobacteriosis. RESULTS: Out of 166 papers reviewed, 8 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Campylobacter species among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia was 10% (95% CI: 7, 13). Contact with domestic animals (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 2.0, 5.1), illiterate mothers (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.8), consumption of animal products (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.7, 4.5), and status of mothers' personal hygiene (OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7, 1.8) were significantly associated with the prevalence of Campylobacter species. CONCLUSION: In our study, Campylobacter species among children under 5 years of age in Ethiopia were significantly high. Contact with domestic animals, illiterate mothers and consumption of animal products were significantly associated with prevalence of Campylobacter species.

Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging Features of Patients with COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious disease, and its first outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China. A coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes severe respiratory distress (ARDS). Due to the primary involvement of the respiratory system, chest CT is strongly recommended in suspected COVID-19 cases, for both initial evaluation and follow-up. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the existing literature on CT imaging features of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Open Access Journals (OAJ), and Google Scholar databases until April 15, 2020. All articles with a report of CT findings in COVID-19 patients published in English from the onset of COVID-19 outbreak to April 20, 2020, were included in the study. RESULT: From a total of 5041 COVID-19-infected patients, about 98% (4940/5041) had abnormalities in chest CT, while about 2% have normal chest CT findings. Among COVID-19 patients with abnormal chest CT findings, 80% (3952/4940) had bilateral lung involvement. Ground-glass opacity (GGO) and mixed GGO with consolidation were observed in 2482 (65%) and 768 (18%) patients, respectively. Consolidations were detected in 1259 (22%) patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. CT images also showed interlobular septal thickening in about 691 (27%) patients. CONCLUSION: Frequent involvement of bilateral lung infections, ground-glass opacities, consolidation, crazy paving pattern, air bronchogram signs, and intralobular septal thickening were common CT imaging features of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Asymptomatic pharyngeal carriage rate of Streptococcus pyogenes, its associated factors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among school children in Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the asymptomatic pharyngeal carriage rate of S. pyogenes, antimicrobial pattern and related risk factors among school children in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. RESULTS: Out of 287 school children's screened, 35 (12.2%) were colonized with S. pyogenes. The carriage rate was significantly associated with factors such as sex (female p = 0.013) occupational status of mother (p = 0.002), lower income source (500-900 ETB, 1000-1500 ETB) (p = 0.001, and p = 0.042), history of hospitalization (p = 0.00) and residence of the children (p = 0.002). High level resistant to tetracycline and low level to vancomycin were observed, while penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and ceftriaxone were found to be effective.